RADIOGRAPHY TESTING LEVEL-II QUESTION PAPER

GENERAL

1.Cobalt-60 used in non destructive testing emits

a. alpha particles b. neutrons c. gamma rays d. x-rays

2. The penetrating ability of an x-ray is governed by

a. kilovoltage b. time c. milliamperage d. source to film distance

3. A densitometer is an instrument for measuring

a. x-ray intensity b. film density c. density of a material d. tube current

4. when radiograph to the 2-2T quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 1/2inch thick 2024 aluminium
alloy has a thickness of
a. 2 mils b. 5mils c. 10 mils d. 8 mils

5. Movement, geometry and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic
a.contrast b.unsharpness c.reticulation d.density

6. The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called

a.sensitivity b.density c.resolution d.contrast

7. What does the term R/hr refer to when speaking of intensity

a. Radiation limits for human b. Roentgens per hour c. x-rays per hour d. Radiation

8. A curie is the equivalent of

a. 0.001milicurie b. 1000 millicurie c. 1000 mega curie d. 100 mega curie

9. The most common material used to provide protection against x-ray

a.high density brick b. heavy alloy c. lead d. tungsten

10. The small area in the x-ray tube from which the radiation emanates is called the
a. diaphragm b. focal spot c. focusing cup d. cathode

11. In making an isotope exposure in an unshielded are you find the dose rate 6 feet from the source is
1200 mr/hr what would be the dose rate at 24 feet
a. 75mr/hr b. 100mr/hr c. 200 mr/hr d.300 mr/hr

12. The metal that forms the image on an x-ray film is

a. tin b. silver c. tungsten d. iron

13. The density of radiograph image refers to

a. The thickness of the film b. the thickness of the specimen c. the weight of the film
d. the degree of blackening

14. The Primary parts of an atom are

a. proton, nutrino, election b. proton, election, gammaray c. proton, electron, neutron d. none of
the above

15. X-rays and gammarays always travel in

a. pairs b. orbital spheres c.straight lines d. none of the above

16. Approximately what percent of the original radioactivity is left after six half lives
a. 0.005 b. 10 c. 33.3 d.2
 17. The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is
a. 186000 mps b. 18600mps c. 1860 mps d. 186 mps

18. When radiograph to the 2-2T quality level, An ASTM penetrameter for 2.5 inch thick steel has a
thickness of
a. 1.5 inch b. 2.5 mils c. 5 mils d. 50 mils

19.When radiograph , 1.5inch thick steel plate to the 2-2T quality level using 15inch sfd would be made
of
a. 5mil b.50mil c.10mil d.2mil

20. Assume that a radioisotope source has an emission rate of 500mr/hr/ci at 1 meter. If an 8 ci source
is used , determined the dosage rate at 2 feet
a. 4000mr/hr b. 1000mr/hr c. 2000mr/hr d. 3000 mr/hr

21. Approximately how long would it take for 10 curie cobalt-60 source decay to 2.5 curie
a. 5.3 days b. 5.3 years c. 10.6 years d. none of the above

22. Determine the geometric unsharpness . Maxm specimen thickness is 1.5 inches , source to film
distance is 40 inches and the focal spot size is 1mm.
a. 0.010mm b. 0.100mm c.0.04mm d.0.25mm

23. If the geometric unsharpness achieved is 0.25mm, the sfd was 20inch the source size is 2mm what
is the job thickness
a.47.6mm b.2.1inch c.50.6mm d.none of the above

24. For the job thickness of 16mm, to have 2% sensitivity , the visible wire is

a. 0.32mm dia b. 11th wire c. 0.160mm dia D. both a & b above

25. Output of source at 1 meter distance is 1.44r/hr. this is source is kept at the center of a lead
sphere. Thickness of lead sphere is equivalent to 3 HVT and radius is 1 meter. What is the minimum
cordoning of distance recommended if safe level of radiation is 0.2mr/hr

a. 85 metres b. 60 metres c. 30 metres d. 35 metres

26. 30mm thick plate was radiographer with a source of size 2mm. SFD 750mm and density of 2 was
achieved. Exposure time was 25 minutes. Similar radiograph of same plate was take with same
source with 9 minutes exposure time by changing SFD. The new SFD

a. 270mm b. 450mm c. 600mm d. 550mm

27.The half value thickness of a certain material for specific radiation source is 20mm. What will be the
tenth value thickness for the same
a. 3.3cms b. 6.6.cms c 4.06 cms d. 6.6mms

28. An unshielded isotope source gives a dosage rate of 900 mr/hr at 10 feet what would be the
unshielded dosage rate at 30 feet
a. 300 mr/hr b.600 mr/hr c. 100 mr/hr d. 2700mr/hr

29. While taking radiograph (elliptical) of 2 inch dia pipe, the minimum exposure shall be
a. two exposures with an overlap of 1 inch
b. two exposures at 90 deg to each other
c. at the will of radiographer
d. as per the instruction of inspector
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING LEVEL-II QUESTION PAPER

GENERAL

1.Cobalt-60 used in non destructive testing emits

b. alpha particles b. neutrons c. gamma rays d. x-rays

2. The penetrating ability of an x-ray is governed by

a. kilovoltage b. time c. milliamperage d. source to film distance

3. A densitometer is an instrument for measuring

b. x-ray intensity b. film density c. density of a material d. tube current

4. when radiograph to the 2-2T quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 1/2inch thick 2024 aluminium
alloy has a thickness of
b. 2 mils b. 5mils c. 10 mils d. 8 mils

