1. The slow muscular fibers ( type 1, red)
The following are true about the neurons in
1. Are resistant to fatigue
2. Contain small amounts of myoglobin
3. Have a more extensive blood vessel
system
4. Have a large amounts of glycolytic
enzymes
2. Factor IV of coagulation is represented
by:
1. Vitamin K
2. Thrombin
3. fibrinogen
4. Calcium
3. The gated ion channels can be operated
by:
1. Change in the membrane potential
2. Mechanical force
3. Binding of an extracellular ligand
4. Blinding of an intracellular ligand
4. Select what is true about cones:
1. The are three subtypes of cones : S (
blue) M ( green) L ( Red)
2. Are responsible for colour sensitive
vision
3. Are present in the fovea
4. Are in much higher number than rods
throughout the retina
5. The following are true about
phototrandsduction:
1. Cones and rods depolarize in
response to light
2. Represents the conversion of
light into electrical signal
3. Light induces the opening of the
Na channels in the outer segment
of the photoreceptors
4. Light produces a decrease in
glutamate release
6. Blood transfusion principles includes:
1. 0 (I) group is considered to be
universal recipient
2. AB (IV) group is considered to be
universal donor
3. When transfused blood is group 0 (I),
there is no restriction in the blood
volume transfused
4. Transfused blood has the same
group (ABO) and Rh as the recipient
7.
the central nervous system:
1. Their axons can regenerate
2. Produce and conduct action
potentials
3. Easily regenerate after a lesion
4. Have a high metabolic rate
8. The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
1. Has a motor pathway constituted
from one motor neuron
2. Is a voluntary pathway
3. The effect is always inhibitory
4. Conduction is slower due to thinly or
unmyelinated axons
9. The following are correct about
parasympathetic signal transmission:
1. Preganglionic neuron secretes
acetylcholine
2. Receptors on postganglionic
neurons are mainly nicotinic
receptors
3. Postganglionic neuron secretes
acetylcholine and VIP
4. The only type of acetylcholine
receptors on the target organ are
G-protein coupled receptors
10. Axons
1. Contain kinesin and dynein,
important for axoplasmic
transport
2. produce myelin
3. z allow the flow of the action
potential in a single direction from
soma to axon terminal
4. have dendritic spines on their
surface
11. The action potential ( AP ) in the
striated skeletal muscle:
1. Is generated by nicotinic receptors
activation
2. Propagates by activating
voltage-gated Na+ channels
3. Activates the voltage-gated L-type
Ca2+ in the T tubules
4. Directly activates Ca2+ pump SERCA
12. Factor XII is activated by the following
factors
1. High weight molecular kininogen
(HWMK)
2. Phospholipids
3. Prekalikrein
4. Tissue factor

13. An increase in blood (H+):
1. Stimulates respiratory
chemoreceptors
2. Increases respiratory rate and
depth
3. Increases CO2 excretion
4. Increases HCO3 – excretion
14. The neuronal action potential:
1. Is initiated by a hyperpolarizing
current
2. Has a depolarizing phase that
depends on voltage-gated Na+
channels
3. Has a repolarizing phase dependent
on K+ conductance
4. Is initiated at the axon hillock level
18. The chemical synapses
1) Calcium Channels Bipolarisation caused by
voltage gated channels to open at presynaptic
terminals
2) … large molecule transmetor … faux
19. Select when is not true regarding ion pumps
20. The Main Body Buffer systems:
1. is the intracellular fluid are the proteins and
phosphates
2. During prolonged Metabolic alcalosis include
calcium-carbonate
3. the main non-bicarbonate buffer system in the
blood, hemoglobin
4. In the blood is ammonia
21: Blood transfusion is indicated in case of :
1. Hemoglobin value between 8-10 g/dl
2. Hemoglobin value < 7g/ dl
3. Hematocrit > 40%
4. Hematocrit < 30%
22: Erytroprotein:
1. The commitment of the stem cells to
erythroblasts
2. The differentiation of the erythroblastic
stages
3. Is secondary to hypoxia
4. Secreted by spleen
23. Hematocrit
1. Normal value between 65-75% in Men
2. influenced by erythropoiesis rate
3. Increased in polycythemia
4. Blood viscosity
28. C- reactif protein
1. is the specific marker of inflammation
2. is a plasma protein
3. is decreased in inflammation
4. sythetise by the liver
29. Regarding acid base balanced (AB)
1. kidneys regulate AB balanced in second and
minutes
2. second defends line when PH shift is in the lung
3. Only the lungs regulate base excretion
4. The bicarbonate buffer is an open system
30. regarding the PH shifts
1. Alkalosis increases neuronal synaptic
transmission
2. high ph makes K+ to diffuse inside the cells
3. Acidosis induces hyperpolarization of the heart
muscle
4. Low pH increases hemoglobin affinity for O2
31. Metabotropic receptors:
1. are G-protein coupled receptors
2. trigger a response in seconds to minutes
3. Can activate gene transcription
4. are voltage-dependent receptors
32. The following are true about pupillary the
light reflex:
1. light stimulation will produce mydri
2. is a direct and consensual reflex.
