Leal CE One eae THU OAT ONT AUDA es Chuong 4: KHT QUYEN I- Thoi tiét va khi hau 1 Thi ide vi je - Phan Thoi tiét (weather) va Khi hau (Climate) 8 2-Khi quydn Tri de © _ 3.Cicyéa ti idm sot sy thay 4 ahi op 4-Tnh tod va bid did gd abit 49 wn KL1- Thoi tiét va khi hau Thoi tiét: Khi hae Larang thai cia bau ki La Big IOBTRSHTETERE! Suh tl rapt tt cd va tha tnt ja diém nhat dinh, ti6t clia m@t dia diém hoac twrong thoi tiét mot khu wwe 9, mua, Weather is Ps "Ea I- Thoi tiét va khi hau ht 8 1a dt rude duge biét aén voi Khi HAW kna kde nghigt. Khi hu cia Nhat Ban o6 dc trung la mua «ng lanh i va mia hé thi néng nhw a Kira, Néu ban muén sang Nhat Ban du lich hay ban dang [a du hoc sinh, thye tap sinh muén di du lich thi nén xem that ky dy bao thoi tiét twee Khia nhe, ‘Ngubn:ntpsuinetbanonine nuien-nav-os-nhe-ban 1- Thoi tiét va khi hau Ban cing c6 thé tim hidu vé khi hau qua cdc loai bang biéu, ban dé va dé thi Luu y: Dor ligu khi héu khong thé dy doan thi wiét nnThai tiét va khi hau du duoc do dac thyéng xuyén va thé hién dudi dang cac yéu t6 co ban giéng nhau nhu: _ C4 S Thoi tiét duoc tao nén kaa seater Laat taranty nhu thé nao? a- Thanh phan Khi quyén Trai omaaress pat la lop beatae cc chal ki bao quanh hanh tinh Trai Dat va duoc gif lai boi lye hap dan cia Trai Dat. en, 7 EI eT a os eega Dioxide (CO2) a- Thanh phan Cac thanh phan bién déi trong khong khi nhw: Hoi noc, Sol khi va ozone ce 9 og a, en a a oe rad elegy & Es == ——an Hoi nvoéc + Buge do bang chi s6 46 = Chiém mét phan nhd- trong «hi quyén nhung rét quan trong. Vi Langu gs to nn cic dary arm + Hip tuna do Trot patra va'mat phan Ui aie ean Kop mat ot nai i dre = Van chuyén “nhiét an” tir rg nay sang ving ke Minh hea: Thay adi trang tal tn Son sone are (quan dda sr tao 8 ot finn than bo ike Nbr You = is crenata "2Sol khi (aerosol) Sol khi (aerosol) Sol khi hay son khi, s6n khi, aerosol: = 18.he keo ella cdc hat chat an hoge cde gigt cn na, trong khéng khi hodic chat ken he. = Aerosol c6 ngubn abe ti ty nin hod tv con ngudi ~ Cac het nay da phan nhd Vai tré cua Sol khi: = Labé mat dé hoi nuse ngung ty > Hinh thanh eae am may va suong mi. = Hép thu hode phan xa bize xq mat tro thes ~ Tao nén hign twong quang hhgc nu: cae mau séc d va cam trén bau tri vao Kic hon 1 ym. binh minh va hoang hén. io ia: Ste ke Mio ha: Sot we Ozone Ozone 1- Ozon la gi? = gut: Youtube - ios mous omsichv=aSm:SNDPns a pieseiasiaiiinaaaiaaapenineee ee Cau héi 6n tap 2 Khi quyén Trai dat b- Cau tric theo phuong dieng 4-Hai thanh phan chinh cia khéng khi sach, kh een la gi? Chiém ti lé bao nhiéu? 2- Hoi nuéc va aerosol Ia gi? 3- Tai sao hoi nuéc va aerosol la thanh phan quan trong cia khi quyén Trai d&t? 4-Ozon la gi? a ee 5- Tai sao ozon lai quan trong déi voi cuéc séngyl tren Trai ‘dhe nwt —s ‘i rs | ee ae 42-Khi quyén Trai dat b- Cau trite theo phuong ding - [AP SUAT KHONG KH + Lalye téc dung bai trong lveng cola lép khong khi & tren = Cang lén cao thi ap sudt khong khi ccang gidm 2-KhI quyén Trai dat b- Cu tric theo phwong ding NHIET 90 KHONG KHI Dyra vao nhigt 49 khéng kh, rngudi ta chia khi quyén Trai at thanh 4 tang: ~ Tang 46! lu (Treposphere) © Tong bint ke (Stratosphere) = Tang