DAY FIVE

Circular
Motion
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Concept of Circular Motion u Forces in Circular Motion
u Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion u Applications of Circular Motion

Concept of Circular Motion

Circular motion is a two dimension motion. To bring circular motion in a body it must be
given some initial velocity and a force. Circular motion can be classified into two types-
Uniform circular motion and Non uniform circular motion.
When an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed then the motion is said to
be a uniform circular motion.
When an object moves in a circular path with variable speed, then the motion is said to
be non-uniform circular motion.

Terms Related to Circular Motion

1. Angular Displacement
It is defined as the angle turned by the particle from some reference line. Angular
displacement ∆θ is usually measured in radians.
Finite angular displacement ∆θ is a scalar but an infinitesimally small displacement is
a vector.

2. Angular Velocity
v2
It is defined as the rate of change of the angular
displacement of the body.
B
From figure a particle moving on circular track of radius r is r2
showing angular displacement ∆θ in ∆t time and in this time
period, it covers a distance ∆s along the circular track, then O ∆θ v1
 ∆θ  dθ
Angular velocity, ω = lim   = r1
∆t→ 0  ∆t  dt A
It is an axial vector whose direction is given by the right
hand rule. Its unit is rad/s.
3. Angular Acceleration Applications of Circular Motion
It is the rate of change of angular velocity. Some of the most important applications of centripetal and
dω d2θ centrifugal forces are given below
Thus, α= =
dt dt 2
Motion of a Vehicle on a Level Circular Road
Its unit is rad/s2 .
When a vehicle negotiates a circular path, it requires a
centripetal force.
Dynamics of Uniform In such cases the lateral force of friction may provide the
Circular Motion required centripetal force. Thus, for maintaining its circular
path required centripetal force,
If a particle is performing circular motion with a uniform
speed, then motion of the particle is called uniform circular  mv2 
  ≤ frictional force (µ mg)
motion. In such a case,  r 
dv v2 Maximum speed vmax = µrg
= 0 and ac = ω2 r = [Q v = rω]
dt r where, µ = coefficient of friction between road and vehicle
Thus, if a particle moves in a circle of radius r with a uniform tyres and r = radius of circular path.
v2
speed v, then its acceleration is towards the centre. This
r
acceleration is termed as centripetal acceleration. Bending of a Cyclist
When a cyclist goes round turns in a circular track, then angle
NOTE • In non-uniform circular motion Resultant acceleration of
made by cyclist with vertical level is given by
v4
the body is a = ar2 + aT2 = + r2 α2 v2
r2 tan θ =
rg
aT
 v2 
a Tangential θ = tan −1  
acceleration  rg 
O ar
Radial Banking of a Curved Road
acceleration
For the safe journey of a vehicle on a curved (circular) road,
without any risk of skidding, the road is slightly raised
towards its outer end.
Forces in Circular Motion
Let the road be banked at an angle θ from the horizontal, as
In circular motion of an object two kinds of forces occur shown in the figure.
which are described below
If b is width of the road and h is height of the outer edge of the
road as compared to the inner edge, then
Centripetal Force
v2 h
The centripetal force is the force required to move a body tan θ = =
rg b
along a circular path with a constant speed. The direction of
the centripetal force is along the radius, acting towards the
centre of the circle, on which the given body is moving.
R R cos θ
Centripetal force,
mv2 4π 2  1 θ
F = = mrω2 = mr 4π 2 ν2 = mr 2 Qv = R sin θ A
r T 
 T  Outer
edge
Work done by centripetal force is always zero as it is F raised
perpendicular to velocity and hence instantaneous θ mg
O X
displacement. B

If friction is present between road and tyre, then Maximum

Centrifugal Force speed,
Certrifugal force can be defined as the radially directed rg (µs + tan θ)
outward force acting on a body in circular motion, as observed vmax = ,
1 − µs tan θ
by a person moving with the body.
where, µs = coefficient of static friction.
mv2
Mathematically, centrifugal force = = mrω2
r
 DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 For a particle in a non-uniform accelerated circular What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of
motion correct statement is the stone while in circular motion?
(a) velocity is radial and acceleration is transverse (a)163 ms −2 (b) 64 ms −2
(b) velocity is transverse and acceleration is radial only (c)15.63 ms −2 (d) 125 ms −2
(c) velocity is radial and acceleration has both radial and 9 A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 cm with constant
transverse components speed and time period 0.2 π s. The acceleration of the
(d) velocity is transverse and acceleration has both radial particle is j CBSE AIPMT 2011

