FOR CORRECTIONS Project Completion Report AMT 2A G1 1 1 5

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated
Bacolod City
Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)
Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024
Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1
Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model
Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 5
Subpart : 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Author : John Carlo Salgado
The purpose of fabricating a turbine engine model is to provide students in aviation with
hands-on experience and practical knowledge about the functioning and maintenance of these
complex machines. Also, displaying physical turbine engine models in classrooms or labs,
allowing students to see and touch components, is crucial for aspiring aviators. Last year, in
the 2022-2023 batch, an AMT student at Fast Aviation Academy fabricated a turbine engine
model.
(Figure 1.1)
The gas turbine operates on the principle of the Brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed
with fuel and burned under constant pressure conditions. The resulting hot gas is allowed to
expand through a turbine to perform work.
Turbojet engines were the first type of gas turbine engine invented. And even though they look
completely different than the reciprocating engine in your car or plane, they operate using the
same operation: intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust

Bacolod City

Subpart : 1.2 OBJECTIVES

Author : Kenneth Laudato
1. To exhibit the parts and process needed to make the turbine engine of an aircraft in a small
design
2. To utilize as a sample for practical and familiarization activities of the aviation students,
specifically the aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) students.
3. To present a sample model of an aircraft turbine engine in a business proposal specifically

for the manufacturer of the turbine engine of an aircraft

Bacolod City

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-
G2
Subpart : 1.3 PROJECT PERIOD
Author : Isaac Rusollini Garibay
Day 1 : Planning and Supply Gathering Duration : 2.5hrs

Began the planning phase of our project. We gathered suggestions and ideas,
and after we had a good idea, we went ahead and bought some supplies.
Day 2 : Layout, Cutting and Bending Duration : 1.5hr
Started the project by layout the sheet metal, cutting the sheet metal and
bending sheet metal to create compressor and turbine blades. We use files to
polish the edges and shape the sheet metal into a circle.
Day 3 : Polishing Duration : 1.5hr
Continued to file the edges to achieve the desired form. When the operation
is finished, and measured the blades' sizes to ensure they are precisely the
right size.
Day 4 and 5 : Making the Shafting and Bearing Duration : 3hrs
Installation
Used a grinder to clean the shaft. Then add extra metal and use a welding
machine to extend the shaft. Began drilling our turbine's hub, where the
bearing will be placed for our rotor blades to ensure smooth rotation.
Day 6 and 7 : Testing the Turbine. Polishing, Cutting Duration : 3hrs
the L-Bars and Forming
Used grinders to clean some L-bar metal that bought from at the junk shop.
Cutting the L-bar and form into the shape of a stand.
Day 8 and 9 : Sanding and Paiting Duration : 3hrs
Began sanding the stand in the morning using sandpaper to create clean
edges. Next, we wash it and let it dry. Finally, we spray-painted the stand
and allowed it to dry over the weekend.
Day 10 and 11 : Final Assembly and Polishing Duration : 4hrs
Began forming the turbine and compressor blades in the morning. Cutting
some metal to create a gap at each fan blade station. Sprayed paint on the
stator blades and allow them to dry, then assemble all the components and
place the turbine on the platform.
Total Duration : 18.5hrs
Bacolod City
Subpart : 1.4 TARGET OUTCOME
Author : Diana Rose Gedaya
During the planning phase for the creation of the turbine engine model, our primary focus is on
adhering strictly to the outlined plan. Despite our determination to achieve the desired model,
we encounter various challenges stemming from the division into three separate groups.
However, due to a lack of information regarding the size and diameter of the other groups, we
unfortunately fail to meet our intended outcome, even though the completion is achieved
within the scheduled timeframe.
Bacolod City
Subpart : 1.5 PROJECT ACTIVITY FLOW
Author : Johnnery Betita