trung iru (Mesosphere) = Tang nhigt (Memmosphere) 2- Khi quyén Trai dat 2 Khi quyén Trai dat b- Cau tric theo phuong ding ‘AP SUAT KHONG KH * = O mye nude bién, dp subt kehong khi trung binh Iahon 1000 milibar (mb) ~ wong tng ‘oi trong rong gn ker = Caing lén cao &p suat khéng Ki cang gidm. ~ Téc d6 thay di dp sudt kkhéng khi khéng phai fa hang 86 (clam nann & gin bb rat Ta: va chm hom Kn 0) tees ms b- Cau tric theo phuong dieng TANG BOILUU (Troposphere). = La tng thdp nhét cua khi “ ‘quyén, noi ching ta sng. Bt au a Bb mgt Tai dt abn 2ake (tng wnt a), 11 en (cae wt tung inh), 7 km (ving eve) ri] Phin an cc ign tug thot {bt din rag ng ai. ‘Dac trung cia ting nay ld cae ing 0 yu ea khong kh ‘éng tr bb mat Be Ibn cao va ten. = Sy gidim nhigt d§ trong ting abi lav dge gl a" gi ae (we eovermentiee re C6 gi2-Khi quyén Trai dat b- Cau tric theo phuong ding = Dé xac dinh 116 giam hit thyc té tai thoi gian va dia diém xac inh, cling nhy sy thay: 68 dp sudt, gid va 66 4m theo chidu doc, nguri ta ding mot bo ung cy do gin vao qua bong bay va truyén div ligu bang radic ia “Bong tham khéng’ Pro by Dave Fane Dani rR 2-Khi quyén Tral dt b- Cu tric theo phwong ding TANG TRUNG LUU (Mesosphere) ~ Nam phia trén ting binh lau va phia duéi tng mbit. (60— 80/20} wén mene bin) ~ Nhidt 6 giam xuébng_ theo sy gia tang cia ca0 4 = La phan duge hiu it ht cia Kh quyén, = Lanoi d6t chay cae thin thach > sao bang 2- Khi quyén Trai dat b- Cau tric theo phuong ding = Ném phia trén ting ai lu va pha dud tng trung lu. (6-80km én me use bién~ xen 0) = Nhigt d6 tang theo 4 cao. = C6 sy xudt hién cia ting ozone > Co nhiét 6 cao (do ozone hdp thu bite xa ta eye tim tir Mattei) 2- Khi quyén Trai dat — P b- Cau tric theo phuong dieng ‘TANG NHIET (Thermosphere) ~ Nim tr ing rn hu va ‘gp we kndnggian ben nga {tah kroag 80.90 van tnvcruge i: kh xe "| fa gps en) ~ Cée bie xa ta eve tim aby ra su ion héa ~ Nii tng theo a9 cao. Cao shbt co hé dat abn T000°C. = Tram i try que 8 ISS) 6 «4 690 dn ong phn wan eating nit (820.380 km) = C6 sy xulthignhign trong ‘eve quang,Cau hoi én tap Tai sao cé cdc mua trong nam? guy no cd into nn Té i) Sun in do ce ma ong nm ~ gh, en Ngubr Youtibe «ize Sn outibe coast 2v= Hd Ngubr: Youube ntpeiiwvuyoutibecomwaten?v=DO_simsoTuc QeAe 3 otira Trai dat va Mat tro. Moi quan hé giita Trai dat va Mat troi Nh ching tabi: = Ning lugng ten Tei itch you dn We MBC Tuy nhige ning long Mitt khdng deve pin phi dba teénb ml Tri dt on ine hog os 8, tdi gian (rong ngiy va mita trong nim) > T9o ra BL (do men chuyen hie ig whit i den ed os nha ci Bang Bat Bink ding v6 ming lame nn steve) > Hig tong thoi tide Tai sao 6 cée vi dp Khée nhau Igi nh duege beymg ‘nding biegng MG trdi khéc mhau? Nguyén nhan tao ra cac mia trong nam Su thay ddi ve: ~ Thai gian chiéu sing (ban ngiy) the length of daylight ‘ = Goe ela bite xa Mat tdi chiéu 16i Trdi dit — Goo Mat ea (ie angle of the Sun) Tis Get vi dp khéc nhau Iai nhin durge lrgmg iniing hegng Mgt trdi Khéc nhau? Sue chuyén déng cita Trai dét ‘Tri dit c6 2 chuyén déng chink: I- Xeay quanh trye cia chin né (tanh’s ronson) > Ngdy va dm 2- Chuyén dng theo qu¥ dgo quanh Mt tri (ars relation) > Céc mia trong nim