Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY STATE UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales
School Year 2023 - 2024 Grade Level 10
Teacher Al Christian Tomatom Learning Area Science
Teaching Date Quarter 3

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate understanding of the information stored in DNA as
Standards being used to make proteins.
B. Performance
Standards
C. Learning Explain how protein is made using information from DNA
Competencies/
Objectives S10LT-llld-37
Write the LC
code for each The students should be able to:
1. Describe the structure of DNA and RNA
D. Developmental 2.
Levels 3. the importance DNA and RNA.

Topic: DNA and RNA structure

II. CONTENT
Science Learning Skills: Inferring, Observing, Communication
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide
Pages 192 to 195
pages
2. Learner’s
Pages 264-268
Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning
PowerPoint presentation, pictures, Projector, flashcards, art materials.
Resources
IV. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity
Preliminary Activities Greetings Good morning sir!
“Good Morning! (Name of the
section).
Prayer (someone raise his/her hand to lead
Any volunteer to lead the prayer? prayer)
Checking of Attendance
May I call the secretary of the class Student/secretary: No one is absent
to report who is absent today? today Sir.

Okay, I’m glad to hear that.

 Setting of Classroom Rules
 Sit properly and sit on
proper seating arrangement
 Be quiet
 Participate
 Listen attentively
 If you know the answer,
kindly raise your right hand
and stand up when
speaking.
It is understood? Yes sir.
In this short activity you are going
to identify what the image is talking
about. Unscrambled the jumbled
letters.
1.

A. Reviewing Sir, in number 1 the answer is

previous lesson Ribonucleic Acid
or presenting the
new lesson
(Elicit)
ROBINCULIEC ADIC ( RAN)

2.

EDOYXRBIOES NULEICC
AIDC ( NAD)

3.
Sir< in number 2 the answer is
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

REGORG EMNDEL
B. Establishing a Why all of us are unique? Student 1: Because we have different
purpose for the characteristics came from our parents.
lesson (Engage)
How do I get the physical traits of
my parents? Student 2: By the storing of information
of their traits in my DNA.
 Student 4: Sir, you need to build a
Can you elaborate how the house is foundation first, A framework , hollow
built? blocks, iron steel , wood, cement, sand
and gravel stone.

Student 5: sir, we observe that it needs a

What do you observe on those foundation and a framework first for us
procedures? to build a house.

Student 6: Sir . the first image shows

C. Presenting the DNA and the next pictures shows
examples/instanc the framework of the house, the DNA
es of the new molecule serves as the frame work of
lesson (Engage) the cell

How these images are connected?

D. Discussing new
concepts and
practicing new
skills #1
(Explore)
I need to group you into 4 groups.

For group no.1 and 3 . Illustrate the

DNA and RNA structure. Descirbe
the illustration.

For group 2 and 4 Site the

differences of the DNA and RNA
molecules. By the form of a song.
(The students doing their tasks a
I will give 5 minutes to finish the group.)
activity.
E. Discussing new
I hope that everyone will
concepts and
participate.
practicing new
skills #2
Okay , your time is up. It’s time to
(Explore)
present your work. (The students are finished to present
their work)

Okay, very good. Give yourself a

Regine Clap!

F. Developing While performing their task the

mastery (leads to teacher will observe for some terms
Formative and give the definition of it. He will
Assessment 3) make sure that the information are
(Explain) correct and well explained by the
 presenter’s.

G. Finding practical DNA and RNA are the two most

applications of important molecules in cell biology,
concepts and but what are the key differences
skills in daily between them?
living
(Elaborate)

What are the key differences

between DNA and RNA?

We can identify five key categories

where DNA and RNA differ:

 Function
 Sugar
 Bases
 Structure
 Location

Function

DNA encodes all genetic

information, and is the blueprint
from which all biological life is
created. And that’s only in the
short-term. In the long-term, DNA
is a storage device, a biological
flash drive that allows the blueprint
of life to be passed between
generations2. RNA functions as the
reader that decodes this flash drive.
This reading process is multi-step
and there are specialized RNAs for
each of these steps. Below, we look
in more detail at the three most
important types of RNA.

What are the three types of

RNA?

