PLANT

KINGDOM

SMPK PENABUR Jakarta

Bilingual Class – 7th Grade
Learning
Objectives
• Students are able to
understand and describe
the characteristics of each
groups in plants kingdom.
• Able to explain some
roles/benefits of plants to
the ecosystem or even in
human life.
Mosses/Bryophytes
 The Existence of Bryophytes within the Plantae Kingdom

Non-vascular
Plants Bryophytes

Kingdom
Plantae
Gymnospermae

Spermatophytes
Seed Plants
Angiospermae

Vascular Plants
(Tracheophytes)
Pteridophytes
Ferns
 Bryophytes

• Bryophytes derived from Greek word,

bryum, which means a moss.
• Roots, stems, and leaves can’t be clearly
differentiated.
• Do not have a transporting tissue (vessels:
xylem and phloem). But it does have
chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
• Habitat: high-humidity places.
• Mosses are known as Pioneer Plants because
of their ability to live in rough, barren areas
that more complex plants cannot survive in.
 Classification of Bryophytes

Bryophytes
Mosses Liverworts Hornworts
(Bryopsida) (Hepaticopsida) (Anthoceratopsida)
 Bryopsida

✔ Has the most-similar

morphology to vascular-plants
(roots, shoots, leaves) = foliose
✔ Comprises with the largest
number of species (10,000
species)
✔ Grow mostly in an environment
with high humidity
✔ Sporophytes size is smaller
than any other group of
bryophytes
 Bryopsida

Polytricum commune Sphagnum squarossum

Polytricum juniperinum

Pogonatum sp.
 Hepaticopsida

▪ Its leaf-like
morphology divided
into 2 lobi (heart
shaped)
▪ Having elaters, cells
Marchantia polymorpha
that help spread
spores in sporophyte
stage
▪ Asexual reproduction
also done by
Gemma’s Cup.
 Anthoceropsida

▪ Gametophyte: the same shape with liverworts

▪ It has an elongated sporangium like a horn
▪ Each cell has a single, big chloroplast.
▪ Example: Anthoceros laevis, Nothoceros aenigmaticus
 Roles and Benefits of Bryophytes

⮚ In the ecosystem, bryophytes roled as :

1. Oxygen providers
2. Water storing plants
3. Pollutant absorbent
⮚ Bryophytes produce several benefits for human:
1. Marchantia polymorpha, herbs for hepatitic patient.
2. Spaghnum sp., can be used as a substitute for cotton
3. Some species can be processed for skin and eyes
medication.
PTERIDOPHYTES
Ferns & friends

SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA

Bilingual Class – 7th Grade
General characteristics
① Flourish in a damp, cool, shady
habitats, altough some species also
grow in sandy soil conditions.
General characteristics
2. Produces spores –
homosporous and
heterosporous.
• Spores (haploid) are
produced by a
meiosis in a
sporangium
(sporangia).
Sporangia are
located in leaf-like
appendages called
as sporophyll.
 General characteristics

3. Two types of leaves

based on the presence of
spores (Fertile=spores,
Sterile=no spores)
• Two types of the size of
the leaf: small/microphyll
(e.g., Sellaginela) and
large/macrophyll (e.g.,
ferns).
 General characteristics

4. Fiddleheads are young

leaves of a fern
Classification
Psilopsida (paku purba)
• The most primitive pteridophytes.
• Rootless with rhizoids.
• Photosynthetic stem.
Rhynia
• Leaves often absent.
Tmesipteris lanceolatus
• Homosporous.

Psilotum nudum
Horneophyton
Spores Synangium
Lycopsida (Paku Kawat)
Lycopodium squarossum
• Differentiated plant
structure.
• Microphyllus leaves.
• Sporophylls aggregate to
form strobili or cones.
Strobilli
• Both homosporous
(Lycopodium) and
Selaginella plana heterosporous
(Selaginella).
• Gametophyte depends on
fungus as food
Lycopsida: Strobili

Strobilli

Sporangia

Leaves
Sphenopsida (Paku ekor kuda)
• Also known as ‘horse-
tail’ ferns.
• Differentiated plant
body.
• Stem joined with nodes
and internodes.
• Scally leaves seen as
whorl around the node.
• Sporangia forming
strobili or cones.
• Homosporous.
Pteropsida (Paku sejati)
• Most widely distributed
pteridophytes.
• Differentiated plant structure.
• Leaves: macrophyllous, called
as fronds.
• Young leaves show circinate
vernation (spirally coiled).
• Sporangia form sorus/sori on
the lower side of the leaf.
• Homosporous (Pteris) or
heterosporous (Marsilea).
• Multiflagellated Antherozoids.
Pteropsida
Pteris muricata