Tai sao 6 cée vidp khéc mhau Igi nhin dpe legng indng liegng Mgt tréi Khéc nhau? Nguyén nhan tao ra su thay doi vé thoi gian chiéu sing (ban ngay) va géc Mat troi Hung cia true Tri dt di v6i tia Mae tea lin tue thay, Ai theo chu ki hing nim Gee ‘Trac Trai dit nghigng 23,5°nding liegng Mit trdi khéc nhau? Su thay doi vé nhiét dé tai cae vi dé khéc nhau inh minh hoe nbigt 6 cia fe thin phd & ede vi 66 Khe nhau, ~ Nhiing noi 6 vi d9 cao hon 6 sur chénh Iéch nbigt 46 ita mia hé va mia déng Jem hon. = Luu: Capetown va South Aca ti qua mi ding vio ‘thing 6, 7,8 ~ Nhigt la mot dang nang long dy tr trong vat chat nhs ‘vao chuyén dong nhiét hén loan cita cde hat cdu tao nén_ vat chat. ~ Nhict 00 fa tinh chit vat If eta vat chit, hiéu ném na la thang do d6 “néng” va “lank”. Vat cht c6 nhigt d cao thom thi ndng hon, = Nhige d6duge do bing cfc thang do theo cée dom vj nha: + H@ théng do long Quéc té; don vj Kenvil (46 K) + Vigt Nam va nbiéu made: d6 C + Anh, My va mot s6 nude: do F + Quy dois 18C =273.158K; 19F = 255.927778°K: °F = (.8*0)+32, At cd cdc dia diém & cing vi 66 du c6 dinh nghia v8 {96 Mat tri va thai gian chiéu séng ban ngay giéng hét nhau. Néu céc méi quan hé Trai at Mat tei vira duge mé ta la yeu t6 duy nhat kiém soat su’ thay déi nhist d6, thi nhing noi nay 88 6 nhist d giéng hét nhau. 6 rang, diéu nay khéng chinh xc (CO CHE TRUYEN NHIET 1- Din nhigt (Conduction): eee eae ‘truyén nhiét qua vat chat bing host dong phan tr 2 Doi laru (Convection): truyén mhigt bang chuyén dng eta mot chit tr noi nay sang noi Khde 3. Babe xa (Radiation): sy truyén ‘mhiet bing séng dign tie en —)1- Dan nhiét (Conduction): trayén nhiét qua vat chat bing. hoat d6ng phan ti. Kha ning din nhigt cla cdc chdt khong giéng nhau: = Kim lat la chit din aige et = hing ki edt dd nit dm ‘Conduction of Heat 33 aa ong ola cc phn tr oe ‘ua ce va cham gia phan {ry vo pint he, 08 ng ‘Bape rayen ty nl cb nt 35 c29 a = : 3+ Bite xa (Radiation) su tayén nhigt bing sing ~ 6 thé truyén ning long qua ch khong va tru. = Céc bude sing oba bite xa dign ti nim tong khong tt dai (sng v6 tuyén) dén rit ngin (tia gamma), = Anh sing nhin théy drge a phan duy nt cia bite xa dign tir ma terpenes opp com ching ta 06 thé quan sit dug oe 2- Déi luvu (Convection): truyén nhigt bing chuyén dong ciia mot chit tr noi nay sang noi Khe. “Xéy a tong chit long hode Kh cack kg et = ng bay ln Size go = tbeacihermale, Dbl kg ont teuyn eit ma con van chuyén hoi nue Wen ena in nan ‘he dam may “eB quy mé toan chu ‘i Kase ven gm adn pt i ie ‘he ving eh Gao ve Hin than (CO CHE TRUYEN NHIET 1- Din nhigt (Conduction): ‘truyén nhiét qua vat chat bing host dong phan tr 2 Doi laru (Convection): truyén mhigt bang chuyén dng eta mot chit tr noi nay sang noi Khde 3. Babe xa (Radiation): sy truyén ‘mhiet bing séng dign tie aa‘Mat tréi lam néng bé mat Trdi dat va Bau Cac trréng hop 06 thé xay ra khi bire xa truyén ti mot vat khi quyén Trai dét nhue thé nao? RI SE si NOI ae ae ats Noe Birc xa Mat trdi chiéu dén bé mat Trai dat Sv phan xa (reflection) = 50% bie xa Mat na tro gaye qua ki auyén va duge Fp thy bat bb mat ‘Trai dat. 30% by bu kh Phan xa la qué tinh anh sang d6i ngurgc lai tor mét vat 