CREATE DETAILED GATHER MATERIALS
DESIGN
DEFINE SPECIFICATION COMPONENTS
INSTALLATION OF
ASSEMBLE BEARINGS
ADD COMBUSTION
OPTIMIZE
CHAMBE
FINAL ASSEMBLY
Bacolod City
Part : 2 Content : Understanding the Page : 1 of 2

project
Subpart : 2.1 Discussion of key of terms / subject matter of the

project
Author : John Kenneth Laudato
The aircraft turbine engine model has sections the compressor section, the combustion section,
the turbine section, and the exhaust section. The aircraft turbine engine model is covered by a
sheet metal called the nacelle. The compressor section also has several components the
impeller(rotor), the diffuser(stator), the compressor guide vanes, the compressor bearing(main
bearing) the low-pressure compressor, and the high-pressure compressor.
The combustion section of the aircraft turbine engine is where the burning process of the
pressurized fuel happens. The combustion section has also several components the combustion
chamber, fuel nozzles, and igniter.
The turbine section of the aircraft turbine engine also has several parts the rotor blades, the
stator blades, the turbine guide vanes, and the turbine bearing. The turbine is by the high-
pressure compressor and also by the burned fuel and air from the combustion section.
The main reason AMT2A students made this aircraft turbine engine model is to showcase how
exquisite the engine of an aircraft is to people, especially senior high school students. Also to
be part of the exhibition of the different systems and models of aircraft. We made this aircraft
turbine engine model to pass our class in turbines because it is one of our requirements to pass
that certain subject. So the upcoming Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT) students will
see the aircraft turbine engine model that our batch made.
The aircraft turbine engine was invented by Sir Hans von Ohain of Germany, who was the
designer of the first operational jet engine, though credit for the invention of the jet engine
went to Great Britain's Frank Whittle. Sir Hans von Ohain formulated the theory in jet physics
in 1933, after he received his degree in 1935. Sir Hans von Ohain had built a factory-tested
demonstration engine and, by 1939, a fully operational jet aircraft, the He S.3B, the first fully
operational centrifugal-flow turbojet engine.
As time goes by, the advancement of technology is adapted by the aviation industry, especially
the engine manufacturers fabricating highly efficient engines. And with that, there are now
many types of aircraft turbine engines: the turboprop (turbojet propeller), the turboshaft, the
turbojet, and the turbofan. This type of turbine engine has advantages and disadvantages, as
well as a huge purpose.
The advantages of the turbo-prop engine make it more efficient at lower speeds and altitudes,
making it ideal for shorter regional flights and operations in areas with limited infrastructure.
speed compared to jet engines. The disadvantages of the turbo-prop (turbo propeller engine)
are its higher noise levels. Increased fuel consumption at higher altitudes. Higher maintenance
costs compared to jet engines. The turbo-prop engine is widely used in short-distance travel
and narrow runways.
The advantages of the turbo-shaft engine are negligible cooling power required; high-speed
jets are a more efficient propulsive means than propellers at high flight speeds. The
disadvantages of the turbo-shaft engine are that high-speed jets are less efficient propulsive
means than propellers at lower flight speeds and burning take-off. Turbo-shaft engines are
widely used in military and aircraft carriers.
The advantages of turbojet engines are that turbojets produce significantly higher thrust than
propeller engines. High Operating Temperature: Turbojets can handle elevated operating
temperatures, enabling efficient performance at high heat levels. The disadvantages of the
turbojet engine are that turbojet engines tend to produce considerable noise during operation,
resulting in a noisy system. Low Thrust at Takeoff and Climb: The engine may experience
lower thrust during takeoff and climb, affecting its initial performance. The turbojet engine is
widely used in the military, especially in supersonic aircraft.
The advantages of turbo-fan engines are that they make less noise, are more efficient at lower
airspeeds, use less fuel, and require more maintenance than a turbojet engine. The
disadvantages of the turbo-fan engine are that it is expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain;
it has high fuel consumption at low airspeeds and altitudes; it is inefficient compared to
turboprops; it emits environmentally harmful contaminants; and its large diameter makes it
unsuitable for supersonic aircraft (unless the BPR is low). The turbo-fan engine is widely used
in commercial aircraft.
Bacolod City
Part : 2 Content : Understanding of the Page : 2 of 2

project
Subpart : 2.2 Review of previous / related project
Author : John kenneth Laudato

