Buzea Daria

Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

☼ What is global warming? What are the causes?

• Global warming is the phenomenon of increasing the recorded average temperatures

of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the ground, as well as of the oceans.
The phenomenon of global warming began to worry after the 60s, following the
massive industrial development and the increase in the concentration of greenhouse
gases that are largely considered responsible for this phenomenon.

• The years 2011-2020 was the warmest decade on record. In 2019, the average global
temperature had exceeded pre-industrial levels by 1.1 °C. Human-caused global
warming is currently increasing at a rate of 0.2 °C per decade. A 2°C increase in
temperature compared to the pre-industrial period is associated with a serious
negative impact on nature and human health and well-being, with the risk of
witnessing dangerous and potentially catastrophic global climate change being much
higher. For this reason, the international community has recognized the need to keep
warming well below 2 °C and to continue efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C

• The main cause of global warming is the increase in the concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere in recent centuries. This was 280 ppm before the industrial revolution,
now it is 430 ppm, almost double, and in 2035 it could be 550 ppm, if the flow of
current emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) would remain above the capacity
natural absorption. This could immediately lead the period to an increase of another
2°C. Other causes can be: combustion of coal, oil and gas, cutting down forests
(deforestation), intensification of animal husbandry, fertilizers containing nitrogen,
fluorinated gases.

• As every tone of CO2 emitted contributes to global warming, any reduction in

emissions helps to slow the process. To completely stop global warming, the world
must reach zero net CO2 emissions. And reducing emissions of other greenhouse
gases such as methane can have a powerful effect on slowing global warming,
especially in the short term.

☼ Affected areas
Global warming affects a wide range of areas and aspects of life on Earth. These
include:
Climate: Climate change is leading to rising global temperatures, more frequent and
more intense extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods and drought.
Environment: Rising sea and ocean levels, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation and
air and water pollution are all linked to global warming.
Human health: High temperatures can lead to impacts on human health, such as
increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses and the spread of vector-borne diseases
such as malaria.
Economics: Global warming can affect agricultural production, infrastructure,
insurance and energy prices, which can have a significant economic impact.
 Buzea Daria
Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

Agriculture: Climate change can influence water availability, plant growth patterns
and the spread of pests, which affects agricultural production.
Ecosystems: Global warming can disrupt natural ecosystems, including forests, coral
reefs, tundra, and marine habitats. Natural resources: Climate change can. affect
natural resources such as fresh water, forests, fisheries and mineral resources.
Society: Rising temperatures can cause human migration, conflict and security issues.

☼ Solutions:
1.Renawable energy (solar power, wind, hydroelectric power)
Each country should deliver permits to install solar energy equipment on buildings,
also the renewable acceleration areas designated by EU countries should avoid or
reduce any negative environmental impact and the installation of offshore power
should extend on at least 3% of the maritime space that EU owns.
2. Sustainable transport
We all know that the main cause of greenhouses gases is CO2. By stricter emission
limits for cars and vans or even more encourage people to use of public transport we
can reduce the CO2 emission . The European green deal seeks a 90% reduction in
these emissions by 2050.
3. Green spaces
To combat the global warming we need guardians and for this is essential to plant
new trees and stop the deforestation. They absorb the CO2 from the atmosphere and
give us oxygen.It’s clear we’re not going to be able to address climate change if we
don’t preserve nature.
4. Sustainable Buildings
Making buildings more energy efficient, by upgrading windows and adding
insulation to attics and walls. Our homes need to be nature friendly we can use
different recycled objects such second hand table, bed…
5. Industrial Solution
Most industrial emissions come from making a small set of carbon-intensive
products: basic chemicals, iron and steel, cement, aluminum, glass, and paper.
(Industrial plants are also often major sources of air and water pollutants that directly
affect humans). They should sharply reduce heavy industry’s climate emissions, as
well as local pollution. They should be salable and widely available in the next
decade, especially so that less developed nations can adopt these cleaner processes
and grow without increasing emissions. And they should bolster manufacturing in a
way that creates good jobs.

☼ What could PE do to stop global warming? What is the role

of PE?The EU is a major emitter of greenhouse gases

In 2019, the European Union was the fourth largest generator of greenhouse gases in
the world, after China, the US and India. The EU's share of global greenhouse gas
emissions fell from 15.2% in 1990 to 7.3% in 2019.
 Buzea Daria
Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

The EU is a key player in the UN climate change negotiations and has signed the
Paris Agreement. All EU states are also signatories, but their positions are
coordinated and emission reduction targets are jointly established at the EU level.

