LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL - Born in Manila

R.A. NO. 1425 - Math, business, literature

An act to include in the curricula of all public and
private schools, colleges and universities courses on the
life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing
the printing and distribution thereof, and for other
purposes.

SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of

Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all
schools, colleges and universities, public or private:
Provided,
SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools,
colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an
adequate number of copies of the original and
unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and
biography.
SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall
cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal
into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine
dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular
editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of
charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the
Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the
country.
SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as
amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-
seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the
discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers
and other person engaged in any public school.
SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos
is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any
fund not otherwise appropriated in the National
Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

ANCESTORS OF JOSE RIZAL

FATHER SIDE:
Domingo Lamco and Ines Dela Rosa
Francisco Mercado Jr. and Anila Bernarcha
Cirila Alejandra and Juan Mercado
Child: Francisco Mercado Jr. and 13 others
MOTHER SIDE:
Eugenio Ursua and Benigna
Regina Ursua and Manuel de Quintos
Brigida de Quintos and Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo
Child: Teodora Alonzo

FRANCISCO MERCADO
- Youngest
- Born in Binan, Laguna
- Hardworking and progressive farmer
- Man of the solid shoulder w/ strong
constitutions, prominent forehead and dark
eyes
- Pure Filipino
- At 80, he died (year after execution of Rizal)
TEODORA ALONZO
- Finesse
- Belong to a distinguished family
- Imprisoned for 2 yrs because allegedly poison
her cousin.
- Refused life pension
RIZAL SIBLINGS
1. SATURNINA – published works of Rizal, married to
Timoteo Hidalgo.
2. PACIANO – only brother, served as his 2nd father.
3. NARCISA – very close to Rizal, married to
Antonio Lopez.
4. OLIMPIA – married to Silvestre Hubaldo, died
during child birth.
5. LUCIA – married to Marciano Herbosa.
6. MARIA – married to Daniel Faustino Cruz.
7. JOSE RIZAL
8. CONCEPCION – died at 3 y/o due to heart failure.
9. JOSEFA – died due to epilepsy (no husband)
10. TRINIDAD – keeper of Mi Ultimo Adios
11. SOLEDAD – married to Pantaleon Quintero,
very educated.

JOSE RIZAL (JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO y ALONZO

REALONDA)
- Birthday: June 19, 1861
- Born in Calamba, Laguna
- Rev. Rufino Collantes – baptized rizal on June
22, 1861.
- 17 y/o – he wrote an article MEMORIAS DE
US ESTUDIANTE DE MANILA.
- 15 y/o – wrote US RECUARDO A MI PUEBLO.
- Teachers in grade school: Lucas Padua &
Leon Monroy
- Favorite book: EL AMIGO DE LOS NINOS
- Favorite story: THE MOTH
- 8 y/o – he wrote “ANG AKING KABATA”/ TO
MY FELLOW CHILDREN
- 35 y/o – died
3 UNCLES WHO INFLUENCED RIZAL:
1. GREGORIO – to read
2. JOSE – to fight against bullies
3. MANUEL ALBERTO ALONZO – excellence in writing