In this work, a turbojet gas turbine engine was modeled theoretically and computationally.
These models will help to study the performance of the turbojet engines at different
operating conditions without performing heavily expensive experiments. The creation of
such a computer model can be the basis for the development of gas turbines and their
digital control systems in the future. In addition, it was necessary to carry out a basic
study on the functional sequence in a gas turbine engine, which involves highly complex
aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes. All of these actions were necessary to create
a model as realistically as possible and with high precision. From the results, it can be
seen that the error between the simulation and calculation is within 2%, and this confirms
the efficacy of the proposed models.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
281586711_Modelling_of_a_Turbojet_Gas_Turbine_Engine
The design of the microjet engine is prepared and drafted. The turbine and NGV (Nozzle
Guide Vanes) are being tested numerically as they are of higher importance in thrust
generation in an aircraft power plant. The max rpm chosen was 250000 rpm at the
beginning and brought down to 230000 rpm at further iterations. The air cooling of the
turbines will be of further importance in future works. The test rigs for the MJE testing
will be further developed in the second phase of this project. The fuel will be brought
from a helipad near our college, Planet-X. If any of our team gets the AICTE Idea Lab,
student coordinator post, this UAV jet propulsion will be embedded in our curriculum as
well. This prototype will be tested till the 0.6M regime till 100 feet. An MJE monitoring
system will be set up with a home-built computer. This can be used as a lab facility for
MJEs and even Gas Turbines. Thus the equipment set up for this project will be a
successful lab equipment in the future.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
354167778_DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_MICRO_JET_ENGINE_OF_TW_OF
_81
Small turbojet engines represent a special class of turbine-driven engines. They are
suitable for scientific purposes and research of certain thermodynamic processes ongoing
in turbojet engines. Moreover, such engines can be used for research in the area of
alternative fuels and new methods of digital control and measurement. Our research,
which is also presented in this article, is headed toward these aims. We evaluate and
propose a system of digital measurement of a particular small turbojet engine - MPM 20.
Such an engine can be considered a highly non-linear large-scale system. According to the
obtained data and experiments, we propose different approaches to modeling the engine
with the use of analytic experimental and certain methods of artificial intelligence as new
methods of modeling complex systems.
https://www.actamechanica.sk/pdfs/ams/2009/03/08.pdf
(PDF) Modelling of a Turbojet Gas Turbine Engine

Bacolod City

Part : 3 Content : The Project Page : 1 of 4
Subpart : 3.1 Materials

Materials Unit/Quantity Price/Cost Market
Bearing 2pcs 50.00 teddy motorcycle parts & accessories
Welding rod. 1box 100.00 Hardware
Plain sheet. 2x4 126.00 Junkshop

Blind Rivets. 1/4 -1/8. 150.00. Hardware
Round bar. 4 feet & 11 inch 60.00. Junkshop
Angle bar. 11 feet & 3 inch 200.00 Junkshop
Spray paint. 3pcs 2black 1grey. 417.00. DIY
Butane can. 4PCS 100.00 Junkshop
Safety wire. O.22 1/4 40.00. hardware

Total: 1,243.00
Bacolod City
Subpart : 3.2 Tools and Equipment

Rubber mallets - Are utilized in order to straighten and smooth sheet metal blades.
Drills - Are employed for the purpose of creating holes in sheet metal.
Files - Serve the function of removing excess edges and providing a smooth finish to the
edges.
Welding machines - Are used to install or attach two pieces of metal together.
Dividers - Are utilized to establish precise measurements on sheet metal.
Aviation Snips -Are employed for cutting sheet metal.
Grinders - On the other hand, are used to cut angle bars.
Bench Vice - Is used to securely hold specific objects such as sheet metal turbine shafts.
Welding masks - Are employed to protect the eyes and face from smoke produced during the
use of welding machines.
Gloves - Are worn to protect the hands when working with sharp objects.
Earplugs - Are used to reduce noise generated by the machinery.
Goggles - Are worn to shield the eyes from debris and particles originating from the sheet
metal.
The size of the drill bits - Commonly used are 1/8 and 1/4 inch.
Rivet guns - Are used to install rivets onto sheet metal.
Cutting discs - Are blades that are attached to grinders in order to enhance the efficiency of
cutting.
steel rules - Are utilized to measure outlines on shet metal.

Bacolod City
Subpart : 3.3 Budget Plan
MATERIALS QUALITY PRIZE MARKET

Bearings. 2pcs. 50php. Teed Motor Shop
Angle bar. 11ft 3 inch. 200php. Junkshop
Welding rod. 1box. 100php. Hardware
Plain sheet. 2x4 126php. Junkshop
Blind Rivet. 1/4-1/8. 150php. Hardware
Round bar. 4ft 1 inch. 30php. Junkshop
Spray paint. 3 pcs. 417 php. Mr. DIY
Butane can. 4 pcs. 100php. Junkshop
Alambre 0.22mm 1/4. 40php. Hardware
SNACK
Camel. 1 pack per day. 180 php. Mesti store
Sky flakes. 4pcs. 32php. Mesti store
Coke. 2pcs per day. 42php. Mesti store
Mt. Dew. 2pcs per day. 43php. Mesti store
PPE
Earplugs. 2 pers. 57php. Mr. DIY
Gloves. 2 pers. 23php. Mr.DIY
Goggles 1 pc. 25php. Mr.DIY
TOOLS
Cutting disc. 2pcs. 130 php. Hardware
Grinding disc. 2pcs. 180 php. Hardware
Drill Bit. 2pcs. 54php. Hardware
Bacolod City
Subpart : 3.4 Detailed Procedure