5. Movement, geometry and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic
a.contrast b.unsharpness c.reticulation d.density

6. The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called

a.sensitivity b.density c.resolution d.contrast

7. What does the term R/hr refer to when speaking of intensity

b. Radiation limits for human b. Roentgens per hour c. x-rays per hour d. Radiation

8. A curie is the equivalent of

b. 0.001milicurie b. 1000 millicurie c. 1000 mega curie d. 100 mega curie

9. The most common material used to provide protection against x-ray

a.high density brick b. heavy alloy c. lead d. tungsten

10. The small area in the x-ray tube from which the radiation emanates is called the
b. diaphragm b. focal spot c. focusing cup d. cathode

11. In making an isotope exposure in an unshielded are you find the dose rate 6 feet from the source is
1200 mr/hr what would be the dose rate at 24 feet
b. 75mr/hr b. 100mr/hr c. 200 mr/hr d.300 mr/hr

12. The metal that forms the image on an x-ray film is

a. tin b. silver c. tungsten d. iron

13. The density of radiograph image refers to

b. The thickness of the film b. the thickness of the specimen c. the weight of the film
d. the degree of blackening

14. The Primary parts of an atom are

b. proton, nutrino, election b. proton, election, gammaray c. proton, electron, neutron d. none of
the above

15. X-rays and gammarays always travel in

b. pairs b. orbital spheres c.straight lines d. none of the above

16. Approximately what percent of the original radioactivity is left after six half lives
b. 0.005 b. 10 c. 33.3 d.2
 17. The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is
b. 186000 mps b. 18600mps c. 1860 mps d. 186 mps

18. When radiograph to the 2-2T quality level, An ASTM penetrameter for 2.5 inch thick steel has a
thickness of
b. 1.5 inch b. 2.5 mils c. 5 mils d. 50 mils

19.When radiograph , 1.5inch thick steel plate to the 2-2T quality level using 15inch sfd would be made
of
b. 5mil b.50mil c.10mil d.2mil

20. Assume that a radioisotope source has an emission rate of 500mr/hr/ci at 1 meter. If an 8 ci source
is used , determined the dosage rate at 2 feet
b. 4000mr/hr b. 1000mr/hr c. 2000mr/hr d. 3000 mr/hr

21. Approximately how long would it take for 10 curie cobalt-60 source decay to 2.5 curie
b. 5.3 days b. 5.3 years c. 10.6 years d. none of the above

22. Determine the geometric unsharpness . Maxm specimen thickness is 1.5 inches , source to film
distance is 40 inches and the focal spot size is 1mm.
b. 0.010mm b. 0.100mm c.0.04mm d.0.25mm

23. If the geometric unsharpness achieved is 0.25mm, the sfd was 20inch the source size is 2mm what
is the job thickness
a.47.6mm b.2.1inch c.50.6mm d.none of the above

24. For the job thickness of 16mm, to have 2% sensitivity , the visible wire is

b. 0.32mm dia b. 11th wire c. 0.160mm dia D. both a & b above

25. Output of source at 1 meter distance is 1.44r/hr. this is source is kept at the center of a lead
sphere. Thickness of lead sphere is equivalent to 3 HVT and radius is 1 meter. What is the minimum
cordoning of distance recommended if safe level of radiation is 0.2mr/hr

b. 85 metres b. 60 metres c. 30 metres d. 35 metres

26. 30mm thick plate was radiographer with a source of size 2mm. SFD 750mm and density of 2 was
achieved. Exposure time was 25 minutes. Similar radiograph of same plate was take with same
source with 9 minutes exposure time by changing SFD. The new SFD

b. 270mm b. 450mm c. 600mm d. 550mm

27.The half value thickness of a certain material for specific radiation source is 20mm. What will be the
tenth value thickness for the same
b. 3.3cms b. 6.6.cms c 4.06 cms d. 6.6mms

28. An unshielded isotope source gives a dosage rate of 900 mr/hr at 10 feet what would be the
unshielded dosage rate at 30 feet
b. 300 mr/hr b.600 mr/hr c. 100 mr/hr d. 2700mr/hr

29. While taking radiograph (elliptical) of 2 inch dia pipe, the minimum exposure shall be
e. two exposures with an overlap of 1 inch
f. two exposures at 90 deg to each other
g. at the will of radiographer
h. as per the instruction of inspector
RADIOGRAPHY TESTING- LEVEL-II QUESTION PAPER
GENERAL (SET-1)

1. Output of source at 1 meter distance is 1.44R/hr. The source is kept at the center of a lead sphere .
Thickness of lead sphere is equivalent to 3 HVT and radius 1 meter. What is the minimum cordoning of
distance recommended if safe level of radiation is 0.2mr/hr
a. 85 meters
b. 60meters
c. 30 meters
d. 35 meters

2. 30mm thick plate was radiographer with a source size of 2mm . SFD 750mm and density of 2 was
achieved. Exposure time was 25 minutes. Similar radiograph of same plate was taken with same source
with 9 minutes exposure time by changing SFD . The new SFD
a. 270mm
b. 450mm
c. 600mm
d. 550mm

