Charged particles
are sources of electric fields which result in an attraction or
repulsion of other nearby charges
Electric charge:
a fundamental electrical property that is either of positive or
negative type to which the mutual attractions or repulsions
between protons or electrons is attributed.
Electric field:
force field surrounding electric charges or group of charges
where a force acts on charges within the field.
Electric generator:
device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
usually by rotating a coil within a magnetic field.
Electric motor:
device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
using the magnetic turning effect on a coil.
Electricity:
produced by vibrating or flowing charges
Electromagnet:
magnet whose magnetic properties are produced by electric
current
Electromagnetic Induction:
phenomenon of inducing a voltage in a conductor by changing
the magnetic field near the conductor If a magnetic field within
a closed loop changes in any way, a voltage or electromotive
force is induced (produced) in the loop
Electromotive force:
voltage that gives rise to an electric current
Galvanometer:
low resistance instrument used to measure very small
currents, its direction and its relative magnitude
Magnet:
object that has the magnetic ability to attract objects made of
iron or other magnetic substance
Magnetic Domain:
microscopic grouping of atoms with their magnetic field aligned
Magnetic field:
region of magnetic influence around the magnetic poles and
moving charged particles
Magnetic field lines:
lines showing the shape of a magnetic field. A compass
placed on such a line will turn so that the needle is aligned
with it because of electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic force:
between magnets, it is attraction of unlike magnetic poles and
the repulsion between like magnetic poles; between a
magnetic field and a moving charged particle, it is a deflecting
force due to the motion of the particle; the deflecting force is
perpendicular to both the magnetic field lines and the direction
of motion
Magnetic poles:
magnetic south or north seeking regions on a magnet that
produces magnetic forces
Magnetism:
property of being able to attract objects made of naturally
occurring magnetic substances like iron, nickel, cobalt or some
of its alloys
Transformer:
can step-up or step-down voltages using the principles of
electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic wave:
a disturbance in a field that carries energy and does not
require a medium to travel.
Electromagnetic spectrum:
is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by
frequency or wavelength.
Radio waves:
are a type of electromagnetic radiation with the lowest
frequencies and the longest wavelengths in the
electromagnetic spectrum.
Microwaves:
an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength in the range
0.001–0.3 m, shorter than that of a normal radio wave but
longer than those of infrared radiation.
Infrared:
is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than that
of visible light but shorter than microwaves.
Visibile Light: Radar:
spectrum is the band of the electromagnetic spectrum that is short for radio detecting and ranging. A way of detecting
visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this aircrafts and ships from a distance and estimating their
range of wavelengths is called visible light. locations.

Ultra Violet: Radio Receivers:

located beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end and receives radio waves and convert them back to sounds
having a wavelength shorter than those of visible light but
longer than those of X-rays.

Radio Transmitter:
X-ray:
attaches information to the radio signal by modulating it
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very
short wavelength, which is able to pass through many
materials opaque to light.

Gamma Rays:
penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from
the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
Wavelength:
the distance measured from one crest of a wave to the next
crest or from one through to the second through

Concave Lens:
Frequency:
a kind of lens that is thicker at the edges and thinner in the
number of cycles a wave completes in one second; expressed center. It is called a diverging lens.
in Hertz
Concave Mirror:
a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges away
from the light source. It is called a converging mirror.

Convex Lens:
a kind of lens that is thicker in the center than the edges. It is
called a converging lens.

Convex Mirror:
a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards
the light source. It is called a diverging mirror.

Plane Mirror:
a polished or smooth surface (as of glass) that forms images
by reflection.

Reflection of Light:
the bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface.

Refraction of Light:
the bending of light rays when passing obliquely from one
medium into another.