C13, C15, and C18 Engines Troubleshooting - ARD Loss of Combustion - Caterpillar Engines Troubleshooting

4/13/2021 C13, C15, and C18 Engines Troubleshooting – ARD Loss of Combustion | Caterpillar Engines Troubleshooting
Caterpillar Engines Troubleshooting

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 OCTOBER 14, 2020
C13, C15, and C18 Engines Troubleshooting – ARD Loss of

Combustion
System Operation Description:
Table 1 lists the diagnostic code that relates to the combustion air system.
Note: Some of the following codes may not be applicable for certain applications.
Note: Refer to Troubleshooting, “Cat ET Service Features” for information about service features.
Table 1
Diagnostic Trouble Codes
CDL J1939 Description Comments

Code Code
E1026 3474- Aftertreatment The Aftertreatment Regeneration Device (ARD) has stopped
(1) 14 #1 Loss of generating heat at least four times during an active high speed
Combustion regeneration.
Associated codes may indicate the system that caused the loss of
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combustion to occur.
The code must be cleared with the “Reset All” button on the active
diagnostics screen in Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET). If an
active regeneration is initiated with the operator forced
regeneration switch, the Engine Control Module (ECM) clears this
code automatically.
E1026 3474- Aftertreatment The ARD has stopped generating heat at least four times during an
(2) 31 #1 Loss of active regeneration.
Combustion Associated codes may indicate the system that caused the loss of
combustion to occur.
The code must be cleared with the “Reset All” button on the active
diagnostics screen in Cat ET. If an active regeneration is initiated
with the operator forced regeneration switch, the ECM clears this
code automatically.
Follow the troubleshooting procedure in order to identify the root cause of the problem.
System Operation
The combustion air system routes pressurized air from the outlet of the turbocharger compressor to the
ARD. The combustion air is mixed with fuel inside the ARD. The air/fuel mixture is ignited and the air/fuel
mixture is burned in order to provide heat for the diesel particulate lter.
Illustration 1 and Illustration 2 show the location of the components for the combustion air system.
Illustration 1 g01943382 Privacy - Terms
Typical combustion air system
(1) Outlet for the combustion air to ARD combustion head
Illustration 2 g02022290
Overview for the ARD combustion head
(2) Flame detection temperature sensor
(3) Electrical connection for the ARD nozzle heater
(4) ARD pilot lter connector
(5) ARD main lter connector
(6) ARD combustion head
(7) ARD spark plug
(8) Inlet for the combustion air
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CEM (typical)
(9) Combustion air valve
(10) Inlet for the combustion air valve
(11) Combustion air valve controller
(12) Combustion air absolute pressure sensor
(13) Control group for the combustion air
(14) Piping for the combustion air
(15) ARD combustion head Privacy - Terms
(16) Inlet for the combustion air to the ARD combustion head
The ECM receives the signal from the combustion air pressure sensor. The ECM uses the signal to
determine the amount of combustion air that is owing to the ARD combustion head.
The ECM creates a pulse width modulated signal that speci es the amount of combustion air that is
desired. The ECM sends the signal to the control group.
The actuator for the combustion air receives the PWM signal from the ECM. The actuator for the
combustion air moves a spool in the air pressure control valve. The combustion air valve regulates the
combustion air to the ARD head.
Table 2
Associated Diagnostic Trouble Codes
CDL Code J1939 Code
2489-7 3487-7
2489-13 3487-13
E1050 3480-15 or -16
E1052 3480-17 or -18
E1051 4077-15 or -16
E1053 4077-17 or -18
E1045 102-18
E1070 3556-7
Table 3
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
1. Check for Associated Diagnostic Trouble CodesA. Diagnostic Result: An associated

Establish communication between Cat ET and the code diagnostic trouble code
Electronic Control Module (ECM). Refer to is not present.Proceed to
Troubleshooting, “Electronic Service Tools”, if necessary. Test Step 2.
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B. Download the “Warranty Report” from the engine ECM Result: An associated
before performing any troubleshooting or clearing diagnostic trouble code
diagnostic trouble codes. is present.
C. If troubleshooting a 1026 or a 3474 code, access the Refer to

