I.

Multiple Choice
1. And the song _______ by our listeners as their favourite of the week is Goodbye Baby by The
Tunesmiths.
A. having chosen B. chosen C. is chosen D. which chosen
2. The floor was so rotten that it almost ________under his weight.
A. gave up B. gave away C. gave back D. gave way
3. She got a bit hot ________ the collar when a colleague started criticizing her work.
A. under B. on C. beyond D. from
4. The Browns needn’t hurry as there was ________time for them to get to the airport.
A. ample B. lavish C. extensive D. spacious
5. When several companies showed interest in buying the film rights to his novel, he knew he had ________.
A. upped the ante B. raised the bar C. beaten the clock D. hit the jackpot
6. My parents bought me a ________ toy to congratulate me on achieving high scores in the last exam.
A. strange round orange plastic B. plastic orange round strange. OSASCOMP
C. strange plastic orange round D. strange round plastic orange
7. Though badly damaged by fire, the palace was eventually _______ to its original splendor.
A. repaired B. renewed C. restored D. renovated
8. The temperature _______ takes place varies widely from material to material.
A. at which melting B. which melting C. which they melt D. at which they melt
9. When his parents are away, his oldest brother ________.
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
10. I’ve never really_______classical music, but I love jazz.
A. put up with B. gone in for C. kept pace with D. broken down on
11. _______how confident you are, it is almost impossible not to be a little nervous before an important
exam.
A. No matter B. Even though C. Not only D. Whereas
12. The children are really getting in my_______. Tell them to go and play outside.
A. hair B. nerves C. mouth D. tongue
13. The Vietnamese government has taken various _______ against the new coronavirus, including
requesting school closures and even cancellations.
A. efforts B. measures C. activities D. methods
14. Let me try my _____ at cards. If I win, I promise to invite you to a restaurant.
A. fortune B. luck C. power D. chance
15. . My decision to leave university after a year is the one I now_____ regret.
A. harshly B. keenly C. painfully D. heavily
16. _____ all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.
A. To have photocopiedB. Having been photocopiedC. Being photocopied D. Having photocopied
17. I read the contract again and again _____ avoiding making spelling mistakes.
A. in terms of B. by means of C. with a view to D. in view of
18. _____ to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge.
A. As soon as you were returning B. When you return
C. By the time you will return D. After you had return
19. If you don't have anything _____ to say, it's better to say nothing.
A. construct B. construction C. constructive D. Constructor
20. "If no one can soon _____ a good solution, we're going to be in trouble.” the board chair warned.
A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. check up on
21. The poor child was in floods of ______ because his bicycle had been stolen.
A. tears B. refugees C. sadness D. upset
22. After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their ______ down for a while.
A. heart B. hair C. soul D. head
23. ______ in the diet is especially important for vegetarians.
A. Enough protein is obtained B. By obtaining enough protein
C. They obtain enough protein D. Obtaining enough protein
24. Had she realised just how potentially dangerous her discovery was, she would surely have suppressed it,
______?
A. didn't she B. wouldn't she C. hadn't she D. wasn't she
25______is someone who can reduce spending without hurting morale.