 Messenger RNA (mRNA)

copies portions of genetic
code, a process
called transcription, and
transports these copies to
ribosomes, which are the
cellular factories that
facilitate the production of
proteins from this code.
 Transfer RNA (tRNA) is
responsible for bringing
amino acids, basic protein
building blocks, to these
protein factories, in
response to the coded
instructions introduced by
the mRNA. This protein-
building process is called
translation.
 Finally, Ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) is a component of
the ribosome factory itself
without which protein
production would not
occur1.

Sugar

Both DNA and RNA are built with

a sugar backbone, but whereas the
sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose
(left in image), the sugar in RNA is
called simply ribose (right in
image). The ‘deoxy’ prefix denotes
that, whilst RNA has two hydroxyl
(-OH) groups attached to its carbon
backbone, DNA has only one, and
has a lone hydrogen atom attached
instead. RNA’s extra hydroxyl
group proves useful in the process
of converting genetic code into
mRNAs that can be made into
proteins, whilst the deoxyribose
sugar gives DNA more stability3.

Figure 2: The chemical structures

of deoxyribose (left) and ribose
(right) sugars. Credit: Technology
Networks.

Bases

The nitrogen bases in DNA are the

basic units of genetic code, and
their correct ordering and pairing is
essential to biological function. The
four bases that make up this code
are adenine (A), thymine (T),
guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Bases
pair off together in a double helix
structure, these pairs being A and T,
and C and G. RNA doesn’t contain
thymine bases, replacing them with
uracil bases (U), which pair to
adenine1.

Structure

While the ubiquity of Francis Crick

and James Watson’s (or should that
be Rosalind Franklin’s?) DNA
double helix means that the two-
stranded structure of DNA structure
is common knowledge, RNA’s
single-stranded format is not as
well known.

RNA can form into double-stranded

structures, such as during
translation, when mRNA and tRNA
molecules pair. DNA polymers are
also much longer than RNA
polymers; the 2.3m long human
genome consists of 46
chromosomes, each of which is a
single, long DNA molecule. RNA
molecules, by comparison, are
much shorter3.

Location

Eukaryotic cells, including all

animal and plant cells, house the
great majority of their DNA in the
nucleus, where it exists in a tightly
compressed form, called a
chromosome4. This squeezed
format means the DNA can be
easily stored and transferred. In
addition to nuclear DNA, some
DNA is present in energy-
producing mitochondria, small
organelles found free-floating in the
cytoplasm, the area of the cell
outside the nucleus.

The three types of RNA are found

in different locations. mRNA is
made in the nucleus, with each
mRNA fragment copied from its
relative piece of DNA, before
leaving the nucleus and entering the
cytoplasm. The fragments are then
shuttled around the cell as needed,
moved along by the cell’s internal
transport system, the cytoskeleton.
tRNA, like mRNA, is a free-
roaming molecule that moves
around the cytoplasm. If it receives
the correct signal from the
ribosome, it will then hunt down
amino acid subunits in the
cytoplasm and bring them to the
ribosome to be built into proteins5.
rRNA, as previously mentioned, is
found as part of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are formed in an area of
the nucleus called the nucleolus,
before being exported to the
cytoplasm, where some ribosomes
float freely. Other cytoplasmic
ribosomes are bound to the
endoplasmic reticulum, a
membranous structure that helps
process proteins and export them
from the cell5.
H. Making
generalizations
and abstractions
about the lesson
(Elaborate)

Why all of us are unique?

How do I get the physical traits of

my parents? Yes, sir

Is it impotant to be aware of
knowig the differences between the
DNA and RNA ?

I. Evaluating 1. DNA ( //)

learning Short quiz:
(Evaluate) Identify if the statement describe a
DNA or RNA. Draw 2 vertical 2. DNA (//)
lines if DNA and 1 vertical line if
RNA. #.RNA (/)

1. it encodes all genetic 4. RNA (/)

information.
5. RNA (/)
2. double helix structure

3. single strand

4: A reader that decodes the flash

drive like.

5. the sugar in ______ is called

simply ribose.
 J. Additional
activities for
application or
remediation Assignment:
(Extend) Create a model of DNA and RNA
structure

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80% in the
evaluation
B. No. of learners who require additional activities
for remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners
who have caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well?
Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my
principal or supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I
use/discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared By:

AL CHRISTIAN M. TOMATOM
intern

Reviewed By:

Evelyn O. Laguatan
(Cooperating Teacher)

Date:
___________________