Aftertreatment Regeneration History in Cat ET. Click on Troubleshooting,
the information tab, then click History, and then click “Diagnostic Trouble
Aftertreatment Regeneration History. If there were three Codes” in order to
successful regenerations since the code was logged, do not troubleshoot the
troubleshoot this code. Clear the code and return the unit associated diagnostic
to service. code.
Table 2 lists the diagnostic trouble codes that are

associated with a E1026 code. Determine if any of the
codes in Table 2 are present.
2. Check the Current Flow Through the HeaterA. Verify Between 7.0 The current ow is
that the engine is off. Check the current ow through the A and 14 A between 7.0 A and 14 A
heater. Refer to Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting, for a 12 V for a 12 V system. Or, the
“ARD Nozzle Heater – Test” for the correct procedure. system. Or, current ow is between
between 3.5 3.5 A and 7 A for a 24 V
A and 7 A for system.Result: The
a 24 V current ow is OK.
system
Proceed to Test Step 3.
Result: The current ow

is not between 7.0 A and
14 A for a 12 V system.
Or, the current ow is
not between 3.5 A and 7
A for a 24 V system.
There may be a problem

with the ARD nozzle.
Refer to
Troubleshooting, “ARD
Nozzle – Test”.
3. Perform the “ARD Air System Service Test”A. Reset all ARD Air Result: The “ARD Air
active codes and clear all logged codes. Use Cat ET to System System Service Test”
perform an “ARD Air System Service Test” in order to verify Service Test failed.There is a problem
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that the problem is resolved. Refer to Troubleshooting, with the ARD

“ARD Combustion Air – Test”. combustion air. Refer to
Troubleshooting, “ARD
Combustion Air – Test”.
Result: The “ARD Air

System Service Test”
passed.
(2) Flame detection temperature sensor
Table 4
4. Clean the Flame Detection Temperature Flame Result: The components are clean.
SensorA. Remove ame detection temperature detection The ame detection temperature
sensor (2). temperature sensor is not damaged. Install the
sensor ame detection sensor.Proceed to
Test Step 5.
B. Clean the ame detection temperature sensor.
Use a nonmetallic cleaning pad to clean the
sensor.
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Result: The ame detection

temperature is damaged. Replace
ame detection temperature
sensor.
5. Check the ARD for Proper OperationA. Reset ARD Result: The test is
all active codes and clear all logged codes. Use Cat ignition test successful.Proceed to Test Step 8.
ET to perform an “ARD Ignition Test” in order to
verify that the problem is resolved.
Result: The test is not successful.
The ARD Ignition Test cannot be performed if the Proceed to Test Step 6.
DPF soot loading is above 80%. When the DPF
soot loading is above 80%, the Manual DPF
Regeneration must be performed using Cat ET.
ARD head (typical)
(17) Pilot tting that contains the lter
(18) Main tting that contains the lter (If equipped)
Table 5
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6. Replace the Fittings that Contain the Filter in the ARD Filter Result: The “ARD Ignition
HeadA. Replace the ttings that contain the lters in the ARD ttings Test” was successful and no
head. codes were logged.Proceed
to Test Step 8.
B. Reset all active codes and clear all logged codes by cycling
the keyswitch to the Off position. Result: The “ARD Ignition
Test” was not successful.
C. Perform the “ARD Ignition Test” using Cat ET. Refer to
System Operation and Testing and Adjusting , “ARD Fuel Proceed to Test Step 7.
System – Test”.
The ARD Ignition Test cannot be performed if the DPF soot

loading is above 80%. When the DPF soot loading is above
80%, the Manual DPF Regeneration must be performed using
Cat ET.
(19) Fouled slot
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(20) Acceptable soot accumulation
Table 6
7. Inspect ARD Swirl Plate Swirl plate Result: The swirl plate is
fouled.
A. Remove ARD head. Refer to Disassembly and

Assembly, “Combustion Head Group (ARD) – Remove Clean the swirl plate. Refer
and Install – Clean Emissions Module” for the proper to Testing and Adjusting,
procedure to remove the ARD combustion head. “Swirl Plate (ARD
Combustion) –
Soot accumulation is normal. Slot fouling is de ned as Inspect/Clean “.
more than 1/2 the inner row slots being completely
blocked. Partially blocked inner row slots are normal Reset all active codes and
and do not affect regeneration performance. Refer to clear all logged codes.
Illustrations 6 and 7 to verify if the swirl plate is fouled. Perform the “ARD Ignition
Test” in Cat ET and verify
B. Inspect the swirl plate for fouled slots. Refer to that there are no fuel leaks.
Illustrations 6 and 7 to verify if the swirl plate is fouled.
The ARD Ignition Test
cannot be performed if the
DPF soot loading is above
80%. When the DPF soot
loading is above 80%, the
Manual DPF Regeneration
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must be performed using

