Department of Mechanical Engineering

Design and Manufacturing Lab MECH440

Assignment 4 Fall 2022
Bezier Curves

Submission Date: 5/12/2022

Student Names IDs
Bashayer Ali Alshehhi 201801607
Lobna Shaikhoun 201850083
Shamma Mohammed Alaryani 201805883
Shamma Mohamed Altaffaq 201805750

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Table of Contents

Objective .................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3

Problem Statement ..................................................................................................................... 4

Equipment and Steps.................................................................................................................. 4

Calculations.............................................................................................................................. 10

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 12

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Objective

The main goal of this project is to use Bezier Curves to create a profile that will be used in a
product.

The assignment's goals are as follows to accomplish them:

 Sketch the appropriate object according to the guidelines.

 Establish the curves' coordinate points for the chosen design.
 Create a digital file for the selected sketch in CorelDRAW.
 Describe Bezier mathematics by locating certain curve segments' Control Points.
 Laser cutting for the part .

Introduction

A group of related points can be used to define a line or curve. A set of unique points for that
curve known as Control Points are blended to define the points on a Bezier curve. A third order
curve can be represented mathematically as:

Point on curve = 𝐵𝐵0 𝑃𝑃0 + 𝐵𝐵1 𝑃𝑃1 + 𝐵𝐵2 𝑃𝑃2 + 𝐵𝐵3 𝑃𝑃3

where P is the control point and B is the blending function.

A Bezier curve is a parametric curve in computer graphics and related applications. The curve
bears Pierre Bezier's name since in the 1960s he used it to design curves for the bodywork of
Renault vehicles. With the Bernstein polynomial, it is associated. In computer graphics, CSS
animation, and several other applications, forms are drawn using Bezier curves. They're a
straightforward idea that's worth understanding once so you can feel at ease when working with
sophisticated animations and vector drawings.

Metallic and non-metallic raw materials can be cut using the slitting technique known as laser
cutting in a variety of thicknesses. No matter how complicated the shape is or how thin the
material is, the laser beam can rapidly and flexible cut almost any contour. The basis for this is
a guided, shaped, and grouped laser beam. When the material hits the workpiece, it becomes
so hot that it melts or evaporates. A single point with a diameter of less than half a millimetre
contains all the laser's power. The cutting process starts when the laser beam fully penetrates
the material, and more heat is introduced. The laser beam completes its task without making

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contact, in contrast to other techniques that use large-area tools to exert tremendous stress on
the sheet. As a result, the tool does not deteriorate, and the workpiece is not distorted or harmed.

Advantages of laser cutting:

1. Material range

2. Contour freedom

3. High-quality cutting edges with ultra-short pulses

The objective of the task is for students to create a Souvenir Product, label it as an Engineering
Product, and produce it. The benefits of Bezier curves include simplicity in computing, stability
at lower control point angles, and the ability to rotate and move a Bezier curve using point
operations. Given a specified tolerance, including a series of lines is affordable and quick.

Problem Statement

This project aims to design and build a product that takes scientific factors into account. while
also considering additional elements including an inspiring appearance, connection to the
neighborhood, and product development features. Each group will choose a reference image
for this task and use CorelDRAW to measure and scale it. After that, transport it to the 3D
printer or laser cutter.

Equipment and Steps

The following tools will be utilized to make the product:

1) Sketching software or paper 3) Laser cutting device

2) Software Siemens NX 4) Plate made of acrylic

The contour of a badge is modeled in the first part of this assignment. This is accomplished by
taking the following steps:

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Detailed instructions

When you open a new model file, by default you start work on the first layer. A layer is
basically a like sheet of transparent paper on which certain entities are drawn. You need to
switch to layer no. 2 so that later, you can deactivate this layer. Make layer No. 2 as work layer.

Select the horizontal plane (XY plane) and use datum plane grid tool to bring a plane with the
grid lines as shown below. Make sure length and height of the plane should be 120 by 120
minimum.

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Move back to layer#1 and open a sketch in the XY plane and identify the space where you are
going to create the sketch 60x 60 on the top right corner.

Create the first point using point tool which you have identified in the part-1 of the assignment.

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In the same manner, create all six points as shown below:

Now, use the studio spline tool to sketch a curve passing through first two point points (you
can decrease the degree to 2 and later turn it to three).

