PLANE GEOMETRY POLYGON A polygon is a closed plane figure bounded by straight line segments as sides. TRIANGLES A triangle is a polygon having three sides. A vertex of a triangle is a point at which two of the sides meet Triangles According to the Equality of the Lengths of their Sides Scalene triangle: A scalene triangle is a triangle having no congruent sides. Jsosceles triangle: An isosceles triangle is a triangle having at least two congruent sides. Equitaterat triangie: An equilateral triangle is a triangle having three congruent sides, Triangles According to the Kind of Angles Right triangle: A right triangle is a triangle having a right angle. Obtuse triangle: An obtuse triangle is a triangle having an obtuse angle. Acute triangle: An acute triangle is a triangle having three acute angles Special Lines in a Triangle 1. Angle bisector of a triangle: An angle bisector of a triangle is a segment or ray that bisects an angle and extends to the opposite side 2. Median of a triangle: A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. 3. Perpendicular bisector of a side: A perpendicular bisector of a side of a triangle is a line that bisects and is perpendicular to a side. 4. Altitude to a side of a triangle: An altitude of a triangle is a segment from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side Area of a Triangle A= sls - as - bs -£) QUADRILATERAL Area of a Quadrilateral 1 A= zdodzsin® A= [(s—a)(s—b\(s— ei(s— a) — abe cos? (444) N Trapezoid ‘A trapezoid is 3 quadrilateral having two, and only two, parallel sides. The bases of the trapezoid are its parallel sides; the legs are its nonparallal sides. The median of the trapezcid is the segment joining the midpoints of its legs An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid whose legs are congruentArea of a Trapezoid 1 A= zt + b2)(h) Parallelogram A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose apposite sides are parallel Rectangles, rhombuses, and squares belong to the set of parallelograms. Each of these may be defined as a parallelogram, as follows: 4_ A rectangle ie an equiangular parallelogram. 2. A shombus is an equilateral parallelogram, 3. A square is an equilateral and equiangular parallelogram. Thus, a square is both a rectangle and a rhombus CIRCLE A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are at the same distance from a fixed point called the center. The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle. It contains 360_. A radius of a circle is a line segment jain ng the center to a point on the circle. A central angle is an angle formed by two radii. An arc is a continuous part of a circle. A minor arc is an arc that is less than a semicircle, A major arc is an arc that is greater than a semicircle Sema Tangent To intercept an arc is to cut off the arc. A chord of a circle is a line segment joiniag two points of the circumference A diameter of a circle is a chord through the center. A secant of a circle is a line that intersec's the circle at two points. A tangent of a circle is a line that touches the circle at one and only one point no matter how far produced. PROBLEM SOLVING Problem 4. A triangular field has sides of lengths 125 yards, 160 yards, and 225 yards Approximate the number of acres in the field. (One acre is equivalent to 4840 square yards.) Problem 2. An equilateral triangular field has sides equal to 2 m each. If the field is divided into two equal areas by a line parallel lo one side, compute the length of the dividing line,Problem 3. In triangle ABC, AB = 15m, BC = 18m, and CA = 24m. How far is the point of intersection of the angular bisectors from the vertex C in m? Problem 4. Find the area of a quadrilateral having sides AB = 10 cm, BC = 5 cm, CD = 14.14. cm, and DA = 15 cm. If the sum of the opposite angles is equal to 225° Problem 5. A farmer owns two square lots of unequal size, together containing 6568 m?. If the lots were contiguous, it would require 356 m of fence to enclose them in a single closure of six sides. Find the dimension of the smallest lot. Problem 6. A circle having a diameter of & cm s inscribed in a sector having a central angle of 80 degrees. Find the area of the sector. Problem 7. A swimming pool is constructed in the shape of two overlapping identical circles having a radius of 9 m and each cirele passes through center of each other. Find the area of the swimming pool, Problem 8. A circle is tangent to two perpendicular lines. A smaller circle is drawn inside such that it is tangent to the lines and the bigger circle. What is the area of the smaller circle if the bigger circle has an area of 50.4 om*? Problem 9. Three circles are mutually tangent to one another externally. Connecting the three center forms a triangle whose sides are 16 cm, 20 cm, and 24 cm long. Whatis the area of the smallest circle in cm?, Problem 10. Find the circumference and area of the circumscribed circle and inscribed circle (a) of a regular hexagon whose side has length 8; (b) of an equilateral triangle whose altitude has length 9V3.