Under the Paris Agreement, the EU committed to reducing its greenhouse gas
emissions by at least 40% from 1990 levels by 2030. In 2021 this target was changed
to at least 55% by in 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
The EU's efforts are paying off
In 2008, the Union set a target of reducing emissions by 20% by 2020 from 1990
levels. By 2019 emissions had fallen by 24% and by 31% by 2020, partly due to the
Covid-19 pandemic. In 2021, new goals were set. See our info graphic on the EU's
progress towards its 2020 climate targets.

The European Green Deal: net zero emissions by 2050

In 2021 the EU made climate neutrality - the goal of achieving net zero emissions by
2050 - mandatory by law in the EU. At the same time, an intermediate objective of
reducing emissions by 55% by 2030 was established.
This objective - zero net emissions - is enshrined in the European Climate Law. The
European Green Deal is the road map for the EU to become climate neutral by 2050.
The concrete legislation that will enable Europe to achieve the Green Deal targets is
defined in the 'Get ready for 55' package presented by the Commission in July 2021.
This package includes the review existing energy and emissions reduction
legislation, chapters described below in this article.

The EU is also working to achieve a circular economy by 2050, create a sustainable

food system and protect biodiversity and pollinators.

To finance the Green Deal, the European Commission presented, in January 2020,
the Investment Plan for a Sustainable Europe, which aims to attract public and
private investments of at least one thousand billion euros over the next decade. As
part of the investment plan, the Just Transition Fund is designed to support the
regions and communities most affected by the green transition, for example regions
heavily dependent on coal.

 Transport

Under the European climate law countries must cut cut greenhouse gas emissions by
at least 55% by 2030 and make the EU climate neutral by 2050. Transport play a
significant role here because the transport industry is one of the biggest producers of
CO2.Transport represents almost a quarter of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions and
is the main cause of air pollution in cities.Fuels used for road transport in the EU have
to meet strict quality requirements to protect human health and the environment.

Currently, the CO2 emissions in the transport sector are about 30% in the case of
developed countries and about 23% in the case of the total man-made CO2 emissions
worldwide. There is widespread agreement to reduce CO2 emissions from transport
by a minimum of 50% at the latest by 2050.
 Buzea Daria
Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

For a more sustanable transport line we can stop using our personal cars and use the
public transport instead in the big cities it can be faster then a car and beyond this is
more efficient

 Agriculture field

 The land sector is essential to achieving a climate-neutral economy because it

can capture CO 2 from the atmosphere. However, to encourage the
agricultural and forestry sectors to take climate action and contribute to the
European Green Deal, it is necessary to create direct incentives. For this
reason, in December 2021 the Commission adopted the Communication on
sustainable carbon cycles, as announced in the Farm to Fork Strategy. The
objective is to develop this green business model that rewards land managers
for adopting practices that lead to carbon sequestration, thus bringing
important biodiversity benefits. These actions include:
o promoting carbon farming practices under the Common Agricultural
Policy (CAP) and other EU programs
o driving the standardization of monitoring
o improving knowledge, data management and tailored advisory services
for land managers.
 Examples of effective carbon farming practices in agricultural soils include:
o Afforestation and reforestation that respects biodiversity-friendly
ecological principles and enhanced sustainable forest management,
including biodiversity-friendly practices and forest adaptation to
climate change;
o Agroforestry and other forms of mixed agriculture that combine
woody vegetation (trees or shrubs) with crops and/or livestock
production systems on the same land;
o The use of catch crops, cover crops, conservation tillage and the
intensification of the use of landscape elements: protecting soils,
reducing soil loss through erosion and increasing soil organic carbon
on degraded arable land;
o The specific conversion of cultivated fallow lands or areas
withdrawn from the agricultural circuit into permanent pastures;
o Restoring peatlands and wetlands, which reduces the oxidation of
the existing carbon stock and increases the potential for carbon
sequestration.
 Technical guidelines on carbon farming
 On April 27, 2021, after a two-year study, the Commission published a
technical manual on how to set up and implement carbon farming in the EU,
aimed at helping private actors and public authorities launch initiatives in this
area.
 The study looked at the main issues, challenges, trade-offs and design options.
He reviewed existing systems that reward carbon sequestration or emission
reduction in five areas: peatland restoration and rewetting, agroforestry,
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Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

maintaining and strengthening soil organic carbon in mineral soils, managing

soil organic carbon in grasslands, and auditing carbon dioxide emissions from
carbon of livestock units.
 The study concluded that a results-based carbon agriculture can significantly
contribute to the EU's efforts to combat climate change and provided concrete
recommendations on its implementation. Pilot initiatives should be developed
at local or regional level to gain experience in developing carbon agriculture.
 Examples of co-financed carbon farming projects
o LIFE Carbon Farming Project (LIFE Programme): The objective of
the project is to identify and accelerate the development and adoption
of new incentives for carbon sequestration and increasing and
maintaining soil and biomass organic carbon stock in Europe.
o INTERREG Carbon Farming Project (European Regional
Development Fund): The project aims to mitigate climate change
while improving agricultural soils by implementing on-farm carbon
sequestration techniques.
 Funding
Initiatives to promote carbon farming can be financed through the
Common Agricultural Policy, of other public financing instruments
such as state aid, of private initiatives linked to carbon markets, or
through a combination of these financing options. The Commission also
provides financial support for carbon farming pilot initiatives through
the LIFE programmed the European Regional Development Fund, among
others.