This is how we fabricate our project turbine engine: first Isaac and Kenneth purchased sheet
metal in the junk shop, and then in the second step, Klaryn and Cristine cleaned the sheet
metal using a steel brush. Then in step three, Dan and Jag lay out the turbine blades, and Ken
and Isaac cut five circles of sheet metal for the turbine fan blades. Step four: Klaryn, Kenneth,
Dewles, Jag, and Isaac filed the turbine blades before each blade was cut individually to form a
fan blade. Next, in step five, Ken and Isaac use their drill machine to drill a hole in the center
of the turbine fan blade so the bearing can be inserted into the stator to suit the shaft. The
group of Dianna purchased empty butane cans for the combustion chamber. First, Rhell and
Alfred drill holes in the butt of the can to allow any leftover gas to escape, and second, Dianna
washes the butane can with powdered soap before letting it dry in the sun. Step three: John and
Allana use sandpaper to clean inside the butane can to remove the corrosion. Step five: Rhell
cuts some flat bar, and Alfred and John connect all the butane cans using a flat bar. The group,
led by Carlo, purchased sheet metal to create the compressor blades. First, Klein and Kurt
purchased sheet metal in the junk shop, and then in the second step, Mark cleaned the sheet
metal using a steel brush. Then, in step three, Klein laid out the turbine blades, and Kurt and
Mark cut four circles of sheet metal for the compressor fan blades. Step four: Mark and Carlo
filed the turbine blades before each blade was cut individually to form a fan blade. Next, in
step five, Kurt and Carlo make a long circle of sheet metal, and Klein uses a riveting gun to
rivet the edge so that it won't open the sheet metal. In step six, Mark and Klein use a drill
machine to drill a specific hole in the center of the compressor blades to fit in the long sheet
metal. The whole section decided to make a stand and housing for the turbine project. First
Brit and Dewles bought an angle bar and a round bar in the junk shop for the stand. Step two:
Von and Edwin use a grinder to clean up the corrosion in the angle bar. Step three: Brit and
Dan use a welding machine to weld the stand. Step 4: The group of Carlo and the group of
Kenneth combine the sheet metal to make a housing. Step five: John cut some flat bar to make
a bracing in the housing, and Isaac and Ken drill a hole in the housing and flat bar and put
rivets to connect them together. Step six: Brit uses a welding machine to add some round bar
to the shaft to extend the shaft to fit the compressor blades, turbine blades, and combustion
chamber. Step seven: Jag and Kurt use an electrical drill to drill a hole in the housing and stand
to connect together. Step eight: The whole section combined the parts of each group to
assemble the turbine engine. The group of Dianna put the combustion chamber first in the
middle of the shaft, then the group of Kenneth put the turbine in the front, and lastly, the group
of Carlo put the compressor blade in the rear part of the shaft. Step nine: Brit uses a welding
machine to put the stand in the shaft of the housing and is done.
Bacolod City
Part : 4 Content : Project Outcome Page : 1 of 5
Subpart : 4.1 Actual Project
Author : John Kennetth Laudato
The aircraft turbine engine model is made from scratch materials from junk shops, such as
steel angle bars and sheet metal. The sheet metal that was used for the stator and rotor blades
of the compressor section and the nacelle of the aircraft turbine engine model is from the door
of the refrigerator bought at the junk shop. The compressor of the aircraft turbine engine looks
like a rotor of an electric fan. The color of the combustion section of the turbine engine model
is black because inside of the combustion chamber where the fuel and air mix and being
ignited, that is why the color of the combustion section is black. The color of the turbine
blades of the turbine is black because that is where the burned gasses pass through. The color
of the nacelle of the aircraft turbine engine model is white on the outside and black on the
inside..
(Figure 4.1)
Bacolod City
Subpart : 4.2 Target Outcome VS Actual Project
The difference between our actual project and the target outcome is that our project doesn't
have a turbo fan blade, and the compressor blades are not the same size. The difference
between our actual project and the target outcome is that our actual project combustion
chamber is made from butane cans, while the target outcome is made from titanium alloy. The
turbine blades of our actual project are made of the skin of the refrigerator, compared to the
target outcome that is made from titanium alloy. The stand of the actual project is an angle bar
that Brit and Isaac bought in the junk shop, and the stand of the target outcome is made from
solid metals. The 2-A section did not get the perfect target outcome. Similarities The
similarities between the actual project and the target outcome are that the target outcome and
actual project have compressor blades, combustion chambers, and turbine blades. The actual
project and target outcomes both stand and have the same flow of air. And the actual project of
our turbine engine project has the same housing and engine shaft as the target outcome.
Bacolod City
Subpart : 4.3 Findings
Upon review of the target outcome and the actual project, several differences can be observed.
Despite this, certain aspects of the plan were indeed accurate. Initially, it is essential to note
discrepancies, such as the quantity of stators and rotors. While the target outcome specified the
use of 5 stators and rotors, the actual project deviated from this in terms of the turbine engine's
length, the number of cans utilized, as well as the diameter and sizes. Conversely, similarities
between the target outcome and the final product include the color of the turbine engine, the
number of bearings employed, and the base of the turbine engine.
Bacolod City
Subpart : 4.4 Recommendation
To improve future projects, the following recommendations: Unified Planning: To ensure that
all project participants have the same knowledge of the target outcomes and follow the
requirements during the process. Regular Communication: To ensure consistency,
organizations should regularly check and use different communication methods. Seeking
assistance: Promote student and instructor collaboration. Documentation and Review:
Emphasize the importance of project documentation, including precise plans and regular
reviews to assess progress against the initial goals. Can identify and fix errors promptly. By
following these recommendations, future projects can better meet goals, leading to better
results.
Bacolod City
Subpart : 4.5 Conclusion
To conclude , the project to build an aviation turbine engine from scratch using parts found in
junk shops encountered obstacles and deviated from the original plan. Significant differences
occurred in the size and accuracy of turbine elements, even though the project finished on time
and with a 75% similarity to the target. Although the construction was distinctive because of
the use of recyclable materials—such as refrigerator door sheet metal and an empty butane gas
can for the combustion chamber—contact problems between the nacelle and the blades caused
an unintentional sound to occur during rotation.
Although the project successfully followed its schedule, it ran into problems with laziness and
imprecise distance measurement. Specifically, inconsistent blade lengths and an unsteady
combustion chamber brought attention to the deficiencies in attaining the required accuracy.
There were differences in the finished product because of the segmented approach and
imprecise measurements. The team members Johnnery, John Kenneth, Isaac, and Diana Rose
showed coordination in their commitment to finishing the task. While the team's dedication
was demonstrated by the project's timely completion, precision and uniformity were lacking.

