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The Development of Smart Dental Unit

Conference Paper · November 2018

DOI: 10.1109/BMEiCON.2018.8609925

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 The 2018 Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON-2018)

The Development of Smart Dental Unit

N.Torsutkanok*, N. Thongpance and A. Wongkamhamg.
College of Biomedical Engineering
Rangsit University
Phathumthani, Thailand 12000
e-mail : Naritcha.t@gmail.com*

Abstract— This development of smart dental unit is the display system for advanced prototype dental units and easy
collaboration between College of Biomedical Engineering, tracking of work through online communication leading to
Rangsit University and C.C. AUTOPART Co., Ltd. The purpose production and distribution among target customers in the
of this project is to develop the smart dental unit system to obtain future.
product certification for Thai Industrial Standard and reduce the
import of medical instruments from foreign country. The II. COMPONENT OF A TYPICAL DENTAL DENTAL UNIT
development process started from review, the research prototype
development and efficiency improvement that comply with the
Thai Industrial Standard. In this study, the research team
focused on the technical development process and the functional
corrections of the dental unit system in order to obtain the test
results conform with laboratory standards, which consists of two
main components as follows: (1) Structure of dental chair have
made from cast iron that can be operated by using
PIC18F26K22 microcontroller and (2) Online monitoring and
notification system which are; Water Pressure System in the
range of 2-8 Bar, Main Air Pressure in the range of 4–12 Bar, Air
Pressure of Dental Bur in the range of 2-6 Bar, Core Voltage in
the range of 184 - 240 VAC., Hydraulic system which has 100-300
mA., Solenoid Valve which active in the range of 100 -300 mA.,
Electric Current of Dental Lamp which has range between 100-
300 mA, Oil level (HL) and Safety Switch can save the data to the
server at a prescribed period of time from 1 to 30 minutes. The
preliminary test results of both parts were established from the Fig. 1. Typical characterization of dental unit components
NECTEC and PTEC labs, respectively. The results show that
they are in accordance with TIS 2610-2556 and the prototype has The main components of the dental unit are 1 3 parts,
the potential to a commercial product in near future. which can be divided into main components according to TIS
2610-2556 into 7 types are as follows:
Keyword — Development, Smart , Dental Unit, IOT 1. Dental Patient Chair is structured as a Z-Type can adjust the
backrest in different ways and adjustable height - low with
I. INTRODUCTION hydraulic system. Head Rest is support for occipital
prominence of the patient's head. There is system for
Currently, the dental clinic business in Thailand has
positioning ‘Preset’ and ‘Auto return’ and safety plate.
grown rapidly. Throughout the past 10 years, up to now, 80-
2. Dental Practice Chair must not have a piece of protruding to
90% of the entrepreneurs have imported dental structures that
prevent harm to patients and dental personnel.
are made of steel welded at a starting price of 200,000 Baht.
3. Dental Lamp without heat. Light intensity at focus not less
Long-term use can cause cracking at the weld. There are many
than 1 3 ,0 0 0 lux and not more than 2 8 ,0 0 0 lux. Color
key factors that affect the confidence and sustainability of the
temperature is between 3,600K - 6,500K . Focusing distance at
business for dental retailers and the distribution of dental units
operation point is not less than 50 centimeters and can be
throughout Thailand such as such as higher import costs from
adjusted both vertical and horizontal.
the global economy conditions, delay in importing devices and
4. Spittoon is made of a material that is resistant to cleaning
delayed maintenance services in remote areas. It has a huge
and disinfection. By using cleaning agents and disinfectants in
impact on the business, service and customer satisfaction.
a total of 2 0 times, it must not be damaged or scratched. It
Today, there is no use of wireless technology in online
requires automatic water control both weighted and time
monitoring of dental unit. For this reason, the research team
controlled.
has conducted a study to develop smart dental unit in Thailand
5. Suction system: It uses a suction force of high volume
by developing two main components: (1) structure of dental
suction no less than -80 mmHg and can operate
chair made of cast iron can operate with the application of
simultaneously with the saliva ejector and high volume
electronics are installed with the dental unit by using
systems.
PIC18F26K22 microcontroller and (2) online tracking and