and transverse components

(a) 25 m/s 2 (b) 36 m/s 2
2 An athlete completes one round of a circular track of (c) 5 m/s 2 (d) 15 m/s 2
radius 10 m and time period 40 s. The distance covered
10 In the given figure, a = 15 m/s 2 represents the total
by him in 2 min 20 s is
acceleration of a particle moving in the clockwise
(a) 70 m (b) 140 m (c) 110 m (d) 220 m direction in a circle of radius R = 2.5 m at a given instant
3 A car wheel is rotated to uniform angular acceleration of time. The speed of the particle is j NEET 2016

about its axis. Initially its angular velocity is zero. It

rotates through an angle θ1 in the first 2s, in the next 2s, it
θ
rotates through an additional angle θ 2, the ratio of 2 is 30°
θ1 R
a
(a) 1 (b) 2 O
(c) 3 (d) 5
4 Which of the following statements is false for a particle
moving in a circle with a constant angular speed.
(a) 4.5 m/s (b) 5.0 m/s (c) 5.7 m/s (d) 6.2 m/s
(a) The velocity vector is tangent to the circle.
(b) The acceleration vector is tangent to the circle. 11 A uniform circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is free to
(c) The acceleration vector point to the centre of the circle turn about an axis which is perpendicular to its plane and
(d) The velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular passes through its centre. It is subjected to a torque
to each other.
which produces a constant angular acceleration of
 20 2.0 rad s −2. Its net acceleration a in ms −2 at the end of
5 A particle moves along a circle of radius   m with
 π 2.0 s is a approximately j
NEET 2016
constant tangential acceleration. If the velocity of the (a) 7.0 (b) 6.0 (c) 3.0 (d) 8.0
particle is 80 m/s at the end of the second revolution
12 A particle of mass 100 g tied to a string is rotated along
after motion has begain, the tangential acceleration is
a circle of radius 0.5 m. The breaking tension of string is
(a) 160π m/s 2 (b) 40 m/s 2 (c) 40π m/s 2 (d) 640π m/s 2 10 N. The maximum speed with which particle can be
6 An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm measured rotated without breaking the string is
from the axis of rotation. If the fan is rotating at 120 (a) 10 ms −1 (b) 9.8 ms −1
rev/min, the acceleration of a point on the tip of the (c) 7.7 ms −1 (d) 7.07 ms −1
blade is 13 A proton of mass 1.66 × 10−27 kg goes round in a circular
(a) 1600 m/s 2 (b) 47.4 m/s 2 (c) 23.7 m/s 2 (d) 50.55 m/s 2 orbit of radius 0.10 m under a centripetal force of
7 An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of radius 1 km with 4 × 10−13 N, then the frequency of revolution of the proton
a speed of 900 kmh −1. Ratio of centripetal acceleration to is about
acceleration due to gravity is (a) 0.08 × 108 cycle/s (b) 4 × 108 cycle/s
(a) 12.3 (b) 3.3 (c) 8 × 108 cycle/s (d) 12 × 108 cycle/s
(c) 6.4 (d) None of these 14 If the radius of curvature of the path of two particle of
8 A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m same masses are in the ratio 1 : 2, then in order to have
and at height 2.0 m above level ground. The string constant centripetal force, their velocity should be in the
breaks and the stone flies off tangentially and strikes the ratio of
ground after travelling a horizontal distance of 10 m. (a) 1 : 4 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 4 : 2 (d) 1 : 2
15 One end of the string of length l is connected to a particle of 19 A cyclist goes round a circular path of length 400 m in
mass m and the other end is connected to a small peg on a 20 s. The angle through which he bends from vertical in
smooth horizontal table. If the particle moves in circle with order to maintain the balance is
speed v, the net force on the particle (directed towards center) (a)sin−1 (0.64) (b) tan−1 (0.64)
will be (T represents the tension in the string) j NEET 2017 (c)cos−1 (0.64) (d) None of these
mv 2 mv 2 20 A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a banked curve of
(a)T (b) T + (c) T − (d) Zero
l l radius 90 m on a frictionless road. If the banking angle is
16 A coin placed on a rotating turn table just slips, if it is 45°, the speed of the car is j CBSE AIPMT 2012

placed at a distance of 8 cm from the centre. If angular (a) 20 ms −1 (b) 30 ms −1 (c) 5 ms −1 (d) 10 ms −1
velocity of the turn table is doubled, it will just slip at a
21 Find the maximum velocity with which a train can be
distance of
moved on a circular track of radius 200m. The banking of
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 8 cm
the track is 5.71° (Given, tan 5.71° = 0.1) j AFMC 2011

