Managing People

MGMT6008

Annotated Bibliography

Student: SHAHIN MAHMOOD

ID: 48001317
(1) El Hajal, G., & Rowson, B. (2021). The future of hospitality jobs: The rise of the gig worker.
Research in Hospitality Management, 11(3), 185–190.
https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2021.2006938
(2) Introduction – This article described the impact of changes in technologies like smartphones,
social media, and other platforms that create lots of opportunities for people to make money.
With the help of technology, AI, and the gig economy people can run their own businesses.
(3) Method and Scope – The articles talk about Ambiguity in the workplace where they describe the
truck driver's job. They also discuss Algorithmic management systems, which were invented by
Frederick W. Taylor. They also widely discuss Uber and Deliveroo types of apps.
(4) Findings - The finding in this section is about the delivery truck driver who is actually Gig workers
but they have no freedom to choose other jobs. They only have to work for a fixed company
where they have to purchase their own truck and wear uniforms also which need to use the
company logo. They can be removed as a contractor at will for not meeting the service’s
standards or expectations. It’s described as a so-called gig work. In contrast, the organization
saves costs by not having the on-costs of employees by, for example, saving on employee
benefits such as pensions, sick pay, and paid holidays (Taylor et al., 2017). Secondly, employees
in a gig economy may be free to choose when to work but not how to work or, perhaps more
crucially, how much they are paid (O’Conner, 2016).
(5) Limitations and Quality of the Reference – In this research paper I found that the authors only
talk about gig works which are online based. Such as Uber, Deliveroo, Amazon, etc. But there are
lots of gig works that are offline. They did not mention those in this paper.
(6) Evaluation of usefulness - This study provides a useful reference point because my proposed
research study begins with a qualitative component. The research paper is based on the future
of hospitality jobs. The word gig actually came from the music and entertainment business.
That’s why they relate the word with hospitality. At a glance, this article describes the history of
gig work and demonstrates types of gig work. Also the advantage and drawbacks.
(1) Abd Samad, K., Abd Rahman, N. H., Ismail, S., & Marmaya, N. H. (2023). Is the well-being of gig
workers in Malaysia better? The reality of pain and gain. International Review of Applied
Economics, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2023.2240243
(2) Introduction – This article is based on the increasing demand for gig work in Malaysia. Before the
Covid situation and during the Covid situation how were people more engaged with gig works.
(3) Method and Scope – The research is based on face-to-face or online interviews with 11 gig
workers. The interview questionnaire was according to previous research regarding the problem,
challenges, and opportunities faced by gig workers throughout their careers as well as the
policies involved.
(4) Findings – From the profile of 11 interviewer’s researcher found that over half of them work for
one specific platform named Grab and the rest of the others do for other online platforms. 8 of
them working for less than 2 years. Most of them started GIG work during the COVID-19
situation. They have different educational backgrounds. Among them, 4 have full-time jobs and
others do part-time jobs.

(5) Limitations and Quality of the Reference – In this research paper it is basically based on
Malaysia. Researchers only took interviews with 11 GIG workers from only 3 to 4 cities. If they
select 10 people from each city the result will be clearer. Though this paper will help future
research on Malaysian gig workers.

(6) Evaluation of usefulness - This study provides a useful reference point because my proposed
research study begins with a qualitative component. The research paper is based on Malaysian
gig workers. This study examined the problem and challenges faced by gig workers in Malaysia.
This research also revealed why people are encouraged to join in gig works. This study also
suggests that Malaysian study boards prepare students for both formal and informal jobs.
Though there are no other benefits in gig work such as social security, retirement pension, or
health insurance they urge authorities to make policies.
(1) Haque, F., & Rahman Dard, A. (2023). New Face of Job Quality Challenge in India: Gig Worker
Studies. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics, 11(1), 101–109.
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2017.011.01.8
(2) Introduction – This research aims to describe the gig worker challenge and opportunity
including job quality in India remembering that gig work is spreading rapidly among nations
and has been the source of earning for most of the destitute population
(3) Method and Scope – This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach.
The author used the semi-structured interview with 10 (ten) informants by using purposive
sampling with snowballing technique. The informants are the GIG worker who works around
Indian metro cities.
(4) Findings – The way their economic, psychological, and social aspects are grilled with the
least positive chances of betterment has been our concern. The three aggregate dimensions
mainly focus on, the economic, psychological, and social well-being of employees.
(5) Limitations and Quality of the Reference – This research is based on India. This research may
use for government to improve the job quality of GIG workers. If nations could not come up
with formal and permanent employment opportunities, the job quality of the gig economy
can at least be enhanced.