978-1-5386-5724-9/17/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

6. Compressed air system is a system with appropriate
pressure for use of dental units. There is cable wrapping
equipment and pressure relief devices from all parts that may
be overloaded.
7. Handpiece dental control system has first priority and
reverses suction protection system can adjust water volume
and air pressure through the Needle Valve and has a pressure
gauge
III. DESIGN OF DENTAL UNIT
A. The dental unit structure under developed according to the
characteristics of Fig. 2
A) The side structure of dental chair
B) The prototype dental unit has been developed
Fig. 2. Overview of the Prototype Smart Dental Unit
The characteristics of the prototype dental unit developed
from Fig. 2 are as follows:
1. The structure of the dental unit is cast iron. Design is
domestically produced with dimensions of 640 x 2,500 x 750
mm. It can hold up to 150 kilogram.
2. The hydraulic system is used to adjust the height. It makes
the height adjustment is lighter stronger and get a lot of
weight.
3. Basin can be swiveled away from the chair up to 9 0
degrees.
4. Install safety switch system to patient chair in order to
prevent the pressure under the chair. Emergency switch is also
installed to control the manual chair in case of an error in the
microprocessor control system.
B. Block Diagram for displaying between control boards and
online data transmission
Fig. 3. Operation of the dental unit control and transmission system
The features of the dental unit control and delivery system
developed in Fig. 3 are as follows:
1. Control system developed with microprocessor
PIC18F26K22 with 10 bit of ADC and 64 kbyte internal
memory with C language program, which the dental unit uses
Sensor input devices to control and monitor vital information
of the dental unit such as: Water Pressure System, Main Air
Pressure, Air Pressure of Dental Bur, Core Voltage, Hydraulic,
Solenoid Valve, Dental Lamp, Oil level and Safety Switch
were consist of devices with the following features: 3 Pressure
Sensors ranged 0-12 Bar, 1 Voltage Sensor ranged 184-240
VAC., 3 Current Sensors 5 A. and 2 Limit Switches. The
dental unit control program can perform the functions are as
follows:
1.1 Microprocessor to control the hydraulic system adjustable
dental chairs.
1.2 The system is designed to recognize four positions of the
chair in advance so that the user can press a single button to
achieve the preset position.
1.3 The microprocessor system controls the water for gargle
and spittoon.
1.4 Dental unit lighting control system
1.5 Rotary bur control system can be adjusted to increase or
decrease the speed according to the amount of air pressure.
2. Microprocessor Development to connect to 3G Wi-Fi
Module and Database Server in order to receive measured data
from the sensor device in the input part to control and monitor
the display of the dental unit such as Water Pressure System
ranged 2-8 Bar, Main Air Pressure ranged 4 –1 2 Bar, Air
Pressure of Dental Bur ranged 2-6 Bar, Core Voltage ranged
184 - 240 VAC., Hydraulic ranged 100-300 mA., Solenoid
Valve ranged 100 -300 mA., Electric Current of Dental Lamp
ranged 100-300 mA, Oil level (HL) and Safety Switch. This
system can display notifications via the Web Browser in
responsive web that can be used in mobile phones, computer C. Online status monitoring of dental units
notebooks and PCs.

IV. THE RESULTS OF THE PROTOTYPE DENTAL UNIT

A. The performance of the tracking system in the Login
section.
Fig. 4 illustrates the results of the login tests of the Dental
Tracking System Unit, the login will have to completely fill
Username and Password previously in every time.