3. light will produce pupillary constrict ipsilateral (
same ) eye
4. the first neuron of the pathway ( from will
synapse in the pretectal nucleus)
33. Nociceptors
1. Are located on unmyelinated C-fibers
for fast, acute, sharp intense pain
2. Are free nerve endings
3. Adapt very fast
4. Transduce intense stimuli into el
electrical events
34. Thrombin role in coagulation
1. Activate factor XIII
2. Activate factor V
3.Activate factor VIII
4. Inhibits fibrinogen conversion to fibrin
35. Depolarization of the postsynaptic segment
can be determined by:
1.chlorid influx.
2. K+ efflux.
3. Blockage of Na+ conductance.
4. Cation influx.
36. The intensity of sk muscle contraction can
be increased by:
1. tetanisation.
2. Multiple fibers summation
3. Frequency of summation
4. Optimal sarcomer length before
contraction
37. The voltage gated Na+ channels:
1. Is opened at a threshold membrane
potential -50mV.
2. Has an activation gate controlled by
voltage sensors.
3. Is responsible for rapid of rapid electrical
signaling,
4, always closed at a membrane potential of -30
mV.
38. The following are involved in the erythrocyte
function.
1. Transport of oxygen
2. CA contained within cells
3. Acid-base buffer capacity,
4. Transportation of carbon dioxide.
39. During the homeostasis vasoconstriction is
due to:
1. Thromboxane A2.
2. Myogenic mechanism
3. Nervous reflex
4. Endothelin
40. The vestibular system:
1. Is located in the inner ear.
2. Has sensory cells in ampular cristae and
maculae.
3. Detect orientation and movement of the
head.
4. Only linear head movements.
41. Select what is true about olfaction:
1. Olfactory receptors cells are
chemoreceptors.
2. Olfactory receptors are covered with
mucus.
3. Olfactory transduction involve Gp.
4. Olfactory epithelium cover the entire
surface of the nasal cavity.
42. Select what is true:
1. The vestibular receptors are found in the
choclea.
2. Na+ is the most abundant cation in
endolymph
3. Inner hair cells are responsible for sound
amplification
4. Auditory receptors are found in Corti
organ.
43. True about ANS:
1. Receives visceral afferent from thorax and
abdomen through vagus nerve.
2. Glycine main nt
3. Bulbous enlargement
4. Is not influenced by hypothalamus.
44. Plasmatic Albumin
1. Secreted only by kidney
2. Decrease in dehydration
3. High in malnutrition
4. Contributes in blood colloid osmotic
pressure.
45. Astrocyte have the following functions.
1. Contribute to BBB.
2. Respond to activation by generating AP.
3. Regulates brain interstitial fluid
composition
4. Cant divide.
46. What is true about refraction of the eye.
1. The lens has the highest dioptric power of
48.2 D.
2. Refractive of the eye is mainly formed by
cornea and the lens
3. The focal power is directly proportional to
the focal length.
4. The unit of focal power is dioptric.
47. Sensory units:
1. Single afferent neurons with all their
receptors ending in a receptive unit.
2. Have a greater discriminated ability in case
of a high receptor density.
3. Have improved sensory discrimination
when overlapped with other receptors
fields of the same sensory receptors.
4. Have large receptor field of about 40 mm
on the fingertips.
48. Not true about serotonin:
1. Act as inhibitor of pain pathway in the
spinal cord-
2. Has inhibitor action in the higher regions of
nervous system
3. Involved in mood and sleep
4. Have always excitatory action.

49. Fibrinogen:
1. Is synthesized only by liver
2. Coagulation factor 1
3. Plasmatic level increase in
inflammation
4. Plasma level is decreased for an
increased ESR.