SOCIAL GROUP Not all collections of people are considered as groups.

-a collection of two or more people who participate in an enduring There are certain sets of people which lack the essential features of a
social interaction and relationship. social group. These collections of people may NOT have:
● a patterned social interaction,
a functional integration,
FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION-
●

● a sense of belongingness, or common interests, and

Refers to how members relate with each other in terms of their role norms that guide their actions.
in the social group.

AGGREGATES
WHAT BINDS SOCIAL GROUPS?
Quasi-groups which possess physical proximity, but lack an enduring
-

-shared experiences social interaction.

-common interests In this grouping, there is no sense of group
-a shared sense of identity identity.
-social norms
Example of aggregates;
- a crowd in a festival\
Ex. - customers in the same restaurant
A FAMILY is functionally integrated, and each member possesses - passengers of a public utility
roles which should be fulfilled for the maintenance of the group.

PARENTS serve as providers of support and care financially, emotionally,

and physically. CATEGORY
OFFSPRINGS function as receivers of social norms, values, and
traditions, which would be passed on to the next generation to come. These people may not be physically together, and may have limited
EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL GROUPS; to no social interaction at all, but their common status evokes a
sense of belongingness and identity.
- Peer group/ friends
- Church groups
- -classmates/ workmates Example
- Neighborhood
- Ofw
- Filipino women\
 - Muslims
- Roman catholics
It is, however, possible that a social group might arise from an
aggregate or a category. With the right timing and situation,
members of these quasi-groups may organize themselves into social
groups.
EXAMPLE: A category of laborers from different factories may
form a workers’ union to voice out their demands to their respective
employers.
- neigbors
SECONDARY GROUP
a social group with a relatively large membership and an
impersonal relationship among its members.
Secondary groups are goal oriented in nature, as opposed to primary
groups, which are more personal.
Secondary groups exist to pursue a specific goal or activity. They
serve only as instruments to achieving certain goals and objectives.

PRIMARY GROUP Example;

a small social group whose members share personal and lasting - Co-workers
relationships.
- School organizations

in some circumstances, it is possible that a primary group may

Charles Horton Cooley, an American sociologist, introduced the
concept of primary group to describe certain groups in the society. emerge from a secondary group.
For example, co-workers may foster a personal relationship, in which
intimacy and strong emotional ties are involved.
He regarded the FAMILIES as primary groups, because they are the

first groups experienced by an individual .

student members of a school organization may bond with each other
and move past their impersonal relationship, forming a more
Example: personal and intimate bond with each other.

-families
-friends
This aims to improve Filipino students’ mathematical,
-
scientific, and linguistic competence - Kto12 Program
Education from a decade ago has changed drastically.
In the Philippines alone, all students are now required to
take 13 years of formal school, instead of just ten years.
Moreover, curriculums have been adjusted so that students
can have sufficient time to master skills and concepts.
DEFINITION OF EDUCATION-Most people
equate education with schools, but there is a
huge difference between these two.
Education
The various ways through which knowledge is passed on to
the other members of the society.
KNOWLEDGE can be in the form of factual data, skills,
norms, and values.
Schooling-
The formal education one receives under a specially
trained teacher.
Education evolves from time to time and from country to
country.
Middle Ages in Great Britain
Education was reserved only for the NOBILITY, and the kind of
education they received was focused on classical subjects that HAD
NOTHING TO DO WITH EARNING A LIVING.
Japan
Education was open to the nobility, but it was the Zen
Buddhist monasteries and the Ashikaga Gakko – which
focused on Chinese medicine, Confucianism, and the I Ching –
that drove it forward
Meanwhile, in the 1900s,
Education became more mainstream and could
be accessed by workers and commoners.
In Russia, education became a key component to becoming an
INDUSTRIAL POWER, hence prompting the creation of a
STANDARDIZED EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM that was
under the control of the government.
Unlike in the earlier years when students had the freedom to
choose what they wanted to learn, teachers were then
required to teach based on a pre-defined curriculum.
Often, that curriculum focused on socialist values and
academic excellence.
 OTHER FRONTS not TOTALLY controlled by the government
- PRIVATE EDUCATION
- OPEN EDUCATION
Eventually
- INFORMAL LEARNING
Each generation of students received a fixed body of - INDIGENOUS EDUCATION
knowledge which often reflected the concerns and - SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
needs of the generation.
The Five Functions of Formal Education
Example 1. Socialization
Education is used to PROMOTE THE
-Modern education in the US is focused on developing skills NORMS & VALUES OF A SOCIETY from
that students will need when they enter the job market.
one generation to the next
-Practical arts and art have LESS ROOM in the curriculum, In some countries, the transmission function of education is taken on by
families.
but computer science and coding have gained center stage
However, in more advanced countries, social institutions such as schools
become important as the family can no longer provide the tools and
WE NOW ENDED UP WITH VARIOUS FRONTS OF important knowledge
EDUCATION From EARLY CHILDHOOD, students in formal education learn their
native language, as well as the mathematical skill they

FORMAL EDUCATION (or schooling) will need to function in society.

