MATHEMATICS 10

3rd Quarter
Week 6

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

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 Competency: illustrates events, and union and intersection of events.
(M10SP-IIIf-1)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

o defined sample space, events, union and intersection of events;
o listed down the elements of each event in the given experiment; and
o reflected the importance of the lesson in making decisions in real life.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

As you go along through this lesson, you may recall knowledge on the concept
of sets that you`ve learned from your previous mathematics class. Also, you will be
learning about concepts of events and its kinds and how union and intersections of
events being illustrated.

Now, let us familiarize some basic terms related to this topic.

In an experiment, the set of all possible outcomes is called sample space. Thus,
each possible outcome of a sample space is called an element of the sample space.
Activities such as rolling a die, tossing a coin, or randomly choosing a ball from a box
which could be repeated over and over again and which have well – defined results
are called experiments. The results of an experiment are called outcomes.

There are several techniques useful in determining all the possible outcomes of
an experiment to comprise the sample space. If in the experiment the elements of the
sample space are few in number, then a simple enumeration of the elements may be
undertaken.

For example:

1. In tossing a coin
Answer: S = {H, T}
2. In rolling a die
Answer: S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Recall that an occurrence referred to as a favorable outcome in an experiment

is called an event. It is any subset of a sample space. It is also a specific or collection of
outcomes. Typically, when the sample space is finite, any subset of the sample space is
an event. Since all event are sets, they are usually written in the form e.g., { 1, 2, 3 }.
Simple event is any event which consists of a single outcome in the sample space.

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For example:

A. In the experiment of rolling the die.

S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

1. the event of getting a “ 4”

Answer: E={4}

2. the event of getting a number greater than 4

Answer: E = { 5, 6 }

3. the event that the number shown is odd

Answer: E = { 1, 3, 5 }

B. In the experiment of tossing the a coin, S = { H, T }

1. the event that a tail appears

Answer: E={T}

2. the event that a head or a tail appears

Answer: E = { H, T }

Let us find out what is union of events. The union of events is an event that
something has happened and is always associated with an experiment. The union of
events A and B, denoted by A B, contains all of the elements that are in at least one
of the two events; to put it simply, it contains elements in A or B or in both A and B.

Example: The union of two events E and F when E = {1, 3, 5} and F = { 4, 5, 6 }. Illustrate it
using the Venn diagram.

Solution:

E = { 1, 3, 5 }
F = { 4, 5, 6 } , we find E ∪ F by putting all the elements of E and F together.
E ∪ F = {1, 3, 5, 4, 5, 6}, please take note that 5 is common to both E and F

U
E F
1 5 6

3 4

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 This time, let us find out what is an intersection of events. The intersection of
events is an event occurring together, if one event holds false all will be false. The
intersection of events A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, consists of all outcomes that are in
both A and B.

Example: The intersection of two events E and F when E = {1, 3, 5} and F = { 4, 5, 6 }.

Illustrate it using the Venn diagram.

Solution:

E = {1, 3, 5 }
F = {4, 5, 6 } we find E ∩ F by looking for all the elements E and F have in common.
E∩ F={5}

E F U

Take another example: Find the intersection of J and B.

J B
J = { M, A,T, H }
B={ }
M A
T H

Solution:

Since the empty set is included in any set, it is also included in J although you
don't see it. Therefore, the empty set is the only thing set J and set B have in common.
The set which contains no element is called an empty set. It is also known as null set or
void set.
J ∩ B = { } or empty set

Illustrative Example 1:

Given the following sets A and B, find the union and intersection of events and then
construct a Venn diagram.
A = {2, 4, 6, 7,8}
B = {2, 6, 10, 11, 12}

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Solution:

A B = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12}

A ∩ B = {2, 6}

U
A B
4 10
2
7 00
11
6
8 12

The Venn diagram

Illustrative Example 2:

Consider the given Venn diagram below.

U
A B
6 10
2
9 00 7
3
8
5
1 4 3

a. Name all elements in event A.

b. Name all elements in event B.
c. Find A B.
d. Find A ∩ B.

Solution:
a. Event A is {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9}
b. Event B is {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8,10}
c. A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9,10}
d. A ∩ B = {2, 3, 5}

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General Direction: Answer Activity 1-3 and the Formative Test. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on the Learning Activity Sheet.

Activity 1:
Direction: Fill in the blank with an appropriate word or phrase that will make the
statement correct.

1. The _____________________________, denoted by A ∩ B, consists of all outcomes

that are in both A and B.
2. The ____________________________, denoted by A B, consists of elements all
outcomes that are in A or B or in both A and B.
3. Any subset of the sample space is an ___________________________________.
4. The set of all outcomes in an experiment is called a _____________________.
5. Activities such as rolling a die, tossing a coin, or randomly choosing a ball from a
box which could be repeated over and over again and which have well –
defined results are called ___________________.

Activity 2:

Direction: List down the elements of each event in the given experiment. The
experiment is tossing two coins with S = {(H, H) (H, T) (T, H) (T, T)}

1. The event that a “tail” appears in the second coin.

2. The event that no “head” appears.
3. The event that both are “heads “and “tails”.

Activity 3.
A. Direction: Given the following conditions, show the Venn diagram.
Condition: Event A contains all letters from the word MARBLE and Event B contains all
the vowel letters. Find:

1. A B
2. A ∩ B

B. Direction: Give what is asked in the given situation.

In San Roque National High School, all students play either Basketball or Football or
both. 300 plays Football, 250 plays Basketball and 110 plays both the games. Given
the Venn Diagram at the right, find the following.
B F U
a. The number of students who play Football only;
b. The number of students who play Basketball only; 140 110 190
c. The total number of students in the school.

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 Formative Test
Direction: Let`s see how much you have learned about illustrating events by stating
each statement below whether it is true or false. Write T if the statement is true. On the
other hand, write F if the statement is false.

1. If M = {1, 12, 30} and S = {7, 12, 17, 20}; then M ∩ S = {12}.
2. The intersection of B and { } is { }.
3. If A = {5, 6, 7} and B = {6, 8, 10, 12}; then A ∪ B = {5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12}.
4. Union of two events is the event of elements which are common to both sets.
5. If P = {a, b, c} and Q = {b, c, d}; then P ∪ Q = {b, c}.

Answer Key

Activity 1
1. Intersection of events
2. Union of events
3. Events
4. Sample Space
5. Experiment

Activity 2
1. E = {(H, T) (T, T)}
2. E = {(T, T)}
3. E = {(H, H) (T, T)}

Activity 3
A.
1. A B 2. A∩B
A B U A B U

M I
A A
R B O
E E
L U

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 B.
Basketball = 250 and Football = 300, Both Basketball and Football (B ∩ F) = 110
a. The number of students who will play Football only.
F = 300 – 110
F = 190

b. The number of students who will play Basketball only.

B = 250 – 110
B = 140

c. The total number of students in San Roque National High School.

Total = 140 + 110 + 190
Total = 440

References

Bernabe, Julieta G., et.al. (2000). Integrated Mathematics Textbook for Fourth Year, pp.
249 - 255, JTW Corporation.
Grade 10 Mathematics Learner`s Module, pp. 328 - 332.
F.R.E.E.D MODULE in Mathematics 10, City Schools Division of Dasmariñas