Cat ET.
Result: The swirl plate is not

fouled.
Replace the ARD

combustion head. Refer to
Special Instruction,
REHS4824, “Replacement of
the ARD Combustion Head
on Caterpillar Products with
Clean Emissions Modules”.
Reset all active codes and

clear all logged codes.
Perform the “ARD Ignition
Test” in Cat ET and verify
that there are no fuel leaks.
The ARD Ignition Test

cannot be performed if the
DPF soot loading is above
80%. When the DPF soot
loading is above 80%, the
Manual DPF Regeneration
must be performed using
Cat ET.
8. Perform a “Manual DPF Regeneration” Manual DPF Result: The “Manual DPF
Regeneration Regeneration” completed
successfully. There are no
This test must be performed through Cat ET. The Cat additional codes.
ET service tool enhances the diagnostics during the
service test.
Return the unit to service.
A. Clear all diagnostic codes.
Result: The “Manual DPF
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Regeneration” did not
B. Click the “Disconnect” icon on Cat ET in order to complete successfully. There

disconnect Cat ET from the engine ECM. are additional codes.
C. Turn the keyswitch to the Off position. Wait for ve Troubleshoot the additional
seconds. codes before returning the
unit to service. Refer to
D. Turn the keyswitch to the On position. Troubleshooting for the
correct procedure.
E. Click the “Connect” icon on Cat ET in order to
connect Cat ET to the engine ECM. Verify that the problem is
resolved.
F. Start the engine. Allow the engine to idle for three
minutes.
Do not use the operators switch for a stationary

regeneration. The service tests provide enhanced
diagnostics that are necessary for proper
troubleshooting and repair.
G. Start a “Manual DPF Regeneration” in Cat ET.
The ECM tests the nozzles for plugging after the

“Manual DPF Regeneration” is complete.
Approximately 10 minutes are required in order for the
test to provide a result. A code will become active if the
nozzles are plugged.
Test Step 1.
Complete the procedure in the order in which the steps are listed.
Results:
The procedure corrected the issue. – STOP

The procedure did not correct the issue. –Repair: Contact your Cat dealer Technical Communicator
(TC). For further assistance, your TC can confer with the Dealer Solutions Network (DSN).
STOP
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4/13/2021 C13, C15, and C18 Engines Troubleshooting – ARD Loss of Combustion | Caterpillar Engines Troubleshooting

Caterpillar Engines Troubleshooting

 OCTOBER 14, 2020

C13, C15, and C18 Engines Troubleshooting – ARD Loss of

System Operation Description:

Diagnostic Trouble Codes

CDL J1939 Description Comments

Illustration 1 g01943382 Privacy - Terms

Typical combustion air system

(1) Outlet for the combustion air to ARD combustion head

(2) Flame detection temperature sensor

(3) Electrical connection for the ARD nozzle heater

(4) ARD pilot lter connector

(5) ARD main lter connector

(6) ARD combustion head

(7) ARD spark plug

(8) Inlet for the combustion air

(9) Combustion air valve

(10) Inlet for the combustion air valve

(11) Combustion air valve controller

(12) Combustion air absolute pressure sensor

(13) Control group for the combustion air

(14) Piping for the combustion air

(15) ARD combustion head Privacy - Terms

Associated Diagnostic Trouble Codes

CDL Code J1939 Code

E1050 3480-15 or -16

E1052 3480-17 or -18

E1051 4077-15 or -16

E1053 4077-17 or -18

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results

1. Check for Associated Diagnostic Trouble CodesA. Diagnostic Result: An associated

C. If troubleshooting a 1026 or a 3474 code, access the Refer to

Table 2 lists the diagnostic trouble codes that are

Proceed to Test Step 3.

Result: The current ow

There may be a problem

that the problem is resolved. Refer to Troubleshooting, with the ARD

Result: The “ARD Air

Proceed to Test Step 4.

(2) Flame detection temperature sensor

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results

Result: The ame detection

Proceed to Test Step 5.

ARD head (typical)

(17) Pilot tting that contains the lter

(18) Main tting that contains the lter (If equipped)

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results

The ARD Ignition Test cannot be performed if the DPF soot

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results

A. Remove ARD head. Refer to Disassembly and

must be performed using

Proceed to Test Step 8.

Result: The swirl plate is not

Replace the ARD

Reset all active codes and

The ARD Ignition Test