FOR CORRECTIONS Project Completion Report AMT 2A G1 1 1 5

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FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 5

Subpart : 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Author : John Carlo Salgado

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subpart : 1.2 OBJECTIVES

3. To present a sample model of an aircraft turbine engine in a business proposal specifically

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Day 1 : Planning and Supply Gathering Duration : 2.5hrs

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 4 of 5

Subpart : 1.4 TARGET OUTCOME

Author : Diana Rose Gedaya

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 5 of 5

Subpart : 1.5 PROJECT ACTIVITY FLOW

Author : Johnnery Betita

DEFINE SPECIFICATION COMPONENTS

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 2 Content : Understanding the Page : 1 of 2

Subpart : 2.1 Discussion of key of terms / subject matter of the

Author : John Kenneth Laudato

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 2 Content : Understanding of the Page : 2 of 2

Subpart : 2.2 Review of previous / related project

Author : John kenneth Laudato

(PDF) Modelling of a Turbojet Gas Turbine Engine

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subpart : 3.1 Materials

Materials Unit/Quantity Price/Cost Market

Bearing 2pcs 50.00 teddy motorcycle parts & accessories

Welding rod. 1box 100.00 Hardware

Plain sheet. 2x4 126.00 Junkshop

Round bar. 4 feet & 11 inch 60.00. Junkshop

Angle bar. 11 feet & 3 inch 200.00 Junkshop

Spray paint. 3pcs 2black 1grey. 417.00. DIY

Butane can. 4PCS 100.00 Junkshop

Safety wire. O.22 1/4 40.00. hardware

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1