17 What will be the maximum speed of a car on a road turn (a) 1.4 m/s (b) 14 m/s (c) 140 m/s (d) 0.14 m/s
of radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction between, the
tyres and the road is 0.4? 22 A cyclist riding the bicycle at a speed of 14 3 m/s takes
a turn a circular road of radius 20 3 m without skidding.
(Take, g = 9.8 m/s 2)
What is his inclination to the vertical?
(a) 10.84 m/s (b) 9.84 m/s
(a) 30° (b) 90° (c) 48° (d) 60°
(c) 8.84 m/s (d) 6.84 m/s
23 A road of width 20 m forms an arc of radius 15 m, its
18 The maximum velocity with which a car driver must
outer edge is 2 m higher than its inner edge. For what
traverse a flat curve of radius 150 m and coefficient of velocity the road is banked?
friction 0.6 to avoid skidding?
(a) 10 ms −1 (b) 14 .7 ms −1
(a) 60 (b) 30
(c) 15 (d) 25 (c) 9.8 ms −1 (d) None of these

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 A cyclist starts from centre O of a circular park of radius 4 A stone of mass 0.25 kg tied to the end of a string is
1 km and moves along the path Q whirled round in a circle of radius 1.5 m with speed
OPRQO as shown in given figure. If R 40 rev/min in a horizontal plane. What is the tension in the
he maintains constant speed of string ? What is the maximum speed with which the stone
10 m/s, what is his acceleration at P can be whirled around, if the string can withstand a
O
point R in magnitude and direction? maximum tension of 200 N?
(a) 0.1 m/s 2 , along RO (b) 0.2 (a) 4.4 N, 32.0 m/s (b) 6.6 N, 34.6 m/s
m/s 2 , along OR (c) 4.4 N, 42.8 m/s (d) 6.6 N, 24.8 m/s
(c) 0.3 m/s 2 , along RO (d) 0.4 m/s 2 , along RO 5 Two stones of masses m and 2m are whirled in horizontal
2 A car rounds a curved road of radius 150 m at a speed r
circles, the heavier one in a radius and the lighter one
of 20 m/s. Calculate the angle of banking, so that there is 2
no side thrust on the tyres. Also, find the elevation of the in radius r. The tangential speed of lighter stone is n
outer wheels over the inner wheels, if the distance times that of the value of heavier stone when they
between them is 1 m. experience same centripetal forces. The value of n is
j
CBSE AIPMT 2015
(a) 15.22°, 0.428 m (b) 15.22°, 0.272 m
(c) 10°, 4.186 m (d) 10°, 3.581 m (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
3 A 200 kg car has to go ever a turn whose radius is 750 m 6 The small spherical balls are free to move on the inner
and the angle of slope is 5°. The coefficient of friction surface of the rotating spherical chamber of radius
between the car wheels and the road is 0.5. What should R = 0. 2 m. Sphere is rotating about the axes XX′ with
be the maximum speed of the car? So, that it may go angular velocity ω. If the balls reach a steady state at
over the turn without slipping. Take g = 9.8 m/s 2. an angular position θ = 45°, the angular speed ω of
(a) 67.2 m/s (b) 60.2 m/s (c) 72.2 m/s (d) 76.2 m/s device is
 X ω g g 1 1
3r (a) (b) (c) g (d) g
R sinα R cosα R cosα R sinα
11 A 70 kg man stands in contact against the inner wall of a
R θ R hollow cylindrical drum of radius 3 m rotating about its
θ θ vertical axis with 200 rev/min. The coefficient of friction
between the wall and his clothing is 0.15. When the floor
X′
(a) 8 rad/s (b) 2 rad/s
is suddenly removed, what is the minimum rotational
(c) 3.64 rad/s (d) 9.34 rad/s speed of the cylinder to enable the man to remain stuck
to the wall without falling (approximately)?
7 A heavy small-sized sphere is suspended by a string of
(a) 5 rad/s (b) 10 rad/s
length l. The sphere rotates uniformly in a horizontal
(c) 15 rad/s (d) 20 rad/s