A. Being needed B. What needs C. What is needed D. That needs
26. Van Gogh suffered from depression ______ by overwork and ill-health.
A. brought on B. come about C. taken up D. pulled through
27. The city's efforts to cut down on pollution are finally ______ fruit.
A. making B. producing C. growing D. bearing
28. I’m ______ too keen on watching that film again.
A. that B. none C. such D. very
29. How could we have been so gullible? - It was all a ______ of lies.
A. pack B. heap C. bunch D. pile
30. Diligently ______ Peter worked, he never got a high salary.
A. while B. when C. as D. since
31. They were caught because their sudden wealth gave the ______ away.
A. fact B. game C. idea D. match
32. Help yourself to anything you like. There’s no ______ to how much you eat.
A. limit B. border C. edge D. barrier
33. If you don’t do what you promised, you will be sued for ______ of contract.
A. fracture B. crack C. rupture D. breach
34. Jack was arrested for trying to pass ______ notes at the bank many years ago.
A. camouflaged B. fake C. counterfeit D. fraudulent
35. Unless you give up smoking, you’ll ______ the risk of damaging your health.
A. bear B. suffer C. make D. run
36. The party leader travelled the length and ______ of the country in an attempt to spread his message.
A. width B. distance C. diameter D. breadth
37. After a six-year relationship, Mary and Peter have decided to ______.
A. break the bank B. turn the page C. tie the knot D. make the grade
38. The common barn owl, one of the ten species of barn owls found in North America, is also called the
monkey-faced owl because its heart-shaped face looks ______ of a monkey.
A. like much that B. much like that C. like that much D. that much like
39. No decision has been taken about the building of the new school. The authorities are still______.
A. beating about the bush B. comparing apples and oranges
C. sitting on the fence D. holding all the aces
40. You can’t always depend on ______ on time.
A. the trains’ arriving B. the trains to arrive C. the arriving of trains D. the train that arriving
Writing
Combine
Question 41. You don’t obey the regulations. You may be disqualified.
A. As you are disqualified, you may disobey.
B. Disqualifications may lead to your disobedience of the regulations.
C. Failure to obey the regularions may result in disqualifications.
D. Unless you obey the regulations, you may not be disqualified.
Question 42. The prospects of them surviving are slim. I have my doubts.
A. I’m sure they are likely to survive.
B. Fears are growing as to their chances of survival.
C. There is no doubt about their survival.
D. If they were still alive, I wouldn’t think about it.
Question 43. Mike was offered the job. He was unqualified to do it.
A. Mike was offered the job by reason of being unqualified to do it.
B. Mike was offered the job regardless of his incompetence.
C. If Mike had been offered the job, he would have been qualified to do it.
D. That Mike was offered the job was a compensation for his unqualified to do it.
Question 44. His academic record at high school was poor. He failed to apply to that prestigious institution.
A. He failed to apply to that prestigious institution on account of his poor academic record at high school.
B. His academic record at high school was poor as a result of his failure to apply to that prestigious
institution.
C. Failing to apply to that prestigious institution resulted in his poor academic record at high school.
D. His academic record at high school was poor because he didn’t apply to that prestigious institution.
Question 45. Our computers crashed. This caused all the trouble.
A. That our computers crashed resulted from all the trouble. B. Owing to all the trouble, our computers
crashed.
C. The trouble all stemmed from our computers crashing. D. Our computers crashing was really annoying.
Question 46. Anna is Ken’s boss. His criticism of her may have a bad effect on him
A. Ken’s criticism of Anna may be rooted in the fact that she is his boss.
B. Ken’s criticism of Anna may be a matter of concern to her now that she’s his boss.
C. Ken’s criticism of Anna may be put into effect because she’s his boss.
D. Ken’s criticism of Anna may rebound on him now that she’s his boss.
Question 47. The Prime Minister set up a committee of financial experts. They were to help him discuss and
formulate new policies.
A. The committee of financial experts set up by the Prime Minister was aimed at helping him discuss
and formulate new policies.
B. The Prime Minister, who is a financial expert, set up a committee to discuss and formulate new policies.
C. A committee consisting of financial experts who were helped by the Prime Minister discussed and
formulated new policies.
D. The Prime Minister set up a committee so that he could help financial experts with new policies.
Question 48. I’m sick of that programme. I’ve watched it too often.
A. I’m not taken aback at that programme because I’ve watched it too often.
B. That programme is out of bounds although I’ve watched it too often.
C. I’ve gone off that programme because I’ve watched it too often.
D. I’m thrown off balance by the programme although I’ve watched it too often.
49. We didn’t want to spend a lot of money. We stayed in a cheap hotel.
A. Rather than spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel.
B. In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel.
C. We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money.
D. We didn’t stay in a cheap hotel as we had a lot of money to spend.
50. Science has been difficult. Only specialists can fathom its complexities.
A. Science is so difficult that only specialists can fathom its complexities.
B. Not only has science been difficult but specialists can also fathom its complexities.
C. Were it not for the difficulty of science, specialists could fathom its complexities.
D. Such has been the difficulty of science that only specialists can fathom its complexities.
Transform
Question 51. I travel by bus only when I have no alternative.