Marsiela minuta

Sorus
Uses of
Pteridopythes

• Ornamental plants, e.g.,

Pteris, Nephrolepis,
Polystichum make a
beautiful garden!
• Soil-binders, e.g., prevent
erosion on highland.
• Medicinal plants, e.g.,
rheumatism, asthma,
blood circulation,
digestion, etc.
Spermatophytes
– Seed Plants
SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA
Bilingual Class – 7th Grade
Try to answer these questions!

1. What are the two major groups of seed-bearing plants?

2. What are the differences of the two groups?
a….
b….
3. What are the characteristics of the two groups?
a….
b….
4. Write 3 examples each of the two groups!
a….
b….
5. Angiosperms are also divided into two groups, which is … and
…
6. What are the differences between the groups?
7. Write 3 examples of each of the two groups!
Spermatophytes: Seed-bearing plants
Gymnosperms
[Gymno: naked;
Sperma: seed]
Conifers

Angiosperms
[Angeion: case;
Sperma: seed]
Flowering
Plants
 Similarities and Differences

Seeds are Seeds are not

enclose inside enclose inside
the fruit, the fruit,
because they are because they are
flowering plants non-flowering
(with ovaries). plants.
 1.
Characteristics of
Gymnosperm 2.
Plant
3.

4.
Classification of Gymnosperms
1. Cycadophytes, resembles a
palm tree, has few branches, and
has pinnate leaves. E.g., Cycas
rumphii
2. Gnetophytes, woody stems and
branched, and single leaf. E.g.,
Gnetum gnemon
3. Coniferophytes, exists in
shrubs/trees, cone-shaped
canopy, and needle-leaf. E.g.,
Pinus merkusii
4. Ginkgophytes, woody stems
and branched, and fan-shaped
leaves. E.g., Ginkgo biloba
 Coniferophytes

Cycadophytes

Gnetophytes Ginkgophytes
Classification of
Angiosperms
1. Monocotyledoneae, consists of
11 orders & 45 families. For
example: Oryza sativa (Graminae),
Cocos nucifera (Palmae), Musa
paradisiaca (Musaceae), etc.
2. Dicotyledoneae, consists of 44
orders & 261 families. For
example: Hevea brasiliensis
(Euphorbiaceae), Mimosa pudica
(Papilionaceae), Solanum
lycopersicum & Solanum
tuberosum (Solanaceae), etc.
 The families of monocots are:

1. The grass family (Graminae) e.g grasses, rice plants,

and corn plants
2. The palm family (Palmae) e.g coconuts, sagoo, Areca
catechu, and sugar palms
3. The banana family (Musaceae) e.g pisang/banana
4. The ginger family (Zingiberaceae) e.g. Gingers,
galangals and turmerics
5. The Orchids family (Orchidaceae) e.g. Moon orchids,
Scorpion orchids, and Vanila
 There are several families of dicots
1. The spurge family
(Euphorbiaceae) e.g rubber tree
and cassava
2. The legume family
(Leguminoceae) e.g peanut,
touch-me-not plant, and peas
(Pisum sativum)
3. The nightshades plants
(Solanaceae) e.g eggplants, chili
peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes
Ecological
Roles and Housing/
Building
Uses
Oxygen Medicinal
producers Plants

Pollutant
absorbents

Energy
Foods Source
Daily
needs
FUNCTION OF ANGIOSPERM
• FOR FOOD: RICE PLANT, CASSAVA, CORN, FRUIT,
VEGETABLE, ETC
• FOR CLOTHES: COTTON PLANT(Gosypium sp.)
• FOR MEDICINE, SPICES AND DRINK: QUININE, GINGER,
PEPPER, TEA, CHOCOLATE, ETC
• FOR BUILDING MATERIAL: TEAKWOOD, ETC
• FOR ORNAMENTAL: JASMINE, PALM, IXORA, ROSE,
HIBISCUS, ETC
Hypogeal Epygeal

Pinnately/palmately

Fibrous root
Taproot