3. Images of discontinuities close to the source side of the object go on reducing in definition as
a. source to object distance increases
b. the thickness of the object increases
c. the thickness of the object decreases
d. object and film distance decreases

4. The half value thickness of a certain material for a specific radiation source is 20mm. What will be the
tenth value thickness for the same
a. 3.3cms
b. 6.6.cms
c. 4.06cms
d. 6.6mms

5. An unshielded isotope source gives a dosage rate of 900mr per hour at 10 feet. What would the
unshielded dosage rate at 30 feet
a. 300 mr/hr
b. 600 mr/hr
c. 100 mr/hr
d. 2700 mr/hr

6. In making an isotope exposure in an unshielded are you find the dose rate 6 feet from the source is
1200 mr/hr what would be the dose rate at 24 feet
a. 75mr/hr
b. 100mr/hr
c. 200 mr/hr
d. 300 mr/hr

7. when radiograph to the 2-2T quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 1/2inch thick 2024 aluminium
alloy has a thickness of
a. 2 mils
b. 5mils
c. 10 mils
d. 8 mils
8. Assume that a radioisotope source has an emission rate of 500mr/hr/ci at 1 meter. If an 8 ci source is
used , determined the dosage rate at 2 feet
a. 4000mr/hr
b. 1000mr/hr
c. 2000mr/hr
d. 3000 mr/hr

9. Approximately how long would it take for 10 curie cobalt-60 source decay to 2.5 curie
a 5.3 days
b. 5.3 years
c. 10.6 years
d. none of the above

10. Determine the geometric unsharpness . Maxm specimen thickness is 1.5 inches , source to film
distance is 40 inches and the focal spot size is 1mm.
a. 0.010mm
b. 0.100mm
c. 0.04mm
d. 0.25mm

11. If the geometric unsharpness achieved is 0.25mm, the sfd was 20inch the source size is 2mm what is
the job thickness
a.47.6mm
b.2.2inch
c.50.6mm
d.4 inches

12. Cobalt-60 used in non destructive testing emits

a. alpha particles
b. neutrons
c. gamma rays
d. x-rays

13. The penetrating ability of an x-ray is governed by

a. kilovoltage
b. time
c. milliamperage
d. source to film distance

14. The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called

a.sensitivity
b.density
c.resolution
d.contrast

15. What does the term R/hr refer to when speaking of intensity
a. Radiation limits for human
b. Roentgens per hour
c. x-rays per hour
d. Radiation

16. A curie is the equivalent of

a. 0.001milicurie
b. 1000 millicurie
c. 1000 mega curie
d. 100 mega curie
17. The most common material used to provide protection against x-ray
a. high density brick
e. heavy alloy
f. lead
g. tungsten

18. Three liquids which are essential to process an exposed radiography film properly are
a. stop bath, acetic acid and water
b. developer,stop bath and hydrogen peroxide
c. developer fixer and water
d. acetic acid, fixer and stop bath

19. Which of the following is an advantage with gamma rays as compared to x-rays
a. simplicity of apparatus
b. compactness of the radiation source
c. independence from electrical power
d. all of the above

20. The approximate radiographic equivalence factors for steel and copper at 220Kv are 1.0 and 1.4
respectively. If it is desirable to radiograph a 0.8inch copper plate what thickness of steel would require
about the same exposure characteristics
a. 1.12 inches of steel
b. 0.7 inches of steel
c. 1.4 inches of steel
d. 1.0 inches of steel

21. The half value layer of lead for Ir-192 is approximately 5mm. If the radiation level on the source side
of a 15mm lead plate is 640 mr/hr, the radiation level on the other side of the plate is
a. 80mr/hr
b. 320r/hr
c. 640mr/hr
d. 160mr/hr

22. Which of the following is not a factor in determining subject contrast

a. nature of specimen
b. the radiation quality used
c. type of film used
d. intensity and distribution of the scattered radiation

23. The function of a film interpreter is to

a. find perfect parts which contain no discontinuities
b. reject parts
c. identify discontinuities and manufacturing deviations which do not meet the applicable code or
specification standards
d. determine if the proper technique has been used during an exposure
e. both c and d

24. Which of the following x-ray generators would produce the narrowest cone of x-radiation
a. 10Mev
b. 15Mev
c. 25Mev
d. 1Mev
25. The quantity of radiation striking a unit area of film
a. is the product of radiation intensity and time
b. is the intensity per unit of time
c. is directly proportional to intensity and inversely proportional to time
d. varies exponentially

26. The specific activity of cobalt-60 depends on

a. the time the material has been in the reactor
b. the atomic number of the material
c. the gamma ray flux to which it was exposed
d. the young’s modulus value of the material

27. The kilo voltage applied to an x-ray tube affects

a. the quality of beam
b. the intensity of beam
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

28. The primary form of energy conversion when electrons strike a target in an x-ray tube results in the
production of
a. primary x-rays
b. secondary x-rays
c. short wavelenth x-rays
d. heat

29. Which has the shortest wavelength

a. visible light
b. microwaves
c. 100 Kv peak x-rays
d. infrared radiation

30. Beta particles are

a. neutrons
b. protons
c. electrons
d. positrons

31. Movement, geometry and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic
a.contrast
b.unsharpness
c.reticulation
d.density