A. It’s my only alternative to travel by bus. B. I travel by bus as a last resort.
C. I resort to travel by bus only when I have no alternative. D. Travelling by bus is my only alternative.
Question 52. Steve came across some high school friends while he was waiting outside the ice cream shop.
A. He met some of his friends by chance while he was waiting outside the ice cream shop.
B. He passed some of his friends while waiting outside the ice cream shop.
C. While he was waiting outside the ice cream shop, some of his friends went past.
D. He met some of his friends while they were outside the ice cream shop.
Question 53. It was your assistance that enabled us to get achievements.
A. If you had assisted us, we could have got achievements.
B. Your assistance discouraged us from getting achievements.
C. We could get achievements with a view to having your assistance.
D. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievements.
Question 54. Twenty years ago, this region produced twice as much coal as it does now.
A. Coal production in this region has doubled in the last twenty years.
B. More coal is produced now in this region than twenty years ago.
C. Coal production in this region has been halved in the last twenty years.
D. This region has produced more coal than twenty years ago.
Question 55. Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.
A. The new cinema was more expensive than we had expected.
B. We were not impressed by the new cinema at all because it was rather expensive.
C. The new cinema impressed us because it was rather expensive.
D. We were very impressed by the new cinema, but we found it rather expensive.
Question 56. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test.
A. By having failed his driving test, Harry made no surprise.
B. It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test.
C. Harry’s having failed his driving test is not my surprise.
D. If Harry hadn’t failed his driving test, I wouldn’t have been surprised.
Question 57. Martin missed his flight because he had not been informed of the change in flight schedule.
A. Not having missed his flight, Martin was informed of the change in flight schedule.
B. Martin missed his flight, though he had been informed of the change in flight schedule.
C. Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight.
D. Martin had been informed of his flight delay, which was due to the change in flight schedule.
Question 58. You should have persuaded him to change his mind.
A. You should persuade him to change his mind.
B. You persuaded him to change his mind but he didn't listen.
C. It was essential to persuade him to change his mind but you didn't.
D. You didn't persuade him to change because of his mind.
Question 59. I’m sure my younger brother was very disappointed when he failed the driving test last week.
A. My younger brother may be very disappointed when he failed the driving test last week.
B. My younger brother could have been very disappointed when he failed the driving test last week.
C. My younger brother must be very disappointed when he failed the driving test last week.
D. My younger brother must have been very disappointed when he failed the driving test last week.
Question 60. . It is believed that the shoplifter broke into the jewelry shop through the main window.
A. The shoplifter was believed to break into the jewelry shop through the main window.
B. The shoplifter was believed to have broken into the jewelry shop through the main window.
C. The shoplifter is believed that he broke into the jewelry shop through the window.
D. The shoplifter is believed to have broken into the jewelry shop through the main window.
PART 1. For questions 61 – 70, read the passage below and then choose which option (A,
B, C or D) best fits each space
THE HISTORY OF CONVERSE
In 1908, Marquis Converse opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company in Malden, Massachusetts,
USA. To start with, the company made simple rubber-soled footwear for men, women and children. By
1910, Converse was (61) ________ 4,000 pairs of shoes daily, and in 1915 the company began
manufacturing tennis shoes. The company’s main turning (62)________ came in 1917 when the Converse
All-Star red-and-white basketball shoe was introduced. Then, in 1921, a basketball player named Charles
H.’Churk’ Taylor contacted the company (63) ________ of sore feet. Converse immediately gave him a job
(64) ________ a salesman and ambassador, and he promoted the shoes around the United States for the
(65) ________ of his career. In 1923, after teaching his first basketball clinic, Chuck’s signature was added
to the All Star patch. In 1941, when the USA became involved in the Second World war, Converse shifted
production to manufacturing shoes, boots and protecting (66) ________for his pilots and soldiers.
