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Worksheet-72 Definite Integration I 1673292906619
Worksheet-72 Definite Integration I 1673292906619
Worksheet-72 Definite Integration I 1673292906619
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(x) dx
a
f(x) dx
a
(x) dx
a
b
Property (9) If m f(x) M for a x b, then m (b – a) f(x) dx M (b – a)
a
b
Further if f(x) is monotonically decreasing in (a, b), then f(b) (b – a) < f(x)
a
dx < f(a) (b – a) and if f(x) is
b
monotonically increasing in (a, b), then f(a) (b – a) < f(x) dx < f(b) (b – a)
a
b b
Property (10) f(x)
a
dx f(x) dx
a
b
Property (11) If f(x) 0 on [a, b], then f(x)
a
dx 0
1 1 1
Example # 23 : For x (0, 1) arrange f1(x) = , f2(x) = and f3(x) = in ascending order
9 – x2 9 – 2x 2 9 − x2 − x3
1
1 1 1
and hence prove that
6
n2 < 9−x
0
2
−x 3
dx <
6 2
n5
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1 1 1
dx dx dx
0 9 – x2 0 9 – x2 – x3 0 9 – 2x2
1 1
1 3 + x 1
dx 1 3 + 2x
n <
6 3 – x 0 0 9 – x2 – x3 < 6 2 n 3 – 2x 0
1
1 1 1
n2 < dx < n5
6 0 9 − x 2
− x 3
6 2
5–x
2
6
Example # 24 : Prove that 1 < 2
dx
0 9– x
5
5–x
Solution : Let f(x) =
9 – x2
(x – 9)(x – 1)
f(x) = – f(x) = 0 or not defined x = 1
(9 – x 2 )2
1
Then f(0) = 5/9, f(1) = , f(2) = 3/5 The greatest and least values of the integrand in the
2
1
interval [0,2] are respectively , equal to f(2) = 3/5 and f(1) =
2
5–x 5–x
2 2
1 6
(2– 0)
2
< 0 9 – x2 dx < (2 – 0) 3/5 Hence 1 <
0
2
9– x
dx
5
e
x2
Example # 25 : Estimate the value of dx using (i) rectangle, (ii) triangle.
0
e
x2
Area OAED < dx < Area OABC
0
e
x2
1< dx < 1 . e
0
e
x2
1< dx < e
0
e
x2
Area OAED < dx < Area OAED + Area of triangle DEB
0
e +1
1 1
1
e dx < 1 + e
2
x2
1< x
.1.(e – 1) 1< dx <
0
2 0
2
1 1
e dx by using e dx .
2
x x
Example # 26 : Estimate the value of
0 0
2
Solution : For x (0, 1), e x < ex
1 1
e dx < e dx
2
x x
1×1<
0 0
e
x2
1< dx < e – 1
0
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Self practice problems :
1 1
e cos x dx < e
−x 2 − x2
(33) Prove the following : cos2 x dx
0 0
2 2
sin sin
n +1 2
(34) Prove the following : 0 < x dx < x dx , n > 1
0 0
1 1
−
(35) Prove the following : e e
< x x dx 1
0
1
1 x 3 cos x 1
(36) Prove the following : –
2
0 2 + x2 dx < 2
2
(37) Prove the following : 1 <
0
sin x dx <
2
/3
4 tan x 3 3
(38) Prove the following :
<
/ 4
x
dx <
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EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Prove the following inequalities : –
/3
3 sin x 2
(i)
8
<
/ 4
x
dx <
6
3
(ii) 4
1
(3 + x3 ) dx 2 30
2. Show that
1
1 x9 1
(i)
10 2
0
1+ x
dx
10
1
1 tan x
(ii)
2
n2
0
1+ x 2
dx
2
2
3. (i) Show that sin x.cos
0
x dx = 2sinc.cos c for some c(0, 2)
4
f(x) is a continuous function x R, then show that
f(x)dx = 2f( ) some (1, 2)
2
(ii)
1
2
e
sin2 x + sin x +1
2. = dx, then
0
(A) e3 < < 2e5 (B) 2e3/4 < < 2e3
(C) 2e3 < < 2e4 (D) 0 < < 2
3. Let f "(x) f '(x) f(0) = 3 & f(x) is defined in [–2, 2]. If f(x) is non-negative, then
0 2
(A)
−1
f(x)dx 6 (B) f(x)dx 12
−2
2 1
(C)
−2
f(x)dx 12 (D) f(x)dx 12
−1
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1 1
4. Let mean value of f(x) = over interval (0, 2) is n3 then positive value of c is
x+c 2
1
(A) 1 (B)
2
3
(C) 2 (D)
2
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ANSWER KEY
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A)
SOLUTION
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
/3
sin x 3 sin x 2
1. (i) is monotonic decreasing < dx
x 8 / 4
x 6
(ii) Let f(x) = 3 + x3
3x 2
f(x) = > 0 x (1, 3)
2 3 + x3
f is strictly increasing in (1, 3) m = least value = f(1) = 3 + 1 = 2
b
M = greatest value = f(3) = 30 m(b – a) f(x)
a
dx M(b – a)
3 3
2(2)
1
3 + x3 dx 30 2 4 3 + x3
1
dx 2 30
x9 x9
2. (i) x9 x [0, 1 ]
2 1+ x
1 1 1 1
x9 x9 1 x9 1
0
2
dx <
0
1+ x
dx x9 dx
0
10 2
0
1+ x
dx
10
(ii) x < tan x < tan 1 < 2 x (0, 1)
1 1 1
1 tan x dx 1 tan x
2
n2
0
1+ x 2dx 2
0
1 + x2
2
n2
0
1+ x 2
dx
2
b
3. (i) By mean value theorem for a cont. function f(x)dx
a
= f(c)(b – a) for some c (a, b)
2
Hence sin x cos
0
xdx = sinc cos c (2 – 0) for some c (0, 2).
4 2
= =
f(t ).2tdt = 2f(2)(2 – 1) for some (1, 2)
2
(ii) f(x)dx , let x = t2 ;
1 1
3
2. sin2x + sinx + 1 , 3 x [0, 2]
4
Hence 2e3/4 < < 2e3.
2
1
3. f(x)dx 2 ( AB + CD) 4
−2
= 2(AB + CD) = 2(2OP) = 12
& equality holds if f(x) is a linear function.
1 2
1 1 1 1 2+c
x + c dx
2
4. = n3 n ln(x + c) 0 = n3 = n3 |2 + c| = 3|c|
2–0 0
2 2 2 c
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