OS-SOFTWARE EAR TRAINING MANUAL FOR MUSICIANS

Music Theory Course |

 EAR TRAINING

CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
S ecti on I : T he D ivided B eat in S imple T ime.
S ect i on I I : T he Major T riad in N umeral N otation.

CHAPTER 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
S ection I: T he D ivided B eat in C ompound T ime.
S ect i on I I : T he M ajor T riad in S taff N otati on .

CHAPTER 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
S ecti on I : T he S ubdivi ded B eat in S impl e T ime.
S ecti on I I A: T he M inor T riad in N umeral N otati on .
S ect i on I I B : T he M i nor T ri a d i n S t a ff N ot a t i on .

CHAPTER 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
S ection I: T he S ubdivided B eat in C ompound T ime.
S ect i on I I : M a j or a nd M i nor S cal e A ct i vi t i es .

CHAPTER 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
S ect i on I : S yncopati on I nvolving B eat and D ivi ded B eat in
S imple and C ompound Times.
S ect i on I I : I nt er val s and T ri a ds .

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 CHAPTER 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
D iatonic Major and Minor Melodies in S imple and C ompound T imes
with D ivi ded B eat and L eaps of T hirds in T oni c T riad.

CHAPTER 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
D iatonic Major and Minor Melodies in S imple and C ompound T imes
with S ubdivi ded B eat and L eaps of T hirds and F ourths .

CHAPTER 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
D iatonic Major and Minor Melodies in S imple and C ompound T imes
wi t h S yncopat i on and L ea ps of T hi r ds , F our t hs , F i ft hs , S i xt hs ,
and O ctaves .

CHAPTER 9 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
N on D iatonic Melodies in S imple and C ompound T imes with D ivided
B eat , S ubdivi ded B eat , and S yncopati on . Melodies C ontain L eaps
of T hi r ds , F our t hs , F i ft hs , S i xt hs , and O ct aves .

APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
T ime B eating P atterns

APPENDIX B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
C ounting S ystem

APPENDIX C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
P erformance P rocedures

APPENDIX D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
P erformance G uidelines

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 CHAPTER ONE

Section I
PART I

PART II

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 PART I I I

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 Section II
LIST I

LIST I I

LIST III

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LIST IV

LIST V

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L I S T VI

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 CHAPTER TWO

Section I

PART I

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 PAR T I I

ET 2-2
PART III

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 Section II
PART I

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PAR T I I

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PAR T I I I

PAR T I V

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PART V

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 CHAPTER THREE
Section I
PART I

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PART II

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 Section II
LIST I

LIST II

ET 3-5
LIST III

PART I

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PAR T I I

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 CHAPTE R F OU R

S e c t i on I

PART I

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PAR T I I

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 Section II

A. M ajor
LIST I

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LIST II

LIST III

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LIST IV

LIST V

PART I

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PAR T I I

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 B. Minor
LIST I

LIST II

LIST III

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 CHAPTER FIVE

Section I
PAR T I A

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 PAR T I B

PART IIA

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PART IIB

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PAR T I I I A

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 Section II

SING AND RECOGNIZE SIMPLE INTERVALS INCLUDING:

PERFECT INTERVALS

P4 P5 P8

MAJOR INTERVALS

Maj2 Maj3 Maj6 Maj7

MINOR INTERVALS

min2 min3 min6 min7

TRITONE (Aug 4or dim 5)

TT

SING AND RECOGNIZE ROOT POSITION TRIADS INCLUDING:

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CHAPTER SIX

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CHAPTER SEVEN

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CHAPTER EIGHT

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CHAPTER NINE

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 APPENDIX A
TIME BEATING PATTERNS

T he fol l owi ng t i me beat i ng pat t er ns ar e used i n conj unct i on wi t h ear t r ai n -

i n g. T he fol l owi ng pa t t er ns a r e for t he per for mer ’s ri ght ha nd .

Figure A.1: Beat patterns

S ub - di vi si on may be ut i l i zed i n sl ow t empi t o cl ari fy and cont r ol t he per -

formance of music. T o sub- divi de, the conductor adds to each PR I N C I PAL beat ,

smaller beats moving in the same directi on as the main gesture.

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 APPENDIX B
COUNTING SYSTEM

SIMPLE TIME

A lways say a number for the beat whether or not it requires an attack .

Figure B.1: The Beat in Simple Time.

S ay “&" (and ) on the second hal f of any beat that has been divi ded.

Figure B.2: The Divided Beat in Simple Time.

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 S ay “T a " on any porti on of the subdivi ded beat that is not the beat

(number ) or divi ded beat (and ).

Figure B.3: The Subdivided Beat in Simple Time.

COMPOUND TIME

A lways say a number for the beat whether or not it requires an attack .

Figure B.4: The Beat in Compound Time

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 S ay “&” ( a nd ) on t he second t hi r d of t he bea t when t ha t di vi si on i s

present and “ a ” ( uh ) on t he l a st t hi r d of t he bea t when t ha t di vi si on i s

pr esent .

Figure B.5: The Divided Beat in Compound Time

S ay "T a ” on any porti on of the subdivi ded beat that is not the beat

(number ) or divi ded beat (and or a ).

Figure B.6: The Subdivided Beat in Compound Time.

