Welcome To

Training Title: Confined Space Entry (Especially Rescue)

Location: Jebel Ali Terminal Dubai
Trainer Name: Syed Neyaz Ahmad
Email: syedneyazahmad@yahoo.com
1910.146 - Permit-required confined spaces
 GENERAL CS ENTRY PROCEDURE
1. Conduct an assessment
2. Post signage; Barricade
3. Write the Permit
4. Perform pre-entry tests
5. Follow all other safety procedures
 PPE
 LO/TO
 Ventilation
6. Pre-entry briefing
7. Perform entry & work
8. Perform continuous atmospheric tests
9. Exit the confined space
10. Debrief employees/contractors
11. Verify completion
12. Buddy System
 Confined Space
 All persons should be Internal training
 Always cover any cut or stretches with a water proof plaster
 Cylinders not allowed to bring inside confined space

 Trained hole watcher present with log sheet,

• Testing and monitoring E.g. (Multi Gas Detector)
• Ventilating.
• Communications
• Lighting, barriers, and shields
• Safe ingress and egress
• No unauthorized entrance
 Oxygen Atmospheres
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres:
19.5 % Minimum acceptable oxygen level.

15 - 19%Decreased ability to work strenuously.

Impaired coordination. Early symptoms.

12-14%Respiration increases. Poor judgment.

10-12%Respiration increases. Lips blue.

8-10%Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea.

Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

6-8% 8 minutes - fatal

6 minutes - 50% fatal
4-5 minutes - possible recovery

4-6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death.

 Oxygen Atmospheres
Man can live:
• 3 weeks without food
• 3 days without water
• only 3 min without oxygen
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres:
• Oxygen level above 23.5%
• Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when
ignited
– Hair, clothing, materials, etc.
– Oil soaked clothing and materials
• Never use pure oxygen to ventilate
• Never store or place compressed tanks in a confined space
 Confined Space Risk

≥ 60%
1:1,400 1:10 90 5,000+
victims –
General Confined annual serious
would be
Industry Space deaths injury
rescuers

Ratio of Death/ Agriculture

serious injury
62% fatal
51% engulfment
30% underreported
7
 Decide Hazard Control Strategy

Ventilate Isolate PPE

Prevent toxins
Reliable air flow Respiratory aid
from entering
Forced air Trained to use

Natural air flow Fit test

Re-test after Medical clearance
ventilation
8
 What The Statistics Tell Us
• Over 200 confined space fatalities annually
• 60% are would-be rescuers
• Nearly 90% die of suffocation
• More than 95% had no formal training

They all could have been prevented!!!!!!

• Explain that many of the rescuers that die in confined
spaces are supervisors and that its not the 95% who had no
formal training that we are necessarily concerned about at
Fermi lab, but more the 5% who did have formal training.
• Also point out that most of the fatalities do deal with
atmospheric hazards.
1.
Order of Testing
First---Oxygen Presence And Amounts
2. Second---Flammables
3. Third---Toxics
4. Others
• Always test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe.
• Good air near the opening does NOT mean there is good air at the bottom!

Good Air

Poor Air

Deadly Air
POTENTIAL HAZARDS:
Hazards
• Deficient or enriched oxygen-Safe level: 19.5% - 23.5%
• Combustible, flammable, and explosive atmospheres
• Toxic gases and vapors
• Corrosive chemicals or biological agents.
Electrical hazards:
• Shock hazard,
• static electricity,
• sparks, etc…