32. The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of
a. subject contrast
b. radiographic definition
c. radiographic contrast
d. film contrast

33. When producing radiograph if the Kv is increased

a. the subject contrast decreases
b. the film contrast decreases
c. the subject contrast increases
d. the film contrast increases
34. Very short wavelength electromagnetic radition produced when electrons traveling at high speeds
collide with matter is called
a. x-radiation
b. beta radiation
c. gamma radiation
d. none of the above

35. A graph showing the relation between material thickness, kilovoltage and exposure is called
a. bar chart
b. an exposure chart
c. a characteristic curve
d. an H & D curve

36. The exposure of area to x- or gamma radiation can be monitored by means of

a. film badges
b. dosimeters
c. surveymeter
d. all of the above

37. A penetrameter is used to indicate

a. the size of discontinuities in a part
b. the density of film
c. the amount of film contrast
d. the quality of the radiographic technique

38. The difference between the densities of two area of a radiograph is called
a. radiographic contrast
b. subject contrast
c. film contrast
d. definition

39. The two most common causes for excessively high density radiographs are
a. insufficient washing and over development
b. contaminated fixer and insufficnet washing
c. over exposure and contaminated fixer
d. over exposure and over development

40. The most widely used unit of measurement for measuring the rate at which the output of gamma ray
source decays is the
a. curie
b. rontgen
c. half life
d. Mev.
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING LEVEL-II QUESTION PAPER

SPECIFIC

1. Which of the following are important parameters which are required to be incorporated in report

a. exposure time
b. source to film distance
c. film used
d. all of the above

2. Location markers which are to appear as radiographic image on the film shall be

a. placed on the part

b. placed on the exposure holder
c. either a or b
d. none of the above

3. Lead location markers should be placed

a. at random
b. at clearly marked intervals
c. anyway so that full job weld is covered
d. any of the above

4. The minimum dimesion of back scatter check symbol B are

a. not given in procedure

b. height of minimum 0.5inch and 1/16inch in thickness
c. depend on availiability
d. none of the above

5. As regard placement of penetrameter following statements are true

a. as far as possible penetrameter should be placed on the source side

b. where in accessibility prevents placement on source side, it shall be placed on film side along
with lead letter F
c. when geometry of the part to be radiographer does not permit the placement of penetrameter the
penetrameter shall be place on a separate block of same radiographic density
d. all of the above

6. Viewing facility in a viewing room should be such that

a. The room must be completely dark

b. Shall provide subdued background lightint of an intensity that will not cause reflection on film
c. At inspectors convenience
d. None of the above

7. The geometric unsharpness for job of 2 inch in thickness shall not exceed

a. 0.020 inches
b. 0.02mm
c. 0.2mm
 d. 0.030inches

8.The recommended technique can be

a. whenever practical SWSI shall be used

b. when it is not practical for SWSI, DWSI shall be used
c. for welds in components 3.5inch or less in nominal outside dia DWDI shall be used
d. all of the above

9. For a welder test plate of thickness 24mm, the ASME penetrameter shall be

a. 25
b. 20
c. 17
d. either a or b

10. The minimum recommended thickness which can be radiograph with IR-192

a. 0.75 inches
b. 0.25inches
c. 0.75inches minimum thickness can be reduced if desired sensitivity is achieved
d. thickness is immaterial

11. This procedure is applicable for radiography of

a. welds of pipelines, process piping

b. welds of vessels
c. castings
d. both a and b

12. The radiography personnel conducting radiography shall be qualified as

a. Level-I
b. Should be qualified as per Atomic energy establishment act RPR 1971
c. Level-II
d. Both a and b

13. while taking radiograph (elliptical) of 2 inch dia pipe, the minimum exposure shall be

a. two exposures with an overlap of 1 inch

b. two exposures at 90 deg to each other
c. at the will of radiographer
d. as per the instruction of inspector

14. After repeated exposures I was not possible to achieve required sensitivity with IR-192 & class-I film
then

a. radiograph must be retaken using co-60

b. radiograph must be retaken with increased SFD
c. radiograph must be retaken with x-rays
d. this job is not suitable for radiography

15. When using wire type penetrameter the penetrameter shall be placed such that

a. the thinnest wire is away from the central beam of the radiation
b. the wire are at 90 deg to the weld seam
 c. the wire should be parallel to the weld seam
d. both a and b

16. If the geometric unsharpness achieved is 0.25mm, the SFD was 20inch the source size used is 2mm
what is the thickness

a. 47.6mm
b. 2.1inch
c. 50.6mm
d. none of the above

17. For the job thickness of 16mm, to have 2% sensitivity using DIN wire type penetrameter, the visible
wire is

a. 0.32mm dia
b. 11th wire
c. 0.160mm dia
d. both a and b

18. The radiography personnel conducting radiography must

a. cordon of the radiation area

b. carry operable surveymeter
c. carry pocket dosimeter and wear TLD
d. all of the above

19. The sensitivity qualifyinf hole in the penetrameter is the

a.1T
b.2T
c.4T
d. any of the above

20. Shims are used to

a. Increase the sensitivity

b. Simulate weld reinforcement
c. Equalize the density with the weld image
d. All of the above

INDUSTRIAL X-RAY & ALLIED RADIOGRAPHERS (I) P.LTD

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING ( LEVEL-I)