After sketching one segment of the curve, click OK. It’ll show you some message just click ok.

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You will find four control points in this segment of the curve.

In this way, complete the sketch using the spline studio tool.

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Now using the control points of each curve segment, redefine the badge shape. Mirror it and
complete the overall badge shape. You can turn off the grid here.

Save the file as AutoCAD DWG and you can also extrude your model.

The model is now ready to be used for processing on the laser-cut machine. Here, you can turn
off the layer#2.

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Calculations

Equations of the curves BC, EF, and FG shown in the Figure is to be determined. First, each
point is identified as well as the location of the control points.

Figure 1:Badge Sketch.

Table 1 shows the location of the points.

No Curve Type Start Point Finish Point
1 AB Straight (13.5,56) (18.5,51)
2 BC Curve (18.5,51) (41.5,51)
3 CD Straight (41.5,51) (46.5,56)
4 DE Straight (46.5,56) (50,50)
5 EF Curve (50,50) (48,26)
6 FG Curve (48,26) (30,0)
7 GH Curve (30,0) (12,26)
8 HI Curve (12,26) (10,50)
9 IA Straight (10,50) (13.5,56)
Table 1: Location of points

In addition to those points control points were identified between each curve and have the
following locations:
• P1 = (23.5,56) • P3 = (45,43) • P5 = (56.5,7)
• P2 = (36.5,56) • P4 = (45,33.5) • P6 = (34,5)

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 −1 3 −3 1 𝑋𝑋0 𝑌𝑌0
3 −6 3 0 𝑋𝑋1 𝑌𝑌1
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �� �
−3 3 0 0 𝑋𝑋2 𝑌𝑌2
1 0 0 0 𝑋𝑋3 𝑌𝑌3
Curve BC:
For curve BC the starting point is (18.5,51) and the finishing point is (41.5,51) with two
intermediate control points P1 (23.5,56) and P2 (36.5,56).

−1 3 −3 1 18.5 51
3 −6 3 0 23.5 56
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �� �
−3 3 0 0 36.5 56
1 0 0 0 41.5 51

−16 0
24 −15
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �
15 15
18.5 51

[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [−16𝑢𝑢3 + 24𝑢𝑢2 + 15𝑢𝑢 + 18.5 −15𝑢𝑢2 + 15𝑢𝑢 + 51]

Curve EF:
For curve EF the starting point is (50,50) and the finishing point is (48,26) with two
intermediate control points P3 (45,43) and P4 (45,33.5).

−1 3 −3 1 50 50
3 −6 3 0 45 43
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �� �
−3 3 0 0 45 33.5
1 0 0 0 48 26

−2 4.5
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 15 −7.5
𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �
−15 −21
50 50

[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [−2𝑢𝑢3 + 15𝑢𝑢2 − 15𝑢𝑢 + 50 4.5𝑢𝑢3 − 7.5𝑢𝑢2 − 21𝑢𝑢 + 50]

Curve FG:
For curve EF the starting point is (48,26) and the finishing point is (30,0) with two
intermediate control points P5 (56.5,7) and P6 (34,5).

−1 3 −3 1 48 26
3 −6 3 0 56.5 7
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �� �
−3 3 0 0 34 5
1 0 0 0 30 0

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 49.5 −20
[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [𝑢𝑢3 −93 51
𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢 1] � �
25.5 −57
48 26

[𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦] = [49.5𝑢𝑢3 − 93𝑢𝑢2 + 25.5𝑢𝑢 + 48 −20𝑢𝑢3 + 51𝑢𝑢2 − 57𝑢𝑢 + 26]

Conclusion

In conclusion, the objectives of this assignment have been met successfully and students were
able to apply the fundamental understanding of Bezier curve practically by producing a 3D
model of a badge by laser cutting, to reach the end result, students have first created a sketch
to model the contour of the badge on a gridded sheet and were then able to divide the badge
onto several curves and straight lines to identify start and end points coordinates so that a
mathematical representation will later be made for the curves. The badge has been modeled on
NX siemens and exported as a dxf file to later be used for laser cutting. Students have acquired
various skills in this assignment by being exposed to Bezier curve and laser cutting machine
which hold very important potential of experience that will equip them for their future career.

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