Converses were hugely popular with teenagers during the 1950s. Rock-and-Roll era, and in 1966 the
company added a range of new colors to the basic red-and-white Churk Taylor All-Star basketball shoe. The
shoes continued to be popular until the early 1980s, but lost a large proportion of their market (67) ________
during the mid-1980s and 1990s, with the appearance on the (68) ________ of trainer, made by new
competitors such as Nike and Reebok. Converses were no longer the official shoe of America’s Nation
Basketball Association, a title they had (69) ________ for many years. In 2001, the company changed (70)
________, the last factory in the United States closed and manufacture moved to China, Indonesia and
Vietnam. In 2003, the company was bought be Nike.
(From First Certificate Masterclass-Student’s Book by Simon Haines &Barbara Stewart)
61. A. preparing B. producing C. creating D. constructing
62. A. point B. place C. pot D. situation
63. A. accounting B. complaining C. viewing D. bearing
64. A. as B. for C. like D. with
65. A. remains B. surplus C. rest D. remnants
66. A. clothing B. cloth C. attire D. dress
67. A. part B. portion C. piece D. share
68. A. shelf B. market C. shops D. stores
69. A. competed B. owned C. possessed D. held
70. A. places B. businesses C. hands D. holders
PART 3: For questions 71 - 80, read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D)
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions (10 points).
RECREATING SAILS USED ON VIKING SHIPS
The people known as the Vikings, from Norway, are famous for sailing round much of the world – but
how did they do it? Nancy Bazilchuk investigates.
Since the middle of the 1800s, archaeologists have been studying a series of well - preserved Viking ships,
excavated from grave mounds or raised from the bottom of narrow rivers leading to the sea. What they were
missing was the ships’ sails: such old cloth rarely survives in the environments that preserve wood. But after
delving into old documents, John Godal and Eric Andersen from the Viking Ship Museum at Roskilde in
Denmark decided old sails might be preserved elsewhere. They found a Viking law dating from about AD
1000 which stated: “The man on whom responsibility falls shall store the sail in the church. If the church
burns, this man is responsible for the sail…”. They struck it lucky in the church at Trondenes. Crammed
between the walls and the roof was a fragment of woolen sail. It may once have been put in the church for
safety.
Amy Lightfoot, head of the Tommervik Textile Trust in Hitra, Norway, had been studying coastal people’s
use of a tough, lanolin - rich wool to weave vadmal, a thick woolen cloth used to make durable clothing.
When the coastal Museum in Hitra decided in 1991 to build a replica of a boat used locally in the 1930s, it
decided that it should have a woolen sail based on the fragment from Trondenes, and the Lightfoot was
chosen for the task. There was only one catch: the knowledge needed to produce such an object had perished
with the sails themselves. ‘But people still made vadmal, and we could talk to them about that,’ says
Lightfoot.
Even the simplest sail is a highly complex tensile structure. The fabric must be heavy enough to withstand
strong winds, but not so heavy that it slows the ship. The trick to achieving this balance lies in the strength of
the different threads, the tightness their twist and their water tightness. The discovery of the Trondenes sail
meant that these intricacies could be examined in Viking - age cloth. Analysis of the sail showed that its
strength came from the long, coarse outer hairs of a primitive breed of the northern European short - tailed
sheep called villsau. These can still be found in Finland and Iceland. They do not need shelter in winter, as
their wool is saturated with water - repellent lanolin. The quality of their wool owes much to their diet,
which is new grass in summer and heather in winter. Historical and radiocarbon date from as early as 1400
BC show that Norwegian coastal farmers burnt the heather every year in spring. This kept down the heather
and it also prevented the invasion of young pine trees that would eventually turn the farmers’ grazing land to
forest. The villsau thrived on the summer grass and in fact helped to encourage its growth. The flocks gained
enough weight to survive on heather over the winter.