GENERAL

1. A densitometer is an instrument for measuring

A. x-ray intensity
B. film density
C. density of a material
D. tube current

2. The voltage and waveform applied to the x-ray tube by a high voltage transformer primarily determines the

A. quantity of radiation
B. duration of exposure
C. penetrating ability
D. x-ray beam divergence

3. In order to increase the intensity of X-radiation

A. The tube current should be increased

B. The tube current should be decreased
C. The test specimen should be moved further from the film
D. A lower kv should be applied to the tube

4. A general rule often employed for determining the kv to be used when x-raying a part is
A. the kv should be as high as other factors will permit
B. the kv should be as low as other factors will permit
C. the kv is always a fixed value and cannot be changed
D. the kv is not an important variable

5. The small area in the x-ray tube from which the radiation emits is called the

A. diaphragm
B. focal spot
C. focusing cup
D. cathode

6. A graph showing the relation between material thickness, kv and exposure is called

A. a bar chart
B. an exposure chart
C. a characteristic curve
D. a H&D CURVE

7. A photographic image recroded by the passage of x or gamma rays through a specimen on a film is called a
A. fluoroscopic image
B. radiograph
C. isotopic reproduction
D. none of the above

8. The intensity of x or gamma radiation is measured in

A. roentgens
B. ergs
C. rontengs per unit time
D. H& D units

9. A thin metallic sheet ( brass, copper, aluminium etc ) placed at the source
To reduce the effects of softer radiation is known as

A. an intensifying scree
B. a filter
C. an electron inducer
D. a focusing cup

10. The reason a shim is used in radiographic setup is to

A. Improve the penetrameter image

B. Reduce diffraction
C. Simulate weld reinforcement
D. Intensify the image

11. The image of required penetrameter and hole on the radiograph indicates that the radiograph has the required

A. contrast
B. definition
C. sensitivity
D. latitude

12. X-rays and gamma rays always travel in

A. pairs
B. orbital spheres
C. straight lines
D. none of the above

13. To produce x-rays, electrons are accelerated to a high velocity by an electrical field and then suddeenly stopped
by a collision with a solid body is called

A. cathode
B. filament
C. target
D. generator

14. Gamma and x-radiation interact with matter and may be absorbed by

A. photoelectric absorption
B. compton scattering
C. pair production
D. all of the above

15. What does the term R/hr refer when speaking of itnensity?

A. Radiation limits for humans

B. Roentgen per hour
C. X-rays per hour
D. Radiation in hydrogen

16. The ability to detect a small discontinuity is called

A. radiographic contrast
B. radiographic sensitivity
C. radiographic density
D. radiographic resolution

17. Which does would be dangerous if not fatal, if applied to the entire body in a short period of time

A. 1.5 to 15R
B. 25 to 70R
C. 200 to 800R
D. all of the above doeses would be dangerous

18. X-ray tube current is controlled by

A. the current passing through the filament

B. the distance from the cathode to anode
C. the type of material used in the target
D. the voltage and waveform applied to the x-ray tube

19. Radiographic sensitivity, in the context of the minimum detectable flaw size, depends on

A. fixed size of the screen

B. the unsharpness of the flaw image
C. the contrast of the flaw image
D. all three of the above

20. The basic difference in x-ray and gamma rays is

A. x-rays have better penetration

B. gamma rays are hazardous
C. their origin
D. none of the above

21. In order to decreased geometric unsharpness

A. radiation should proceed from as small a focal spot as other considerations will allow
B. radiation should proceed from as large a focal sport as other considerations will allow
C. the film should be as far as possible from the object being radiogrpahed
D. the distance from the anode to the material examined should as small as is practical

22. Any of the body tissues may be injured by excessive exposure to x or gamma rays but particularly sensitive are

A. blood
B. lens of the eye
C. internal organs
D. all of the above

23. If an exposure time of 60 secs was necessary using a 4 foot SFD for a particular exposure what time would be
necessary if a 2 foot SFD is used and all other variables remain the same

A. 120 secs
B. 30secs
C. 15 secs
D. 240 secs

24. Lead foil screens are used in radiography

A. to imrpove the quality of radiography by preferentially reducing the effect of scatter radiation
B. to reduce the exposure time
C. both A and B reasons for using lead foil screens
D. Neither A nor B are reasons for using lead foil screens

25. Six half value layers will reduce an exposure of 128 mr/hr to

A. 128 mr/hr
B. 10.7 mr/hr
C. 2 mr/hr
D. 4mr/hr

26. Light rays and x or gamma rays travel with the same velocity but only x and gamma rays have the penetrating
ability, assign the correct reasons
A. they do not travel with the same velocity
B. x-rays or gamma rays have very short wavelengths
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

27. The most common material used to provide protection against x rays are

A. high density brick

B. an alloy of 70 percent steel and 30 percent copper
C. tungsten
D. lead

28. The exposure of personnel to x and gamma radiation can be monitored by means of

A. film badges
B. dosimeters
C. radiation exposure survey meters
D. all of the above

29. The process in which the photon is absorbed and in turns gives an electorn is called as

A. pair production
B. compton scattering
C. attenuation
D. photoelectric effect

30. A sheet of lead with an opening cut in the shapre of the part to be radiographed may be used to decreased the
effect of scattered radiation which undercuts the specimens. Such a device is called