6 cing quyén phan x@ lai __ Lawof Reflection g6c ma né duoc khong olan > Theangle of inidence equals he angle oFefesion ha = 20% bi hap thy bei iced (cae dam may va ccc lol kh trong Ki quyén ‘ed close ye te i so) ee ioeTan xa (Scattering) ‘Sy tan xq phan tan anh sang cd v8 phia truéc va phia sau inh minh hoa sy tn x9 Dbéi ede hat trong khéng kh dn sng Mt I Tiled a 6 4 theo ee zen kde nnau Taing ti nang ona tn a v8 | phi tarde ni non vb hong hawt bbmitkhée nhaw nin ehung, nh b8 mateo mau ng hon 88 pan xa tt hon > do 66 pain non thng Bb mt guy ob che atatyin suationg ng. Wag 16% goe Mgt ro knde hau Suat phan xa Trai dat (carts ated) ‘Suit phan xa a phén nang Tagg bj pan x9 BOI mgt Db mat Sut phan xa cia Trl at 8 30%, ‘Suit phan xa thay ai cng kb 28 ty noinay sang not kh, toy theo thei gian, ty thupe va Fagg may che phi vce hat vat chét trong king ki, 6c Mat tai va tin ent cia mat Su tan xa (seatiring) = Mae di bo xg Mt hoo dg tng, ty nhl ob hg by nhs va ce ‘hd rh bong kl aay lm phan tn mbt phn nang lng nay eo m9 Fut > Gollan srg sb an > Cen sng chigu ho ks we ng mat pia dua cay. pnng due dp sang tang bu Wa Wrong eb 80% sang Mat oi uc bp. —Su hap thu (Avsorption) cht ita et ht be x9 5 cng oe. ni mt phn a hp thy ie 9 ab ning tvong age chun nh hay deg phn a Bn Wong, coi nng nd age qua sy gang rst @. ito — ip bk vi oh cae oube ng cba Boe xg Mat te Ory hp hy hh nt ce Bae a ‘ayte ting cao (Czone np ty hu ht ce a UV cin a tong ting Binh hu > Gi tren ata cao tg bin nang ago ip thy Gu qua nde xa Mat voi & buve sing ha eb 5 = es: Ck man oat cg nn no? a, Ngudn Yoube ies aie or oe Hidu tong nha kinh (me evento ai. vide: Higu ung nha kinn Ngubn Youtube nos we souls, comncvZ2canonatA dhe = Higu tong nha kinh khi quy&m(meoremou cffect) = Khodng 50% Bi xa tr Mat ro cham an b& mat Ts dt va due Tel thd thy. += Trait sau 46 phat ra bie xa sting dl ib a kong gian > Mgt skh (C02, hei ruzbe,..) hp thy be xa séng dai higu qua hor séngngén > Hsp thy bite xg Trai dt phat ra-> Bie nang nena s6ng dl vio kh quya > Bu kh’ quydn age lam néng len ir mat aa = NBu kong o6 hu dng nha kinh ty nin, Ait a6 Tdi Bt chi khodng “15%,Hiéu teng nha kinh nhan loai | Green house ets ee ee srg mh kn vt dna ca on a9 gut Youtbe’ is wove satya =rOSE088 4- Tinh toan va biéu dién gid tri nhiét d6 khéng khi 3- Cac yéu t6 kiém sot sy thay déi nhigt d6 khéng khi 1, Vi (ub quan gia Tal sit va Mat 2) 2, Dang hai lu (Thy guydn) 3. Sy nong lén kha nhau gita dat va nuée king kin bc nit 6 ke nha 4.86 cao 5. Vitridialy ie 6. May va sudt phan xa (Abed) ai. eer (a 4- Tinh todn va biéu dién gid tri nhiét a6 khéng khi Céch tinh todn nhiét d6 khéng khi Nhiét d6 trung binh ota ngay ta trang bin cia hg 8 max von a mn trong nay Bién d9 nhist ca ngay wy ehénhn hen aida nig 39 max va rit min cia ai Nhiét d6 trung binh ota thang w ting binn oa nig 8 tung bin oa hk ck cae gay tong trang Minn ns: Ti oa bg en nay cna mgt oti go eee ally one Mevoive cn enoting ng He trug bn ota nh 6 tung bin ea 12 tog Yong nr bay chon een glva ng a) vung blanca thang hp dt v8 nh rung Binh eda tg eso htCach biéu dién gid tri nhiét dé khéng khi ‘inn nea: Burg ding nie. = Gis 8 ahibt a9 aug bidu didn len ban