circle with the string making an angle θ with the vertical.
Then, the time-period of this conical pendulum is 12 A national roadway bridge over a canal is in the form of
an arc of a circle of radius 49 m. What is the maximum
l l sin θ
(a) t = 2 π (b) t = 2 π speed with which a car can move without leaving the
g g
ground at the highest point? (take, g = 9.8 ms −2 )
l cos θ l
(c) t = 2 π (d) t = 2 π (a) 19.6 ms −1 (b) 40 ms −1
g g cos θ (c) 22 ms −1 (d) None of these
8 A stone tied to the end of a string of 1 m long is whirled 13 A motorcycle moving with a velocity 72 kmh −1 on a flat
in a horizontal circle with a constant speed. If the stone road takes a turn on the road at a point where the radius
makes 22 revolutions in 44 s, what is the magnitude and of curvature of the road is 20 m. The acceleration due to
direction of acceleration of the stone? gravity is 10 ms −2. In order to avoid skidding, he must not
π2 bent with respect to the vertical plane by an angle
(a) ms −2 and direction along the radius towards the
4 greater than
centre (a) θ = tan−1 (2) (b) θ = tan−1 (6)
(b) π 2 ms −2 and direction along the radius away from centre (c) θ = tan−1 (4) (d) θ = tan−1(25.92)
(c) π 2 ms −2 and direction along the radius towards the 14 A car is moving in a circular horizontal track of radius
centre 10.0 m with a constant speed of 10.0 ms −1. A plumb bob
(d) π 2ms −2 and direction along the tangent to the circle is suspended from the roof of the car by a light rigid rod
9 A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km/h. As he of length 1.00 m. The angle made by the rod with the
approaches a circular turn on the road of radius 80 m, he track is (take, g = 10 ms −2). j
AFMC 2010
applies brakes and reduces his speed at the constant (a) zero (b) 30°
rate of 0.5 m/s every second. What is the magnitude of (c) 45° (d) 60°
the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn? 15 A car is negotiating a curved road of radius R. The road
(a) 0.5 m/s 2
(b) 0.86 m/s 2
(c) 0.72 m/s 2
(d) 0.3 m/s 2 is banked at angle θ. The coefficient of friction between
the tyres of the car and the road is µs . The maximum safe
10 A hemispherical bowl of radius R is rotating about its axis
velocity on this road is j
NEET 2016
of symmetry which is kept vertical. A small ball kept in the
bowl rotates with the bowl without slipping on its surface. If  µ + tanθ  g  µ s + tanθ 
(a) gR  s  (b)  
the surface of the bowl is smooth and the angle made by  1 − µ s tanθ  R  1 − µ s tanθ 
the radius through the ball with the vertical is α. Find the g  µ s + tanθ   µ + tanθ 
(c)   (d) gR 2  s 
angular speed at which the bowl is rotating. R 2  1 − µ s tanθ   1 − µ s tanθ 

ANSWERS
SESSION 1 1 (d) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (d) 15 (a) 16 (b) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (b) 20 (b)
21 (b) 22 (d) 23 (b)

SESSION 2 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (b) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (a)
50 40 DAYS ~ NEET PHYSICS DAY FIVE

Hints and Explanations

SECTION 1 ∴a =
(250) 2
= 62.5 ms −2 and g = 9.8ms −2
QLinear acceleration at the end of 2 s.
1000 a t = αr = 2 × 0.5 ⇒ a t = 1 m/s2
1 In non-uniform circular motion particle
a 62.5
possess both radial as well as transverse ∴ = = 6.4 Therefore, the net acceleration at the
acceleration and velocity of particle is g 9.8 end of 2.0 s is given by
transverse.
8 Given, r = 1.5 m, h = 2 m and d = 10 m a= ac2 + a2t
2 Time period = 40 sec
2h 2×2 a = (8)2 + (1)2 = 65
No of revolution t = = = 0.64 s
=
Total time
=
140
= 3.5 rev g 9.8 ⇒ a ≈ 8 m/s 2