Refers to the complete educational ladder all children must Such learning expands in secondary and tertiary education, as students are
go through from childhood up to adulthood. prepared to adapt to his changing realities

2. Social Integration
Education promotes desired values and
ensures CONFORMITY.
In cases of DEVIANCE, it provides widely known approaches to
convert.
For example, mandatory education laws in the US ensured that all
immigrants to the country knew what was desirable and undesirable
in the US society because they had to be educated in the US schools
3. Social Placement
Formal education helps students to DISCOVER
APPROVED STATUSES AND ROLES that will
help the society’s longevity.
Educational systems consider the various talents and interests
of students and attempt to provide OPPORTUNITIES that
provide a good fit for these talents and interests.
Formal education, in a way, is an equalizer. It focuses on
achievement, rather than educational
background.
4. Cultural Innovation
Educational institutions are the center of cultural innovation because
they STIMULATE INTELLECTUAL INQUIRY and
PROMOTE CRITICAL THINKING .
It enables new ideas to develop, as well as provide bases for
new knowledge to become accepted in the mainstream.
Through schools:
Theories are proven;
technologies are improved; and
cultures can adapt to the changing society.
5. Latent Functions
As more families have both parents working at the
same time, schools tend to become an institution
of CHILD CARE.
As children have to be in school, parents can have time to perform
their economic duties without being burdened with childcare duties.
It later led to the ESTABLISHMENT OF
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS that would have a
lasting impact on the life of a child.
We have heard of students ascribing their success to their teachers or successful
businesspeople who rely on their social networks to promote their businesses.
Many of the social ties a child forms in the course of their schooling are lasting
social networks and would impact various aspects of their lives.
“Education is the most powerful weapon
which you can use to change the world.”Nelson
Mandela
(The first black president of South Africa

October 17, 2017
President Rodrigo Durterte declared Marawi City
as free from terrorist influence, and the city began to
rebuild itself after five months of conflict.
The war against the terrorists did not only cause deaths
and destruction of property, but it also led to the
interruption of education.
All 59 public schools in the city were either
destroyed or heavily damaged.
The status of education as a human right is
no new thing.
Many international conventions have reaffirmed this right
● International Covenant on Economic,
● Social and Cultural Rights,
● Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women,
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Despite the consensus on the importance of education,
human rights advocates continue to campaign for it due to
two reasons:
1. When children receive basic PRIMARY EDUCATION,
they will be able to learn the BASICS OF LITERACY AND
NUMERACY, and hence, gain the BASIC SOCIAL AND
LIFE SKILLS they need to be an active member of society
and live a fulfilling life
2. Many children around the world still DO NOT HAVE
ACCESS even to basic primary education .
In 2000, the UN launched the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs),
Statistics show that by 2015, enrollment in primary
education increased by 8 percent, reaching 91% from 83%
from 15 years earlier.
While this is a clear win for the UN, there is still a long way to go
before the goal of universal primary education is reached.
The campaign continues as more and more children are driven
out of school due to armed conflict.
Three Facets of the Right to Education
The right to education goes beyond having the capacity to go to
school.
Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
underscores three basic rights in relation to education
1. Education enables individuals to exercise all
their rights.
Through basic education, individuals are able to know
about their rights and are able to assert them. They are able
to:
• get good paying jobs,
• participate fully in the political process,
• care for their environment,
• cooperate with their fellow men, and
• fight for equality and justice.
2. All children have a
right to quality
education.
It is not enough that children are able to access education. They
must be afforded with an education that:
• meets their needs and
• prepares them for future challenges in their adulthood.
In this aspect, learning outcomes are important indicators of
success
3. All children must be given the
same educational opportunities.
Socio-economic background, capacities, and location should
not be a factor in a child’s education.
• Wherever the child is living, there should be
schools that are able to provide him or her with an
education that is at par with international
standards.
• Children with disabilities should be allowed to
go to school.
• The curriculum, their teachers, and class activities
have to be adapted to fit their needs.
Education in the Philippines
As of 2013, the Philippine Statistics Authority shows that
there are almost 10,000 private education institutions
operating in the country.
20.1% of them are offering pre-school education;
17.5% of them are engaged in primary education;
25.6% are in secondary education, and
26% are involved in tertiary education.
1. Because the LACK OF TEACHERS &
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES are perennial problems in
the Philippines, having these many private schools might
sound like a good idea.
The rise in private education is an indication of the
government’s failure to meet their obligation in ensuring
universal, free, and high-quality education for their
citizens.-Kishore Singh
(UN special rapporteur on the right to education
What’s the problem ?
Education becomes a privilege for the well-to-do
and could lead to continued marginalization and
exclusion of those who are already marginalized.
It creates SOCIAL INEQUALITY and is a clear
infringement of the human rights law.
. As state colleges
are rare in many countries, there is UNEQUAL
ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION
In the Philippines, until recently, a family must
have at least PHP50, 000 PER CHILD PER
YEAR in order to send their children to a state
university.
-While free college education in the country is
currently being implemented, there is no
assurance as to how long it will continue.
-Most state universities and colleges can
only accommodate a number of students, and
a vast majority of secondary school
graduates must enter private universities for
tertiary education.
Statistics also show that the average family income
for the same year was only at PHP 22,000 per
month with 41.9% of the family’s total
expenditures allotted for food.

If an average Filipino family has two to three

children, it is clear that very few can afford to send
their children to good schools.