Argument:

How to & How

to Not
Intellektuelle Schule
2023

Zulkaida Akbar
08/26/2023

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OUTLINE

• A Brief Introduction About ME

• Why do we need to make good arguments
• How to make a good argument
• Logical Fallacy
• Framing
• Argument in Meeting and Conflict Resolution

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Salam Kenal
Saya Lahir, tumbuh dan besar di Purwokerto
Di Purwokerto Sempat menjadi:
• Ketua ROHIS (Kerohaniaan Islam) SMU N 1
Purwokerto
• Ketua Bina Taruna Remaja grumbul krewed
lor, Kelurahan Teluk, Purwokerto
About 20 kilograms ago
2003 – 2009: Merantau ke Bandung untuk
belajar Fisika di ITB
Di Bandung sempat menjadi:
• Ketua Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika (Himafi) ITB
• Presiden Kabinet Keluarga Mahasiswa (KM) ITB
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Sesaat setelah lulus kuliah
• Entrepreneur • Teaching

A team of 5 founders and a bus full of workers

Students from Papua
and their families

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2013 - 2023: Merantau ke Amerika untuk belajar Fisika Nuklir & Partikel di Florida, Virginia & Chicago

July 2023: Pulang dan menjadi peneliti

• 2013 – 2018: S2 dan S3 di Florida State University di BRIN
• 2018 – 2023: Research Associate at University of Virginia

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Family Hobbies: Reading and Writing

3 kids who were born in 3 different

islands (Java, Borneo, USA)

https://zulkaidaakbar.com/
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Why do We Need to Make a good argument?

Obviously, you need to make good

arguments to get what you want!!!

Pitching your idea to the investor

proposing her Decide where/what to eat

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Why do We Need to Make a good argument?

Part of Critical-Thinking skill

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How to Make a good argument?

Argument components:
• Claim: Main proposition
• Reasoning: Logical connection
• Evidence: Supporting data
• Warrant: Assumption or core principle (axiom)
• Response/Acknowledgement: response to opposing argument

Important points for strong arguments:

• Relevance: good connection between claim and reasoning
• Credibility: for the evidence
• Sufficiency: Sufficient evidence and reasoning
• Acceptability: Public acceptance

For a more description, see the Handbook!

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Logical Fallacy

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Is it apple to apple?
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Some notes:
• Logical fallacies are in everyday life
• It is okay to have fallacies for issues that are not serious: Deciding where to eat, what movies to watch
• We should put more effort into avoiding fallacies for a more serious issues

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Framing

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Framing

• One fact multi-interpretation

• Select the fact
• Choice of language
• Choice of perception

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 Argument in Meeting & Conflict Resolution
• Effective meeting

Have you ever been in these kind of meetings?

• Meeting for hours without decision or even without
conclusion?
• Everybody is speaking but nobody is listening?
• The problem is clear, but nobody want to take the
responsibility?
• It’s not clear who is the decision maker nor how the
decision will be made?
• Everybody criticizes everybody?

It’s a real alarm. Change is a must!!

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Argument in Meeting & Conflict Resolution
• Effective conflict management strategy Some advices:
• Seek first to understand, then to
be understood
• Start with the facts, not your
judgement
• Focus on interest, not positions
• Commit to win-win
• Be tough on the issues and
tender to the people
• Be clear and specific

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Thank You

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