 Industry
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industry is essential to combat global
warming, and some solutions could be:
Energy efficiency, investing in more energy efficient technologies and processes to
reduce fossil fuel consumption and emissions.
Use of renewable energy, switching to renewable energy sources such as solar or
wind.
Switching fuels, switching from fossil fuels to cleaner fuels or to hydrogen can
significantly reduce emissions.
Strict rules and regulations, governments can impose stricter emissions regulations
and provide incentives for green innovation.
Industrial collaboration, the collaboration between companies to share solutions
and set common emission reduction targets.
These solutions that can be applied in the field of industry can significantly
contribute to reducing the impact of global warming.

 Legistlation
Reducing global warming through legislation involves a number of measures at
governmental and international level. Some possible legislative solutions:
 Buzea Daria
Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

Greenhouse gas emissions regulations governments can impose strict limits on

greenhouse gas emissions for industry, transportation, and energy production.
Promoting renewable energy, laws can encourage the development and use of
renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, through subsidies.
Protection of forests and ecosystems, Regulations may include measures to protect
forests and other ecosystems that absorb carbon dioxide. Education and awareness,
laws may require educational campaigns to increase public awareness of climate
change and ways to reduce impacts.
Carbon taxes and tariffs Imposing taxes and tariffs on carbon emissions can provide
economic incentives to reduce carbon emissions.

 Individually
Destruction of tropical forests is
responsible for almost a fifth of total CO2 emissions. Deforestation is very dangerous
because it can cause the collapse of entire regional climate systems, such as the
Amazon, for example.

Thus, each of us, who live in the block or even at home, can periodically plant trees
and any type of plants we want, influencing those around us to practice this activity.

we mainly buy efficient products from the point of view of energy consumption.
We are looking for the ones labeled as economical. The new household appliances
should contain a stop button, which completely disconnects them from the energy
source. let's give our computer total peace. When we turn it off, don't forget to unplug
it. thus it will consume very little energy

 Industrial strategy
We are taking action to maintain European industry’s global competitiveness, reach
climate-neutrality by 2050, and make Europe fit for the digital age. Among various
actions that help industry take advantage of the twin green and digital
transformations, the Commission is:

 supporting the transformation of EU energy-intensive industries to enable a climate-neutral,

circular economy by 2050
 empowering citizens by providing skills for industry
 promoting advanced technologies
 supporting innovation through policies and programmes
 taking action on intellectual property so companies can better manage and benefit from their non-
tangible assets
 developing clusters and pooling European, national and regional resources to aid the revitalisation of
regions
 providing platforms for discussion and dialogue, such as the annual EU Industry Days

Industrial alliances

Industrial alliances bring together a wide range of partners in a given industry or

value chain, including public and private actors, and civil society. They can play a
 Buzea Daria
Lazar Gabriel
Gaitan Daria
Baciu Denisa

role in achieving key EU policy objectives through joint action by all the interested
partners. Alliances have already delivered benefit in the area of batteries and circular
plastics. Building on this success, the Commission launched the European Clean
Hydrogen Alliance and the European Raw Materials Alliance

Sustainability and circular economy

For coherence between industrial, environmental, climate and energy policy, we

should optimise the business environment for sustainable growth, innovation and job
creation. Our ambitious agenda aims to make the EU economy circular, so products
and materials can maintain their value for as long as possible, yielding major
economic benefits. The Commission also supports European industry in the move to
a climate-neutral economy and is improving the energy efficiency of products
through ecodesign legislation.

Digital transformation

Digital technology is changing people’s lives. The EU’s digital strategy aims to make
this transformation work for people and businesses as well as adding to its target of a
climate-neutral Europe by 2050. We work to establish an environment where
businesses are encouraged to Digital Transformation adopt and develop digital
technologies, while earning citizens trust. To do this, the Commission launched the
European chips survey to support the semiconductor industry, and the Get Digital
initiative to scale digital solutions in the EU, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia.

Solutions:

Supporting innovative companies in the region

Supporting current and emerging clusters, as support for
the development of the regional innovative system.

 Economy