time period 40 10
v = = 15.62 ms −1 12 Given, m = 100 g , r = 0.5 m, F = 10 N
So, distance t
d = 3.5 × 2 πR = 3.5 × 2 π × 10 = 220 m v 2 (1562. )2 mv 2
∴ a= = Centripetal force, F = ,
r 1.5
3 α = ω and ω = θ ⇒ α = θ2
r
− 163 ms −2
= 162.65 ~
t t t v =  rF 
 
but α = constant 9 Acceleration, a = rω2  m
θ1 (2) 2 θ1 1 where, ω is angular frequency given by 0.5 × 10 × 1000
So, = or = =
θ1 + θ2 (2 + 2) 2 θ1 + θ2 4 2π
ω= 100
θ 1 + θ2 4 θ 4 T
= 50 ms −1 = 7.07 ms −1
or = or 1 + 2 = 4 π2
θ1 1 θ1 1 As, a= ω r ⇒a= 2 r
2
T 13 Given M = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
θ2
∴ =3 Given, r = 5cm = 5 × 10−2 m, r = 010
. m
θ1
T = 0.2 π s F = 4 × 10–13 N
4 × π2 × 5 × 10−2
4 The acceleration vector is not tangent to ∴ a= = 5ms −2 mv 2
the circle. (0.2 π )2 Centripetal force F =
r
5 Initial velocity, u = 0 10 Centripetal acceleration of a particle F = m × 4 π2 n2 r
Final velocity, v = 80 m/s moving on a circular path is given by 4 × 10−13 = m × 4 π2 × n2 r
v2
Radius of circle, r =   m
20
ac = Frequency
 π R
4 × 10−13
Distance travelled In the given figure, n= −27
ac = a cos 30° = 15 cos 30° m/s2 1.66 × 10 × 4 × (314
. )2 × 010
.
s = 2 × (2 πr ) = 2 2 π ×  = 80 m
20
 π v2 = 0.08 × 108 cycle/s
⇒ = 15 cos 30°
Now, by applying third equation of R 2