(6) Evaluation of usefulness – In this research paper authors try to mainly focus on the
economic, psychological, and social well-being of Indian gig employees. This study shows the
poor job quality of gig workers in India. This is the first study pertaining to the job quality of
Indian gig workers. This research paper can be used to improve job quality, social security,
and other benefit for Indian gig workers. Therefore strong government support is also
needed to make strong regulations.
(1) Sutherland, W., Jarrahi, M. H., Dunn, M., & Nelson, S. B. (2020). Work Precarity and Gig
Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 457–475.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019886511
(2) Introduction – This article focuses on the critical challenges of online freelancing and the ways in
which gig workers generate creative literacies to handle these challenges. As self-employed
independent workers, gig workers offer their services and products to clients on a fixed-term or
project basis (Kuhn and Maleki, 2017).
(3) Method and Scope – For this research paper authors choose Upwork because it has the largest
and most active user base among all the online freelancing marketplaces. Furthermore, focusing
on Upwork allows them to look at the role of digital labor platforms in the context of skilled
knowledge work. Data were collected from four different sources: policy and help documents
published by Upwork, semi-structured interviews with freelancers, semi-structured interviews
with clients, and direct observation of the website through walkthrough analysis.
(4) Findings – Upwork’s platform facilitated payment, and in some cases tracked time and efficiency,
but otherwise left the nature of the work to be done open-ended, intentionally allowing for
various and evolving projects. Workers had to develop particular skills in order to navigate many
obstacles and uncertainties intentionally and unintentionally imposed by the platform. Also the
rating system by Upwork for which workers had to compete for the gigs in the marketplace. They
also keep them safe from scam gigs and secure money transfers.
(5) Limitations and Quality of the Reference – Our findings reflect some core difficulties of
precarious work, such as the difficulty of interacting directly with the market, building a personal
brand, and a general inability to rely on the resources of an organization (Gandini, 2016;
Petriglieri et al., 2018; Yoganarasimhan, 2013). This article is based on the Upwork platform.
There are many limitations. However, researchers tried to focus on these issues and they tried to
address those difficulties and freelancers assume a set of literacies associated with navigating
and using digital platforms effectively.
(6) Evaluation of usefulness – This study provides a useful reference point because my proposed
research study begins with a qualitative component. This study paper is based on the online gig
platform Upwork, which is the biggest platform for gig workers. In particular, the literature on
precarious work casts a spotlight on work arrangements, which involve shorter relationships
with employers – more contingent engagement, and a shift of risk from employers to workers.
Precarity in this context is a significant issue for independent workers because their work is
variable and unreliable.
 (1) Khan, T. H., MacEachen, E., & Dunstan, D. (2022). What Social Supports Are Available to
Self-Employed People When Ill or Injured? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Canada and
Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5310–.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095310
(2) Introduction – This article aims to describe the increasing number of self-employed people in the
last few decades due to dramatic technological advances in Australia and Canada. They tried to
find out how a growing working population of self-employed people access welfare state social
support systems when they are away from work due to injury and sickness in the two
comparable countries of Canada and Australia- in terms of social, political, and cultural contexts.
(3) Method and Scope – They adopted ‘interpretive policy analysis’ as a methodological framework,
which is a widely used approach for policy analysis or policy research and involves analyzing
public policies, as a form of text or representation of social actions. This approach focuses on
contexts. They also analyzed a range of secondary data related to work disability policy and
practice in Canada and Australia. They focused on the ‘work disability policy’, which is diverse
policies connected to workers’ compensation, sickness and disability policy, and the legal and
regulatory protocols and frameworks of social security.
(4) Findings – Prevailing definitions and conceptualizations of self-employed (SE) are contested and
vary, which reflects that there is not one type or state of SE. Additionally, in Canada and
Australia, the existing legal protocols for employee and employment minimally define SE. There
is a debate around SE and whether it brings benefits or barriers to sustainability in terms of
health, facilitates life-work balance, and is adequate for income. Different stakeholders pertinent
to employment, tax, and revenue management, workers’ compensation management, social
support agencies, judiciaries, politicians, public policymakers, researchers, and academics have
been defining SE and naming this employment system from a variety of perspectives.
(5) Limitations and Quality of the Reference – Research paper based on gig workers in Canada and
Australia. Talked about the policies when these workers became ill or injured, they do not get
any facilities. They have no social security. Compared to both Ontario, Canada, and NSW,
Australia different social security schemes.
(6) Evaluation of usefulness – This study provides a useful reference point because my proposed
research study begins with a qualitative component. The research paper is based on the gig
workers in Canada and Australia. About their social benefits, which are permanent job holders
get. This paper compared both countries data, which can be used in the future for the
development of the gig workers.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the selected reference describes the nature of gig workers. Tried to highlight
the advantages and disadvantages faced by the workers. Some the references show the flexibility of gig
work while other references show the opposite side such as no social security types problem.
Additionally in all references, it seems people are more willing to do gig work as their extra income, and
in some cases, many people take this as their main job, as they did not get any better job. These
annotated bibliographies not only highlight the current situation but also highlight that policymakers can
make policies that can foster a more inclusive and just future for this vital segment of the labor force.