AMBET OCAMPO (HISTORIAN) & VERGILIO AMORSOLO

(NAT’L ARTIST) DOUBTED THAT RIZAL WROTE SA AKING
MGA KABATA
REASONS:
1. Poem used the tagalog “Kalayaan” (There’s
no word existed until 1882 “Kalayahan”
2. The fluency & sophistication used in the poem.
3. 8 y/o Rizal apparent familiarity w/ English & Latin
is also questionable (Spanish & tagalog – only
languages existed when he was 8 y/o)
4. Rizal did not study English until 1880.
5. No manuscript for Sa Aking mga Kabata
written Rizal’s handwriting exist.
6. The poem also used the letter K,W instead of C,
V because we are using Spanish orthography.
RIZAL IN ATENEO
- ESCUELA PIA – previous name of ateneo.
- Charity school founded in 1817.
 - JUNE 10, 1872 – Paciano and Rizal went to Manila to 2. He was uncertain to course he would pursue.
have entrance exam in CSJL and went back to - He received excellent grades.
Calamba. His father wants him to Ateneo. - FATHER PABLO RAMON – rector of UST,
- FATHER MARGIN FERNANDO – rejected Rizal in recommended Rizal to take medicine.
Ateneo - His grades were passing only (Medicine)
REASONS: - HE WAS UNHAPPY IN UST BECAUSE:
1. Month late for registration due to his mother’s 1. Dominican professor was hostile to him
arrest. 2. Fil students suffered discrimination
2. Appeared sickly & undersize for his age. 3. The method of teaching was obsolete
- He used PADRINO SYSTEM - REASONS WHY HIS GRADES WERE LOW:
- MANUEL XERES BURGOS – helped Rizal to enter in 1. Not satisfied by the education
Ateneo. 2. Plenty of distractions (girls, vices)
- EXTERNO – student live outside the school 3. Medicine was not Rizal true vocation
- INTERNO – live inside the school
- CARABALLO ST. – where they stayed EDUCATION AND TRAVEL ABROAD
JESUIT SYSTEM - w/o any knowledge, Paciano would send Rizal
1. Rigid discipline to Spain.
2. Character building - MISSION OF RIZAL – observe keenly the life & culture,
3. Religious instruction languages & customs, industries, commerce &
4. Establish physical culture gov’t. & laws of the European nation in order to
5. Scientific studies prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating these
6. Starts & ends classes w/ prayer oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny.
7. Hear masses every morning - It was a secret.
8. Encouraged competitions of students - Used another identity, JOSE MERCADO (his
1ST YEAR IN ATENEO cousin from Binan)
- Flew to Spain in MAY 3, 1882, Barkong Salvadora
- PINSULARES – pure Spanish
- INSULARES – born in PH , Spanish parents - JUNE 16, 1882, arrived in Barcelona, Spain
- MEZTISO – white men - 1st impression, THE GREATEST CITY OF CATALUNA
- NATIVES – Filipino (Barcelona) and 2ND LARGEST CITY OF SPAIN
- FATHER JOSE BECH – fave teacher of Rizal - LAS RAMBLAS – most famous street in Barcelona
- Took tutor in Spanish classes in COLEGIO DE SANTA - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – encouraged Rizal to write
ISABEL in newspaper. And translated it to Filipino.
- AMOR PATRIO – rizal wrote about love of country.
2ND YEAR
- BASILIO TEODORA MORAN – published it
- Became Emperor (brightest student in Spanish time) - DIARYONG TAGALOG – 1ST bilingual newspaper
- Received excellent grades in all subjects and - LOS VIAJES – 2nd article he wrote
gold medals - Paciano sent letter after 23 days Rizal departed,
- Loved reading romantic novels telling him to finish a medical degree in Madrid.
- Fave Novel – HISTORIA UNIVERSAL BY CESAR CANTU - NOV. 3, 1882 – went to Madrid (Capital of Spain)
3RD YEAR - UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID – he enrolled
- Mother out in jail - MEDICINE & PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS – courses he
- Received a gold medal in latin took
4TH YEAR - ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS IN SAN FERNANDO – he
enrolled in fine arts during his vacancy
- Became intern of FR. PAULA DE SANCHEZ