a bing cae dong dang nhiét (Cae yeng c6 nhigt a6 bing hau) ~ Gradient nhiét 46 8 lugng nhist 9 thay a8 tran mgt don vi Khoi ch. Céc dung ding ‘5hét nim gan ehau cho thy tbe 69 tray a6 ‘ht nhanh, DE DANG THAY Sly PHAN BO NHIET BO TREN MOT KHU VY. Tai ligu tham khao [1] Foundation of Earth Science, Pearson, 2014. [2] Hinds, 1999, p3 ete pees tang dt nag ing 39 Slinmntes non go nae enere Exavaenchaén htt o9 eno ton Homben cin Bcbinchva thre remnu Sr cps ding ing rap in mse on nu ae Cdngito Nom Sanchtnag bn on onan mee = Bibs ad thang nm tng th tng v we we otoan cnt te {Bango mang eansonnonting es wvnarymatecon “Thanksnding liegng Mit trdi khéc nhau? Nguyén nhdn tao ra cac mia trong nam = Thdi gian chiéu séng ban ngay (the length of daylight) BG dy lop Kbi quyén ma bie xa ‘Mat tri phai xuyén {qua trade khi cham én be mt Trai dat nh hung dé cextmg d5 ela 6. teang legng Mat tri Khic nhau? Nguyén nhan tgo ra cdc mia trong nam 1- Tat ca cdc vat thé du phat ra nang lrgng birc ~ Gée cia bite x9 MBt trdi chiéu 164 Trai dit (the angle of 2a (Math, Trai at ca en bang cue, ..) 2- Doi voi mot dign tich bé mat nhat dinh, cdc vat néng hon téa ra téng nang long nhiéu hon so véi cc vat lanh hon (Mat tr phat ra nang iwong ap 160.000 Ibn tr 1 dom v ign sch eo vi Trai et) the Sun) 3- Vat bire xa cang néng, buéc séng birc xa cc dal cng NGAN (Mae We phat ra bite x9 song ngéin, Trbi at patra ire xa song dl) 4- Cac vat thé hap thy birc xa tat ciing la nguén phat LOL (Khang kh a chat hép thy va tan nhigt 66 chon loc — {rong su8t db vi dn sng kh be va kb rong uth nib ol Bue song di prt at Trot) priest le ts aa nae pb nim 99 ohn aha Seo eces ‘Minh ho: nb 8 Bg kh gli A ig ac, ‘Sram ai vod Diy Sabon ein fe rgMay va suat phan xa (Albedo) inn minh nea suit phin xa cia Lomien i H Mit os: Ch Hi nit hang mga Poor filles} wong? mg 6g 7. tay rime 6 at Ng gay. Haman ny nb tn 9 eb hr ad nh av pr tk ind o> Comers cea ite 0 hg ne hp ‘Su néng lén khdc nhau gitra «va Nuc néngllénichamihon, Iuu trit long nhiét ion hon va lam mat cham hon so voi dat. Vi: ‘Niet cung ring ba lon hom nhibu 80 vot 8} 9 aKa EBB mgt at ma dye natch ge lo my 804 ma 3- Nude dun nng thang tron voi nage ben dui > Phan phd it qua mat kndi gn lon hon 4-59 bay hol iz cus toh ir may tr BB mat ait am hom so voi bb me ‘AN HUONG BEN NHIET 8 KHONG KL ‘Sw néng lén khac nhau gitra © va ‘Hind in Noa sy kde idk vb nhvgt eda 66 mat nvbe vi dt Nn 6 mgt use & Tal Bion Duong tp hon nib so ve mgt (8 mitt Calforia va Novas ug a5 mt nb rung nen lin auan den ‘hug ngan nl ph tat (Sora Nevada), NEL} nade tan agape goal kt i do ag end Calforia ‘a dong rugclonn eau chy qua ‘inn iah aad hac nhau giita va Sy néng inh minh hoa nhigt je trung binh hang thing IW) cho Vorcourer'a : ivrmeg. 8 Lag] Vancouver cé bien d@ : S| nhigt nhd hon nhiéu do ao | chju nh huéng cla I 3) Ghgbntmal inn : ja*| avong og 0 bin a po | mnie on aon stu tong até, teiene ere a on ea ae Gatamett ature pln cece re ma ‘Viena cu etuingmamee gn ser Rehmiibeoanertce omen ErR Minh nea: nig a> ‘tung binn tang ‘ce Seti vd ‘Spokane (Bang Washington). iy na Cascade his et Spokane xl fn hudng ota bin ‘Thai Ginn rong rn bit ota ‘Spokane on hon ‘Seater oh