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 APPENDIX C

PERFORMANCE PROCEDURES

RHYTHM PERFORMANCE

C ount /C lap I dent i fy t he met ri cal st r ess a nd uni t of bea t .

U sing the counting system (A pp. B ), perform the
ex er ci s e i n di ca t i n g a t t a ck s by cl a ppi n g . C ounting
syl l a bl es ( number s , &, a , or t a ) must be audi bl e .

C onduct /I ntone I dent i fy t he met ri cal st r ess a nd uni t of bea t .

U sing the appropriate time beating pattern (A pp. A),
perform the exercise by intoning the rhythm on a
n eu t r a l s y l l a bl e ( t a ). T he time beating pattern
must cont i nue t hr oughout t he exer ci se .

PITCH PERFORMANCE

N umber L ists E st a bl i sh t he t oni c t ri a d i n D M a j or or mi nor , as

a ppl i ca bl e . P er form t he l i st hori zont al l y i n D
Major or D minor with one count per number and a
count of si l ence a t t he end of ea ch l i ne . The tempo
must r emai n const ant t hr oughout t he l i st . S cal e
degree numbers must be used as syllables for singing.

N ot a t i on I dent i fy t he cl ef a nd k ey . E st a bl i sh t he t oni c
t ri a d i n t he k ey of D M a j or or mi nor , a s a ppl i ca bl e .
S ing in D M ajor or D minor , regardl ess of the notated
k ey . P erform the exercise with one count per note
a nd a count of si l ence a t t he ba r l i ne . The tempo
must remain constant throughout the exercise. S cal e
degree numbers must be used as syllables for singing.

S cal es U sing D as a toni c, perform scales with one count per

number and a count of sil ence at the end of each
s ca l e . T he tempo must remain constant throughout the
s ca l es . S cal e degree numbers must be used as sylla -
bl es for si n gi n g .

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 I n t er v a l s S i ng t he gi ven pi t ch . S ing the pitch a given
i nt er val a bove or bel ow a s speci fi ed .

T ri a ds U sing D as the root , perform triads with one count

per number and a count of sil ence at the end of
ea ch t r i a d . T he tempo must remain constant
t hr oughout t he t ri a ds . S cale degree numbers must
be used a s syl l a bl es for si ngi ng.

T ri a ds i n S i ng t he gi ven pi t ch . S ing major and minor triads

I nver si on wi t h t he gi ven pi t ch a s t he r oot , t hi r d , a nd fi ft h
of t h e t r i a d . T he tempo must remain constant while
singing the triad, but a pause may occur between
t r i a ds. S cale degree numbers must be used as
s yl l a bl es for si n gi n g . A ny pitch order may be used
i n t he t ri a ds as l ong as syl l a bl es and pi t ches ar e
cor r ect .

4- note C hords U sing D as the root , perform Maj 6, Maj 7, D om 7,

min7 , and dim 7 chords in order , with one count per
number and a count of sil ence at the end of each
chor d . T he tempo must remain constant throughout
t he chor ds . S cale degree numbers must be used as
s yl l a bl es for si n gi n g .

MELODY PERFORMANCE

I dent i fy t he met ri cal st r ess a nd uni t of bea t . S el ect t he t i me bea t i ng

pa t t er n . I dent i fy t he cl ef a nd k ey . G i ven t he pi t ch A 440, si ng t he i nt er val
necessa r y t o fi nd t he t oni c i n t he not a t ed k ey . U sing the appropriate time
bea t i ng pa t t er n (A pp . A), perform the mel ody in the notated key . The time
bea t i ng pa t t er n must cont i nue t hr oughout t he exer ci se . S cale degree numbers
must be used a s syl l a bl es for si ngi ng. F ol l ow a l l per for ma n ce di r ect i on s , i . e .
tempo, character , dynami cs , and expressi on markings .

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 APPENDIX D

PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES
I. R hythm
A. M et ri cal S t r ess
1. I den t i fy
2. S el ect bea t pa t t er n
B . U nit of bea t
1. D ivided B eat
2. S ubdivided beat
3. S yncopation
4. B or r owed di vi si ons
C. Perform R hythm
1. C ount /C lap
2. C onduct /I ntone

II. P i t ch
A. C l e f ( i d en t i f y )
B. K ey ( i den t i fy )
C. S i ng t oni c a nd est a bl i sh k ey
1. S i ng tri ad
2. S ing pentachord
3. S i ng t et r a chor ds
4. S i ng scal e
D. I den t i fy s t a r t i n g pi t ch
E. I dent i fy musi cal el ement s
1. T ri a ds
2. P entachords
3. T et r a chor ds
4. S ca l es
5. O t her st r uct ur es
6. D i f f i cu l t i n t er v a l s
F. P erform P itch

III. P er for mance D i r ect i ons

A. Character /Tempo (metronome marks)/ tempo changes
B. D ynamics /dynamic changes
C. Other
1. A ccent s and ar t i cul at i ons
2. E xpression marks
3. R epeat symbols
4. F ermatas
5. Ornaments

IV. P erform
A. R hythm
B. P i t ch
C. R hythm and Pitch
D. R hyt hm , P i t ch and al l per for mance di r ect i ons
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