A. a mask
B. a filter
C. a backscatter absorber
D. a lead foil screen

31. For best results when manually processing film, solutions should be maintained within a temperature range of

A. 18.c to 22.c
B. 65 to 75.c
C. 22 to 30.c
D. 14 to 19.c

32. Beta particles are

A. neutrons
B. protons
C. electrons
D. positrons

33. Alpha radiations are essentially

A. protons
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. Helium nuclei
34. which has the shortest wavelength

A. visible light
B. microwaves
C. 100kv peak x-rays
D. infrared radiations

35. The density difference between two selected portions of a radiograph is known as

A. unsharpness
B. radiographic contrast
C. specific activity
D. subject density

36. The metal that forms the image on an x-ray fil is

A. tin
B. silver
C. tungsten
D. iron

37. The best x-rays efficiency is produced when the target materials has

A. low atomic number

B. a high atomic number
C. a low hardness
D. a high hardness

38. The three main steps in processing a radiograph are

A. developing,frilling and fixation

B. developing, fixation and washing
C. exposure, developing and fixation
D. developing, reticulating and fixation

39. Unexposred boxes of x ray film should be stored

A. flat
B. on edge or end
C. in a pile
D. it doesn't matter

40. The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of

A. subject contrast
B. radiographic definition
C. radiographic contrast
D. film contrast
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY & ALLIED RADIOGRAPHERS (I) P.LTD

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING LEVEL- I (SPECIFIC)

The answers to these questions must be given with reference to

RT procedure no RT/PW/100 Rev.0.

1. Which of the following are important parameters which are required to be incorporated in report:

A. exposure time
B. source to film distance
C. film used
D. all of the above

2. Location markers which are to appear as radiographic image on the film shall be

A. placed on the part

B. placed on the exposure holder
C. either a or b
D. none of the above

3. Lead location markers should be placed

A. at random
B. at clearly marked intervals
C. anyway so that full job/ weld is covered
D. any of the above

4. The minimum dimensions of back scatter check symbol ' B' are

A. not given in procedure

B. height of minimum 0.5 inch and 1/16 inch in thickness
C. depend on availiability
D. none of the above

5. As regard placement of penetramter following statements are true:

a. as far as possible penetrameter should be placed on the source side

b. where in accessibility prevents placement on source side, it shall be placed on film side alongwith lead letter f.
c. when geometry of the part to be radiographed does not permit the placement of penetramter, the penetramter shall
be place on a separate block of same radiographic density.
d. All a,b and c are correct

6. Viewing facility in a viewing room should be such that

A. the room must be completely dark

B. shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause reflection on film
C. at inspectors convenience
D. none of the above

7. the Ug for job of 2inch in thickness shall not exceed:

A. 0.020 inches
B. 0.02mm
C. 0.2mm
D. 0.030inches

8. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image shall be between

A. 1.8 to 2.5 through the area of interest

B. 1.8 to 2.5 through the body of penetramter
C. both a and b
D. none of the above

9. Additional penetramers shall be used when:

A. the density varies more than-15% or +30% from the density through the penetrameter
B. the density varies more than -15% or +30% from the density through the area of interest
C. if density varies more than +15% or -30% from the body of the penetrameter
D. in any of the above case

10. the recommended technique can be

A. whenever practical SWSI shall be used

B. When it is not practical for SWSI, DWSI shall be used
C. For welds in components 3.5 inch or less in nominal outside dia DWDI shall be used
D. All of the above are applicable

11. For a welder test place of thickness 24 mm, the ASME plaque type penetrameter shall be

A. 25
B. 20
C. 17
D. either a or b

12. The minimum recommended thickness which can be radiographer with IR-192

A. 0.75inches
B. 0.25inches
C. 0.75 inches minimum thickness can be reduced if desired sensitivity is achieved
D. thickness is immaterial

13. This procedure is applicable for radiography of

A. welds of pipelines, process piping

B. welds of vessels
C. castings
D. both a and b above

14. The radiography perosnnel conducting radiography shall be qualified as

A. Level-I
B. Should be qualified as per Atomic energy establishment act RPR 1971
C. Level II
D. Both a and b above

15. While taking radiograph (eliptical) of 2 inch dia pipe, the minimum exposure shall be

A. two exposures with an overlap of 1inch

B. two exposures at 90. To each other
C. at the will of radiographer
D. as per the instruction of inspector

16. After repeated exposures it was not possible to achieve required sensitivity with IR-192 & class I film then

A. radiograph must be retaken using co-60

B. radiograph must be retaken with increased SFD
C. radiograph must be retaken with x-rays
D. this job is not suitable for radiography

17. When using wire type penetrameter the penetrameter shall be placed such that

A. the thinnest wire is away from the central beam of the radiation
B. the wire are at 90. To the weld seam
C. the wire should be parallel to the weld seam
D. both a and b above

