O/A LEVEL

Elimination Reaction : Opposite to addition

reaction .

Reactant releases small molecule to

* a
give
I products .

↓ 1
---- % = C + H2
&
11 /

called elimination .
Also electrophilic
Alkyl halide
④ ② Alcohols
or

Halogeno alkane

R-CHc X R CH2 0-H

-
- -

Elimination alcohol is called

of also

dehyration .

Elimination in alkyl halide/Halogeno % (R-X)

alkanes
Halogeno alkane is heated with eltanolic Naott
* ,

* H-X moleule in .
eliminated
* Alkene are the product
* Ethanolic KOHt can also be used .

It X
~_ NaOH
Celhanol /
R- -H
R -

C -C- H >
- c = C + NaX + Ho
Y
it it H-

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 O/A LEVEL

H
④ Hc NAOH
cuH
'
S
L ↑ Lestianol
>
- C =
+ NaCC + H2O
H
H C C H
heat
- -
-

i it
H

②
H
I Hit
I
NaOH
Celhanol) HHHHI
Nal + HOH
He c c -

C -
C -
H >
- C C-H
+
He c -C
-

=
-

heat
i it be it it it But-1-ene
2 Chloro but are Minor
t
N/
H
H H It
I I ↑ ↑
H -
c -
C = C -
C -
H

i it
But-2-eve &
N
major
↓ y
H
c = C
-H H
,
H CH3 H
I
'H3
cis-but-2-ene tran but-2-ene

-- -
-

f
---

mixture both structural & stereoisomers .

formed
of are

(position) (cis-trans)

2-chlorobutane gives 3 organic products

CH3
( NGOH CH3 CH
(ecnanolic)
Cl+ - HzC-C = CH-CHz +
Hz) -CH-CH= CH2
HzC-CH-CH
-

heat

2
products

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 O/A LEVEL
CH3 CH2
NaOH I

HzC
-
d-ce >
-
(elhand)
H,
-
C I product
neat CH >
CHs only

HcCH -

e- CHEC
NaOH
(elhanol)
>
-
heat
no reaction

'Hz
Alkyl halides in which the C adjacent t C-X has

at least then
one
hydrogen , only elimination occurs
.

#
↑ ↑
-
C -
C-X
I I

Dehydration in alcohols (R-OH)

* Alcohol is heated with catalyst : Al2O3 or
concentrated H2SOy

* On
dehydration/elimination in alcohols , alkene and
water forms
* Only those alcohols undergo dehydration in which the
atom adjacent
carbon to C-OH has atleast one
hydrogen.

- -
o -
H
/

It O H
H2SOy
-

conc .
R
~_ -H
°
180 C &
R -

C -C- H >
- c = C t H20
Al2O3 Y
it it 300 C
°
H/

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 O/A LEVEL

It o
- H
~_
conc . H2SOy
°
180 C HOH
C-
E
H H
H = C
-

> H C +
-
-
- -

I
H H Al2O3
300 C
°
I
H
I

H H H H conc . H2SOy H H H H
-I ↑ I 180 C
°
-I I

H -
C C - -

C -
C -

H > H
-
-
C c - -
C = C- H + Hot
Al2O3
H H b - pi °
300 C H H But-1-ene
+
N
Butan-2-ol H HH H
↑ 1 I
X H -
C -
C -

-
C -
C -
H

bit
I

H it x
But-2-ere

d ↳
H H H
& - HzC - -

c = C c = C
-
-
H
He CH3 CH3

cis-but-2-ene trans but-2-eme

-=1 -
-
structural &
mixture of both Stereoisomers are
formed
Butan-2-of gives 3 organic products
Conc H2SO4 CH3 CH3
.

CH3 °
C ↑ I
180
HzC
-

CH-CH-CHs -
Al2Os
HzC-C =
CH-CHz +
Hz) -CH-CH= CH2

oft 300
°
C
2
products

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 O/A LEVEL

Conc H2SO4
.

CH2
CH3
°
↑ 180 C I
C OH - C
H H,
- -
-

Al2Os CH >
CHs 300
°
C

HcCH
Conc H2SO4 .

°
180 C no reaction
C-CHEOH -
-

Al2Os
'Hz 300
°
C

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