When it came to making a sail for the Coastal Museum’s boat, the Sara Kjerstine, Lightfoot was able to
provide a limited amount of villsau wool from a flock of 25 sheep she kept herself. The remainder came
from a modern relative called the spelsau. Both types of wool had to be worked by hand to preserve the
lalonin and to separate the long, strong outer hairs from the weaker, inner wool. This was not a trivial
undertaking: the Sara Kjerstine required an 85 - square - metre sail that consumed 2,000 kilograms of wool,
a year’s production from 2,000 sheep. It took Lightfoot and three helpers six months to pull the wool from
the villsau. Spinning the wool into 165,000 meters of yarn and weaving the sail took another two years.
In 1997 Lightfoot joined forces with the Viking Ship Museum at Roskilde. They wanted a woolen sail for a
replica they were building of a cargo ship. This time Lightfoot took a short cut: instead of pulling out the
wool, it was sheared. Nevertheless, as Lightfoot spent endless hours working the wool, she thought about the
enormous amount of time and material needed to produce just one sail. Yet the Danish king Knut II is
believed by historians to have had over 1,700 ships in 1085. ‘You think about the Vikings’ western
expansion,’ she says. ‘And you think, maybe the sheep had something to do with it. And unless there were
women ashore making sails, Vikings could never have sailed anywhere.’
Lightfoot’s sails have provided some unexpected insights into handling of Viking ships. For example,
woolen sails power Viking ships about 10 per cent faster upwind than modern sails, and allow the ships to be
sailed far closer to the wind than anyone guessed. In September, the Roskilde museum’s latest ship, a
reproduction based on the Skuldelev 2 wreck, is due to make its maiden voyage all the way to Ireland, but
despite at least 1,000 years of ‘progress’, this ship will have to do without a woolen sail. Unlike the Vikings,
the museum doesn’t have the huge flocks of wild sheep or an army of women to provide the material it
needs.
71. What point does the writer make about finding Viking sails?
A. Written records did not provide any useful information.
B. Most Viking sails were believed to have been destroyed the fire.
C. Viking sails had frequently been reused for other purposes.
D. Archaeologists had not realized where sails might be kept.
72. When Amy Lightfoot was asked to make her first woolen sail, her problem was that _____.
A. she could obtain no first - hand information about the construction of such sails
B. she had to substitute a poorer quality material for Viking sailcloth
C. there were no other people in the textile field that she could consult
D. the Coastal Museum had unrealistic expectations of who could make it
73. The word “saturated” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by _____.
A. brought B. made C. filled D. linked
74. According to the passage, the word ‘This’ in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. the quality of the wool B. historical and radiocarbon data
C. burning the heather D. keeping down the heather
75. What is told about the sail in paragraph 3?
A. The quality of the cloth depended on the type of boat.
B. The wool used was taken from one type of sheep.
C. The wool required the addition of a waterproof substance.
D. In some ways the cloth used was superior to modern textile.
76. What is told about land management in paragraph 3?
A. Farmers did not appreciate the long - term results of preventing tree growth.
B. Farmers knew it was essential to encourage the spread of heather.
C. Disasters such as fire sometimes interfered with land management.
D. Summer grass became more plentiful because of the sheep.
77. Why did it take Amy Lightfoot so long to make the sail for the Sara Kjerstine?
A. One type of wool she used was of inferior quality.
B. She had underestimated the number of sheep required.
C. It was not possible to use modern production methods in the process.
D. The sail was of a large size than the one at Trondenes.
78. According to the passage, the word ‘trivial’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. insignificant B. important C. outstanding D. serious
79. In paragraph 5, what does Amy Lightfoot imply?
A. The traditional interpretation of Danish history was misleading.
B. Archaeologists had not appreciated the number of ships the Vikings had.
 C. The amount of time spent on the making of the Sara Kjerstine sail was unnecessary.
D. The role of women in Viking expansion to the West has been overlooked.
80. What point is exemplified by the reference to the Roskilde museum’s latest ship?
A. It is ironic that the museum cannot replicate the same quality cloth that the Vikings had.
B. It is unlikely that the Vikings would have sailed on the same route to Ireland.
C. It is possible that the replica ship may succeed where the original failed.
D. It is surprising that modern sails are not more similar in structure to traditional ones