Fig. 6. Online Status monitoring of dental unit

Fig. 4. Process of the motoring system in the login section. .
4.4 Test results of Smart Dental Unit
B. The System control settings of online dental units
The Electronic work settings to control the interior of the TABLE I. SHOW THE NUMBERS OF CHARACTERISTIC TESTING RESULTS OF
EQUIPMENT WITHIN A PROTOTYPE
dental unit, users can configure their electronic appliances to
suit their online usage such as Water Pressure System, Main National
Mean Test
No. Data list Values Testing
Air Pressure, Air Pressure of Dental Bur, Core Voltage, (n= 5) results
Agency
Hydraulic, Solenoid Valve, Dental Lamp, Oil level and Safety
1 Water Pressure 2.00 Bars 2.220 Bars Passed NECTEC
Switch, as shown in Fig. 5. 8.00 Bars 8.220 Bars Passed NECTEC
2 Main Air 4.00 Bars 4.663 Bars Passed NECTEC
Pressure 12.00 Bars 11.663 Bars Passed NECTEC
3 Air Pressure of 2.00 Bars 2.950 Bars Passed NECTEC
Dental Bur 6.00 Bars 5.663 Bars Passed NECTEC
4 Core Voltage 220 Volts 225.15 V. Passed NECTEC
5 Hydraulic 100 mA. 100.05 Passed NECTEC
mA.
300 mA. 300.15 Passed NECTEC
mA.
6 Solenoid Valve 100 mA. 100.62 Passed NECTEC
mA.
300 mA. 300.35 Passed NECTEC
mA.
7 Electric 100 mA. 100.33 Passed NECTEC
Current of mA.
Dental Lamp 500 mA. 500.07 Passed NECTEC
mA.
8 The prototype Conform to TIS - Passed PTEC
of the dental 2610: 2556
unit - Mechanical
- Chemistry
Fig. 5. Online Performance Test -Electrical
safety
9 Display and Login with user - Passed NECTEC
status system account
Display on - Passed NECTEC
dental units and
web
applications
Adjusting - Passed NECTEC
maximum /
minimum
 V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
For the development of smart dental unit to achieve re-
sults conformed to Thai Industrial Standard, the test results
from the NECTEC and PTEC labs consisted of two main com-
ponents were as follows: (1) Structure of dental chair made of
cast iron can operate with the application of electronics were
installed with the dental unit by using PIC18F26K22 microcon-
troller and (2) Online monitoring and notification system,
which test results were normal and conformed to Thai Industri-
al Standards (TIS 2610-2556).
According to the test results in Table I , users of smart
dental unit can order and monitor of electronic appliances
within the prototype smart dental unit via the web browser and
save the information in Fig. 6 to the server. Which system can
prescribe period of time from 1 to 30 minutes such as Water
Pressure System ranged 2-8 Bar, Main Air Pressure ranged 4–
1 2 Bar, Air Pressure of Dental Bur ranged 2-6 Bar, Core
Voltage ranged 184 - 240 VAC., Hydraulic ranged 100-300
mA., Solenoid Valve ranged 100 -300 mA., Electric Current
of Dental Lamp ranged 100-300 mA, Oil level and Safety
Switch. The system has been developed for using with the
smart dental unit can log in to mobile phones, notebooks and
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PCs, as shown in Fig. 4. As a result of the overall mechanical
and electrical tests, no defects were found as detailed in Table
1 . It is considered that, the study and development to the
prototype of the dental unit and display system are the use of
digital technology to improve the transition from the old
dental unit to a modern dental unit. It is easy to use and easy to
follow. It can also be developed for commercial purposes to
reduce imports from abroad in the future.
REFERENCES
[1] Narumon Inthasang, Thanakorn Yootho, A Study on The Design
and Construction of Dental Chair Controller for Dental Unit.,
College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, 2012
[2] Thanate Angsuwatanakul, Microprocessor and programming,
College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, 2011
[3] http:// Medi.moph.go.th/Center9/Toolman/08.pdf, 12 July 2012
[4] http://www.Innovation.go.th/Thai-Innovation-Register-Steps, 28
August 2018
[5] TIS 2610-2556, Industrial Standard for Dental Unit, Thai
Industrial Standards Institute (TISI), 2013
[6] ISO 13485:2003, Medical devices—Quality management
system, International Organization for Standardization, 2003.