18. If the Ug achieved is 0.25mm, the SFD was 20inch, the source size used is 2mm what is the thickness

A. 47.6mm
B. 2.1inch
C. 50.6mm
D. none of the above

19. For the job thickness of 16mm, to have 2% sensitivity using DIN wire type penetrameter, the visible wire is

A. 0.32mm dia
B. 11th wire
C. 0.160 mm dia
D. both a &b above

20. The radiography personnel conducting radiography must

A. cordon of the radiation area

B. carry operable surveymeter
C. carry pocket dosimeter and wear TLD
D. all of the above

QUESTIONS FOR CERTIFIED RADIOGRAPHER COURSE

1. The voltage and waveform applied to the x-ray tube by a high voltage transformer primarily determines the

A. quantity of radiation
B. duration of exposure
C. penetrating ability
D. x-ray beam divergence

2. In order to increase the intensity of X-radiation

A. The tube current should be increased
B. The tube current should be decreased
C. The test specimen should be moved further from the film
D. A lower kv should be applied to the tube

3. A general rule often employed for determining the kv to be used when x-raying a part is
A. the kv should be as high as other factors will permit
B. the kv should be as low as other factors will permit
C. the kv is always a fixed value and cannot be changed
D. the kv is not an important variable

4. The small area in the x-ray tube from which the radiation emits is called the

A. diaphragm
B. focal spot
C. focusing cup
D. cathode

5. A graph showing the relation between material thickness, kv and exposure is called

A. a bar chart
B. an exposure chart
C. a characteristic curve
D. a H&D CURVE

6. A photographic image recroded by the passage of x or gamma rays through a specimen on a film is called a

A. fluoroscopic image
B. radiograph
C. isotopic reproduction
D. none of the above

7. The intensity of x or gamma radiation is measured in

A. roentgens
B. ergs
C. rontengs per unit time
D. H& D units

8. X-rays and gamma rays always travel in

A. pairs
B. orbital spheres
C. straight lines
D. none of the above
9. To produce x-rays, electrons are accelerated to a high velocity by an electrical field and then suddeenly stopped
by a collision with a solid body is called

A.cathode
B.filament
A. target
B. generator

10. Gamma and x-radiation interact with matter and may be absorbed by

A.photoelectric absorption
A. compton scattering
B. pair production
C. all of the above

11. X-ray tube current is controlled by

A.the current passing through the filament

B.the distance from the cathode to anode
C.the type of material used in the target
D.the voltage and waveform applied to the x-ray tube

12. The basic difference in x-ray and gamma rays is

A. x-rays have better penetration

B. gamma rays are hazardous
C. their origin
D. none of the above

13. Light rays and x or gamma rays travel with the same velocity but only x and gamma rays have the penetrating
ability, assign the correct reasons

A. they do not travel with the same velocity

B. x-rays or gamma rays have very short wavelengths
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

14. Beta particles are

A. neutrons
B. protons
C. electrons
D. positrons

15. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR IR-RADIOISOTOPE IS

A. (n,beta)
B. (n,gamma)
C. (n,alpha)
D. none of the above

16. which has the shortest wavelength

A. visible light
B. microwaves
C. 100kv peak x-rays
A. infrared radiations

17. The metal that forms the image on an x-ray film is

A. tin
B. silver
C. tungsten
B. iron

18. . The best x-rays efficiency is produced when the target materials has

A. low atomic number

B. a high atomic number
C. a low hardness
D. a high hardness

19.FILL THE FOLLOWING TABLE

Sr.no Name of Gamma source Average energy RHM Half life

1. A x-ray machine is operated at 180 Kv 2 ma for 8 mins to achieve the required intensity.
What will be exposure time a) If machine is operated at 4 mA at 180 Kv
b) If machine is operated at 6mA and 140Kv

RADIOGRAPHIC SAMPLE SPECIFICATION

1. SCOPE
This specification is to be used for the radiographic examination of butt welds in 1/4inch to 2 inch thick plates

2. MATERIAL
Carbon steel

3. SURFACE REQUIREMENTS
Prepared mechanically to eliminate surface irregularities whose image could interfere with proper interpretation

4. RADIATION SOURCE
X or gamma radiation as specified in Table-1

5. FILM
Type II ( fine grain) or better

Table-1
Material thickness voltage (Max.) Ir-192 (Max) Co-60(Max)

0.250 in. to less than 0.750in 400Kv 50ci

0.750in to less than 1.5in 2 Mev 100 ci
1.5in to 2.0in 4Mev 100 ci 100 ci

6. TECHNIQUE
6.1 Single wall : utilizing single or double film viewing of finished radiographs
6.2 Source to Film distance : a minimum of 24inch SFD shall be maintained
6.3 Screens : lead intensification screens should be used for all exposures.
6.4 Backscatter indicator : a ½ in high by 1/16in thick lead letter B attached back of the cassette
6.5 Penetrameters : the applicable penetrameters shall be based on the nominal single wall thickness plus weld
reinforcement. Select from Table-II
6.6 Penetrameter Placement : source side of object being examined 1/8inch to 3/4inch from edge of weld at the
extremities
6.7 Shims : as required to have the same nominal thickness under the penetrameter as the total thickness of the weld
plus reinforcement or backing strips. Backing strips or bars are not to be considered as part of the weld or
reinforcement for determination of penetrameter size.

