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Tutorial Problems set-II

Note: All these problems can be solved using the results of Chapter-2.
n
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[0.0.1] Exercise Find a necessary and sufficient condition for hx, yi = αi xi yi to be an inner product
i=1
on Rn .
!
a11 a12
[0.0.2] Exercise Let A = be a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let fA : R2 → R be a map
a21 a22
defined by fA (x, y) = y t Ax, where x, y ∈ R2 . Show that fA is an inner product on R2 if and only if
A = At , a11 > 0, a22 > 0 and det(A) > 0.

[0.0.3] Exercise Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and let B = {u1 , . . . , un } be a basis for V.
Let hx, yi be an inner product on V. If c1 , . . . , cn are any n scalars, show that there is exactly one
vector x in V such that hx, u1 i = ci for i = 1, . . . , n.

[0.0.4] Exercise Let (V, h, i) be an inner product space. Show that hx, yi = 0 for all y ∈ V, then x = 0.
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xi yi is not an inner product on Cn .
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[0.0.5] Exercise Show that hx, yi =
i=1

[0.0.6] Exercise Let (V, h, i) be a finite inner product space. Prove that for v ∈ V − {0}, the set
W = {w ∈ V : hw, vi = 0} is a subspace of V of dimension dim V − 1.

[0.0.7] Exercise Decide which of the following functions define an inner product C2 . For x = (x1 , y1 ),
y = (y1 , y2 ).

1. hx, yi = x1 y2

2. hx, yi = x1 y1 + x2 y2

3. hx, yi = x1 y1 + x2 y2

4. hx, yi = 2x1 y1 + i(x2 y1 − x1 y2 ) + 2x2 y2

[0.0.8] Exercise Let VP3 (x) be a subspace of real polynomials of degree at most 3. Equip V with the
inner product
Z1
hf, gi = f (x)g(x)dx
0
.

1. Find the orthogonal complement of the subspace of scalar polynomials.

2. Apply the Gram Schmidt process to the basis {1, x, x2 , x3 }.

[0.0.9] Exercise Find an inner product on R2 such that he1 , e2 i = 2.

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[0.0.10] Exercise Let V be the space of all n × n over R with the inner product hA, Bi = trace(AB t ).
Find the orthogonal complement of the subspaces of diagonal matrices.

[0.0.11] Exercise Let (V, h, i) be an IPS. Let α, β ∈ V. Then show that α = β if and only if hα, γi =
hβ, γi for all γ ∈ V.

[0.0.12] Exercise Apply Gram Schmidt process to the vectors u1 = (1, 0, 1), u2 = (1, 0, −1) and u3 =
(0, 3, 4) to obtain an orthonormal basis for R2 with the standard inner product.
 
2 1 −1
t 2
 
[0.0.13] Exercise Consider the inner product hx, yi = y AX on R where A =  1  1 0 . Find an
−1 0 3
orthonormal basis B of S := {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + x3 = 0} and then extend it to an orthonormal
basis of R3 .
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[0.0.14] Exercise Let (V, h, i) be an IPS. Let ||u|| = hu, ui for all u ∈ V be the norm induced by h, i.
Then prove that ||u + v||2 + ||u − v||2 = 2||u||2 + 2||v||2 .

[0.0.15] Exercise Let (V, h, i) be a finite dimensional IPS. Let B = {u1 , u2 , . . . , un } be a basis of V. Then
prove that hu, vi = ȳ t Ax for all u, v ∈ V where x = (x1 , . . . , xn )t ,y = (y1 , . . . , yn )t are coordinates of
u and v with respect to basis B and aij = hui , uj i.