- JUNE 21, 1884 – finished his degree in
- Received 5 medals at the end of the school term
Medicine (Licentiate)
5th YEAR - JUNE 19, 1885 – finished his degree in Philosophy &
- Declared as the PRIDE OF THE JESUIT. Letters (Licentiate)
- MARCH 23, 1877 – graduated in HS at 16 y/o - 1885 – he went to Paris, France
- He took land surveying. - Studied OPTHALMOLOGIST.
TYPES OF STUDENTS - DR. LOUIS WECKER – he trained Rizal on actual
1. EMPEROR – bright eye operations.s
2. TRIBUNE – very good - Mastered 5 diff. languages:
3. DECURION – good 1. French
4. CENTURION – not that good 2. Italian
5. BEARER – not at all 3. Polish
- Rizal belongs to CARTHAGINIAN, others were 4. English
ROMAN 5. Greek
- After Ateneo, he went to UST. - Experienced lack of money
REASONS:
1. Family was not able to send him money.
RIZAL IN UST
- JUAN LUNA, FELIX R. HIDALGO & TAVERA BROTHERS
- He took PHILOSOPHY AND
(PATRIOTS) – helped Rizal in Paris, France.
LETTERS REASONS:
1. Father likes it,
- As return, Rizal played roles in The blood compact as MILAN
Egyptian Priest and Death of Cleopatra as Chief VENICE
Sikatuna.
MARSEILLES FORT – rode a ship named Djemnah going
- MAXIMO VIOLA – helped Rizal published his novels.
to Vietnam, from Vietnam transferred to Haiphong
- 2 SOCIAL CLUB RIZAL FORMED: to brought together
Ship going to Manila.
young fil residing in France.
1. KIDLAT CLUB AUGUST 5, 1887 – arrived in Manila
2. INDIOS BRAVOS AUGUST 8, 1887 – went home in Calamba
- Rizal left Paris due to high cost of living. - Established medical clinic
- He went to Heidelberg, Germany, famous for - First patient was his mother
universities & romantic surroundings. - DR. ULIMAN – given by his neighborhood
- Became member in chess, and become famous (from tagalog of Germany - Alimania)
for his drinking skills. - 2 WAYS OF PAYING:
- He transferred to a boarding house near hospital. 1. POOR – treatment for free
- DR. OTTO BERKER – supervised Rizal in eye hospital. 2. RICH – European treatment fee
- Rizal perfected eye operations. - He earned big money
- He sent letters to Maria & Trinidad (sisters) telling that - Opened gym for youth of Laguna
GERMANY is a country of ORDER & OBEDIENCE. - Introduced European sports
- Rizal described GERMAN STUDENTS as
AFFECTIONATE, RESPECTFUL, MODEST &
NOT BOASTFUL.
- GERMAN WOMEN were TALL W/ BLONDE, SERIOUS,
STUDIOUS, SIMPLE, INDUSTRIOUS, CONCERNED ABOUT
EDUCATION, & NOT AFRAID TO MEN.
- APRIL 12, 1886 – he wrote “A LAS FLORES DE
HEILDERBEG”, inspired in neckar river surrounded w/
flowers.
- WEIHELMFIELD – mountainous village of Heilderbeg
where Rizal stayed during summer.
- DR. KARL ULMER – pastor of vicarage of Welhemfield.
- FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT – rizal wrote to him
about his interest in ETHNOLOGY & FIL
LANGUAGES.
- ARITMETICA by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez.
- LEIPZIG – attended 5th centenary foundation of the
university.
- After that, rizal stayed in Berlin, Germany where
he publish the NOLI ME TANGERE w/ the help of
MAXIMO VIOLA.
- Maximo Viola lent Rizal PHP300 for dp of
2,000 copies of Noli.
- He pawns his diamond ring to survive in Germany.
- RIZAL’S TOUR BEFORE GOING HOME
1. DRESDEN, GERMANY – May 11, 1887
 He and viola attended flower exhibit.
2. LEITMERITZ, BOHEMIA – house of blumentritt, finally
they met and stayed for 3 days.
3. PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC - rizal visited Tomb of
Copernicus, Museum of Natural History,
Bacteriological labs and cave of San Juan
Nepomuceno.
4. VIENNA, AUSTRIA – Queen of Danube
 May 20, 1887
 They met Narcenfals
 They stayed in Hotel Metropole
 LINTZ – they rode a boat to go
around Danube river.
 They saw RHEINFALL – most beautiful falls.
5. GENEVA, SWITZERLAND – one of the most beautiful
places in the world.
 Stayed for 15 days
 Celebrated his 26th bday
 Rizal and Viola parted away
6. ITALY, ROME
TURIN
FLORENCE