TABLE-II
Nominal single Penetrameter Thickness Essential hole Diameter
wall Material
thickness (in)
Up to 0.25 7 0.007 2T 0.020
0.25-0.375 10 0.010 2T 0.020
0.375-0.50 12 0.012 2T 0.025
Over 0.50-0.625 15 0.015 2T 0.030
Over 0.625-0.750 17 0.017 2T 0.035
Over 0.750-0.875 20 0.020 2T 0.040
Over 0.875-1.00 25 0.025 2T 0.050
Over 1.00-1.25 30 0.030 2T 0.060
Over 1.25-1.50 35 0.035 2T 0.070
Over 1.50-2.00 40 0.040 2T 0.080
Over 2.00-2.50 45 0.045 2T 0.090

7. DENSITY

Single film viewing- 2.0 to 3.8

Double film viewing- 2.6 to 3.8
The density of the radiograph in the area of interest shall not vary by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the
density through the body of the penetrameter

8. SENSITIVITY

The essential hole (2T) and the image of the penetrameter shall be visible

9. FILM PROCESSING
Manual or automatic processing is acceptable

10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

All welds and adjacent material shall be free of
Cracks,incomplete penetration,incomplete fusion
Slag inclusion in 6inches of length
Material thickness 1/4into1/2-inclusion exceeding 1/8inch
1/2inch to 1 inch- inclusion exceeding 1/4inch
1 inch to 2 inch inclusions exceeding 3/8inch
Burn through
Porosity
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING LEVEL-II
SPECIFIC

PLEASE NOTE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FROM GIVEN SPECIFICATION

1. 3 inches thick carbon steel welds on a pressure vessel are to be radiographed, the preferred source is
a. co-60 100 ci
b. 4Mev x-ray
c. not covered under this specification
d. Ir-192
2. If surface irregularities are detected on the finished radiograph, which can mask the images of actual
discontinuities, the joint should be
a. rejected
b. the weld should be interpreted considering the images of the surface
c. the surface should be suitably dressed and radiograph retaken
d. any of the above

3. The minimum density of a finished radiograph is

a. 2
b. 1.8
c. 2.5
d. 3.5

4. The size of the backscatter detector B shall be

a. the lead letters used to mark the film identifications, etc
b. 12.7mm high by 1.6mm thick
c. both of the above
d. none of the above

5. Shims are used to

a. increase the sensitivity
b. simulate the weld reinforcement
c. equalize the density with the weld image
d. all of the above

6. The sensitivity qualifying hole in the penetrameter is the

a. 1T
b. 2T
c. 4T
d. any of the above

7. The size of the penetrameter to be selected is

a. to be calculated to 2% of part thickness
b. to be selected from the table-II
c. the reinforcement in the weld is also to be considered for the penetrameter selection
d. Both B and C above

8. The density on the body of the hole type penetrameter is measured to be 2. The density on the weld
is 15% below this reference

a. The density variation is within limit and the film is to be interpreted

b. The density variation is not acceptable and the film must be rejected
c. Density variation is not an essential parameter , hence radiograph is to be interpreted
d. None of the above
9. A 1/2inch stainless steel plate weld with ½ inch outside reinforcement, ground flush on the back side
was radiographed. Which of the following would be acceptable to the specification?
a. 250kv x-ray
b. 100 ci Ir-192
c. co-60 100 ci
d. none of the above

10. The following parameters were used when radiographing a 1/2inch thick plate weld with 1/2inch
reinforcement on the front and back side

Source- 100 ci ir-192, FFD –24inch, Film- class IV, screens-0.010 F/B, Penetrameter-20, shim-0.250in
This technique relative to the specification would result in
a. an acceptable radiograph
b. an excessive amount of unsharpness
c. an unacceptable radiograph
d. a radiograph showing poor contrast

11. A 1.625inch thick plate weld with 0.125inch outside reinforcement and 1/4inch thick backing bar is to
be radiographed. Select the proper combination of parameters
a. 400kv – 24in FFD- 45 penetrameter
b. 100 ci Ir 192- 30 in FFD – 30 penetrameter
c. 1Mev- 72in. FFD – 40 penetrameter
d. 25ci Co 60 – 20 in. FFD –25 penetrameter

12. From the preceding question. What would be recommended shim thickness ?
a. 1/2inch
b. 1/4inch
c. 3/8inch
d. 1/8inch

13. The density through the penetrameter was recorded at 1.8 (H&D) ( double viewing). Which of the
following readings or statements is correct for this exposure?
A. 1.3 to 2.07 (H&D) through area of interest
B. 1.44 to 2.16 (H&D) through area of interest
C. unacceptable technique
D. double viewing of film is required

14. The following discontinuities were noted on the radiograph of a 2 inch thick carbon steel plate:
Slag –1/8inch,1/4inch, 7/14inch
Porosity – 1/8inch
A. accept B. Reject

15. Inclusion recorded on a radiograph of 1 inch steel is 1/4inch in length, the indication is
A. acceptable B. Reject

16. The placement of penetrameter

a. at randomly intervals
b. 1/8inch to 3/4inch from edge of weld
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

17. This specification is used for radiographic examination of fillet welds of 1/4inch to 2 inch thick plates
a. this is valid technique
b. not covered under the specification
c. may be included
d. none of the above

18. Radiographic examination of butt weld pipe of 1/4inch to 2 inch thick

a. radiographed by iridium source
b. radiographed by cobalt source
c. radiographed by 4 Mev x-ray
d. none of the above

19. Minimum SFD required is 36inches for proper radiographic examination as per the specification
a. true b. false

20. Backing strips or bars are to be considered as part of weld reinforcement for Penetrameter size
a. true b. false