Other Hazards:
• Rodents,
• snakes,
• and insects
 Physical hazards
Falling, tripping, moving parts, engulfment, heat extremes, etc…
 ATTENDANT
• Know the hazards associated with the space
• Be aware of the effects of hazardous exposures
• Maintain accountability of entrants
• Remain on duty until properly relieved
• Monitor the status of the entrant as appropriate
• Communicate with the entrant as appropriate
• Summon rescue and/or emergency assistance
• Monitor activities inside and outside the space
• Perform non-entry rescue in accordance with policy
• Perform no duties that interfere with attendant duties
• Order evacuation of the space when dictated
• Attendant alerts the rescue services
• Close off the area
• Get authorized entrants out of the space
• Perform first aid if needed.
• Chest or body harnesses are worn by authorized
entrant to allow for safe rescue.
 Emergency Response
How do you rescue a confined space?
• In a controlled and simulated IDLH environment, students will be required to:
• Respond to a rescue alert.
• Evaluate the emergency and determine the correct rescue method.
• Determine the atmospheric hazard.
• Utilize the appropriate PPE.
• Enter the confined space.
• Perform a rescue on an unconscious victim.
 Examples of confined spaces
• Tanks
• Vessels
• Silos
• Storage Bins
• Manholes
• Vaults
• Pits
• Sewers
• Septic
• Pipelines
 F-A-I-L-U-R-E
• Failure to understand the environment
• Additional medical issues not considered
• Inadequate rescue skills
• Lack of teamwork or training and experience
• Underestimating the logistics of the incident
• Rescue verse recovery mode not considered
• Equipment not mastered
Hazards of hot work: गर्म कार् के खतरे :
• Fire & Explosion (Burns) आग और विस्फोट (जलता है )
• Eye damageआँखों की क्षतत
• Hear stress तनाि
• Respiratory disease श्िसन संबंधी रोग
• Electrocutionबबजली
• Ultra violet (UV) Radiation exposureअल्ट्रा िायलेट (यि
ू ी)
• Fume and Gasesविककरण जोखखर् धआ ू ं और गैसें
• Sparking स्पाककिंग घणू नम उपकरण
• Rotating equipment
• Hot surfaceगर्म सतह
• Flying particlesउड़ते हुए कण
• Manual handling, र्ैनअ ु ल हैंडललंग
• slip & tripपर्ची और यात्रा
• Noise शोर
 After Completion of Hot Work
• Remove All extra/unused materials
• Housekeeping the area
• A fire watch shall be maintained for at least 30
minutes after completion of hot work operations in
order to detect and extinguish smoldering fires
 Knowledge point
• only 45 c’ max temperature allowed inside CSE
• Human body temp always 37c’
• In CSE secondary hazards are arising such as painting then
welding
• Yoyo blocks used for anchor point with 15 or 20 meters long
CSE
• Standard size of manhole dimensions of 600 x 600 mm or
600mm diameter
• Claustrophobia: - mean a man getting fear to entering inside
confined space
• Acrophobia: - when a man getting fear to go on height
• Hydrophobia: - main fearing to enter in water.
• Suspensions trauma: - after fall of personal from height he
gets unconscious that's called suspension trauma
•
KNOWLEDGE POINT
All F/E operating distance from 3 to 8 feet
• Discharge time: 3 to 30 seconds
• Operate cross of fire
• Hot work 4F: fire watch, fire hose, fire extinguisher and face protection
• No vehicle park within 15 feet of fire hydrant
• Fire hydrant 50 feet away from building or structure
• Continue fire watch duties for at least 30 minutes after completing hot work, ...
• C02 does not have gauge because it is inspected by weight.

• BURNING TEMP: WOOD 100c’, Lube oil & cooking oils 600C’ , Iron & steel 1150C’
• Cigarette fire: 600 to 700c’
• Electric fire: 1000c
• Fire extinguisher expired 5 to 15 years
• Monthly inspection shall be done with sign and tick.
• 9 kg Monnex or 12 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher Shall be available within 7.5 meters
• Shall be a 2.5 diameter duly pressurized water hose capable of reaching a
minimum distance of 30 meters from the hot work location
• Fire doors are designed to withstand fire, heat and smoke for a period of 20-min.
to 3 hr
 Mandatory PPE’s
• Hard hat / Helmet

• Safety glass/goggles

• Safety shoes

• Hand gloves

• Uniform during Terminal visit

• According job additional PPE’s shall use

Tools Safety (Mechanical / Electrical)
 Only brass hammer shall be used.
 Don’t hit with spanner to any metal or concrete item
 Risk of spark and possible fire if you are using metal tools
 Only Inspected & colour coded power tools shall be used
 Do not use defective tools
 Do not repairs any tools.
 Do not carry tools in your hand when climbing, or by the cord.
 Do not throw tools from one location to another, from one
employee to another, from scaffolds or other elevated
platforms.
 Don’t use screwdriver as a chisel
 Welding Machine shall keep only
out of Bund wall.
 Colour Coding
Jan, Feb, Mar 2021 Yellow
Make sure power tools
are inspected and colour coded

Don’t take from store if not

colour coded means it has
some deviations
 Test Your Knowledge
What are the 3 characteristics of a confined space?
A. Large Enough to Enter and Work
B. Limited Openings for Entry and Exit
C. Not Designed for Continuous Worker Occupancy
D. All of the above

At what levels does oxygen become: Deficient? Enriched?

A. 19.5% - 23.5%
B. 16% - 19.5%
What is the maximum duration of a space permit?
A. The time needed to complete the assigned task.
B. As much as.
C. Depend on Supervisor instruction
General requirements of a space permit program are: written, implemented and?
A. Made available to affected employees or their designated representatives.
B. Tools
C. Equipment's
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING QUIZ
The three elements of the fire triangle are:
a. Water, a heat source, and fuel
b. Oxygen, water, and fuel
c. Oxygen, fuel, and a heat source..
d. Fuel, oxygen, and earth

Do you know where the nearest fire extinguisher is in your

work area?
a. Yes..
b. No

Which type of extinguisher has a hard horn on the end of a

flexible hose or metal arm?
a. APW (air-pressurized water)
b. CO2 (carbon dioxide)..
c. ABC (dry chemical)