Lesson 4 Foundation of curriculum development

Learning outcome

 Describe the foundations of curriculum development

 Explain how each foundation influences the curriculum

What is curriculum development?

- Curriculum development is anchored on a very solid foundation. Although considered to be a

new discipline, its significance in the light of global developments has now been acknowledged.

Question: What philosophical, historical, psychological and sociological influences inform the current
school curriculum?

How these foundation reflect the development of curriculum in our 21 st century classroom and
learning environment?

Who are the identified curricularists with these foundation? Let us find out!

Explanation: Ayaw lang ni butang PPT

explanation
Curriculum development is the process of creating a structured plan for teaching and learning in
schools. It involves a systematic approach to designing, implementing, and evaluating an educational
program that meets the needs of the learners and aligns with the goals and objectives of the educational
institution.

What is the foundation of the curriculum?

- It is refers to the underlying principles, concepts, and theories that guide the design,
development, implementation, and evaluation of educational programs. It involves a deep
understanding of the nature of learning, the needs and interests of the learners, the goals and
objectives of the educational program, and the social and cultural context in which education
takes place.

Foundation of curriculum

1. Philosophical foundation

- Educators, teachers, educational planners and policy makers must have a philosophy or strong belief
about education and schooling and the kind of curriculum in the teachers’ classrooms or learning
environment.
Philosophy of the curriculum answers questions like:

What are schools for?

What subjects are important?

How should student learn?

What methods should be used?

What outcome should be achieved? Why?

- The various activities in school are influenced in one way or another by a philosophy. John
Dewey influenced the use of “learning by doing”, he being a pragmatist. Or to an essetialist, the
focus on the fundamentals or reading, writing and arithmetic are essential subjects in the
curriculum.
-

Explanation ayaw lang ni butang ppt

- Is a course of study that focuses on the fundamental principles, beliefs, and values that underpin different
philosophical systems or schools of thought.
- The aim of a philosophical foundation curriculum is to provide students with a broad understanding of the
philosophical underpinnings of various disciplines and fields of study. It can help them develop critical
thinking skills, improve their ability to reason and argue logically, and enable them to engage with complex
issues and ideas in a thoughtful and informed way.

There are philosophies in education, but we will illustrate only those presented by Ornstein and Hunkins
in 2004.

A. Perennialism
 Aim: To educate the rational person; cultivate intellect
 Role: Teachers assist students to think with reason (critical thinking HOTS)
 Focus: Classical subjects, literary analysis. Curriculum is enduring
 Trends: Use of great books (Bible, Koran, Classics) and Liberal Arts
B. Essentialism
 Aim: To promote intellectual growth of learners to become competent
 Role: Teachers are sole authorities in the subject area
 Focus: Essential skills of the 3Rs; essential subjects
 Trends: Back to basics, Excellence in education, cultural literacy

C. Progressivism
 Aim: Promote democratic social living
 Role: teacher leads for growth and development of lifelong learners
  Focus: Interdisciplinary subjects. Learner-centered. Outcome-based
 Trends: Equal opportunities for all, Contextualized curriculum, Humanistic education

D. Reconstructionism
 Aim: To improve and reconstruct society. Education for changed
 Role: teacher acts as agent of change and reforms
 Focus: Present and future educational landscape
 Trends: School and curricular reform, Global education, Collaboration and convergence,
Standards and Competencies