motion 3
14 The centripetal force, F = mv
⇒ v 2 = R × 15 × r
v 2 = u2 + 2as 2 mv 2
(80)2 = 0 + 2 × at × 80 r =
3
= 2.5 × 15 × F
at = 40 m/s2 2 ∴ r ∝ v 2 or v ∝ r
∴ v = 5.7 m/s [If m and F are constant]
6 Centripetal acceleration of rotating body
11 According to given v1 r1 1 1
is given by = = =
question, a v2 r2 2 2
v2 r 2ω2 0.5m
aC = = = rω2 uniform circular
r r disc of radius 15 Consider the string of length l
aC = 4rπ2 v 2 50 cm at rest is connected to a particle as shown in the
Here, r = 30 cm = 30 × 10−2 m = 030
. m free to turn about figure.
120 an axis which is
v = 120 rev/min = rev/s = 2 rev/s peg particle
60 perpendicular to its plane and passes v
aC = (030
. × 4 × 314
. × 314
. × 2 × 2) through its centre. l
= 47.4 m/s2 This situation can be shown by the Speed of the particle is v. As the particle
figure given below is in uniform circular motion, net force
7 Centripetal acceleration is given by
∴ Angular acceleration, α = 2 rad s −2 on the particle must be equal to
v2
a= (given) centripetal force which is provided by
r
Angular speed, ω = αt = 4 rad s −1 the tension (T ).
Given, r = 1 km = 1000 m ∴ Net force = Centripetal force
1000 Q Centripetal acceleration, ac = ω2 r
v = 900 km/h = 900 × ms −1 mv 2
3600 = (4)2 × 0.5 = 16 × 0.5 ⇒ =T
= 250 ms −1
l
ac = 8 m/s2
16 We know that, centrifugal force 23 Condition for velocity on banked road Frequency ν = 40 rev / min
F = mrω2 v2 40 2
∴ tan θ = ⇒v = rg tan θ = rev /s = rev /s
1 rg 60 3
rω2 = constant, ω2 ∝ Centripetal force required for circular
r 2
2
But, tan θ ≈ θ ≈ sin θ = motion is obtained from the tension in
ω  r 20 the string.
Given, ω2 = 2ω1 or  2  = 4 ⇒ 1 = 4 [for small angle]
 ω1  r2 ∴Tension in the string = Centripetal
Given r = 154 m force
∴ r2 = 2 cm [Q r1 = 8 cm]
∴ v = 15 × 9.8 ×
2 mv 2 m(ωr )2
T = = = mrω2
17 If v is the velocity of the vehicle while 20 r r
rounding the curve, the centripetal force = 14.7 ms −1 = mr (2 π ν)2 (Q ω = 2 πν)
mv 2
required = = mr 4 π2 ν2
r SESSION 2 2 2
= 0.25 × 1.5 × 4 ×   ×   = 6.6 N
As this force is provided only by the 22 2
force of fricition, 1 Acceleration of the cyclist at point R  7  3
mv 2 = Centripetal acceleration (ac ) Maximum tension which can be with
≤ µmg ⇒ v 2 ≤ µrg
r v2 (10)2 100 stood by the string
ac = = =
v ≤ µrg ⇒ v max = µrg r 1000 1000 T max = 200 N
∴ = 01
. m/s2 , along RO mv 2max
v max = 0.4 × 30 × 9.8 ∴ T max =
r
= 10.84 m/s 2 Here, v = 20 m/s, r = 150 m; l = 1 m. If T max × r 200 × 1.5
⇒ v max =
2
= = 1200
18 Given, r = 150 m, µ = 0.6 θ is angle of banking, then m 0.25
Maximum velocity v = µrg ∴ v max = 1200 = 34.6 m/s
= 0.6 × 150 × 10 = 30 m/s 5 Given, that two stones of masses m and
19 Given, l = 400 m, t = 20 sec 2 m are whirled in horizontal circles,
mg r
θ the heavier one in a radius and lighter
Total length of circle, l = 2πr 2
mg mv 2 one in radius r as shown in figure.
400 = 2 πr sin θ =
2 cos θ r
 400 
  v2 (20)2 v2
v 2
 20  6.28 ⇒ tan θ = =
Q tanθ = = = = 0.64 rg 150 × 9.8
rg  400  9.8
  g
= 0.2721
r/2
2m
 2π 
∴ −1
θ = tan (0.64) θ = 15.22°
Suppose that, h is the distance through r
2
20 Angle of banking, tanθ = v which the outer part of the wheel has to
m
rg be raised with respect to the inner rail. v1
h
Given, θ = 45° , r = 90 m, g = 10 m/s2 sin θ = As, lighter stone is n times that of the
l value of heavier stone when they
v2
∴ tan 45° = Since, θ is small, sin θ ≈ tan θ experience same centripetal forces, we
90 × 10 h v2
∴ = (Q tan θ = v 2 / rg ) get (Fc )heavier = (Fc )lighter
⇒v = 90 × 10 × tan 45° rg
l 2m (v )2 m (nv )2
= 900 = 30 m/s ⇒ = ⇒ n2 = 4 ⇒ n = 2
v2
20 × 1 2
(r / 2) r
⇒ h= l=
2 rg 150 × 9.8
21 Angle of banking, tanθ = v 6 Given, R = 0.2 m
rg = 0.272 m
Given, r = 200 m, θ = 5.71 ω
3 Given, m = 200 kg, r = 750 m,
⇒ v = rg tanθ
θ = 5° , µ s = 0.5
N sin 45°
= 200 × 10 × tan 5.71 The maximum speed,
1 /2
= 200 × 10 × 0.1  rg (µ s + tan θ) N °
v max =  45
= 14.14 m/s = 14 m/s 
 (1 − µ s tan θ)  mrω2 N cos 45°
1 /2
22 Given, v = 14 3 m/s, r = 20 3  750 × 9.8(0.5 + tan 5° ) R sin 45º
= 3R
 (1 − 0.5tan 5° ) 
v2 
−1 
Angle θ = tan   1 /2
mg
 rg  750 × 9.8(0.5 + 0.087)
=
r
 (14 3 )  2  1 − 0.5 × 0.087  r = 3R + R sin 45°
= tan −1  
 20 3 × 9.8  v max = 672 . m/s N cos 45° = mrω2 and N sin 45° = mg
mg g
= tan −1 ( 3 ) 4 Mass of a stone m = 0.25 kg ⇒ tan 45° = = 2
mrω2 rω
θ = 60° Radius of the string r = 1.5 m
 g g Radius of the circular turn (r) = 80 m 12 Given, R = 49 m,
⇒ ω= =
r R ∴Centripetal acceleration acting on the
3R + v = gR = 9.8 × 49
2 cyclist
−1
= 3.64 rad/s v 2 (15 / 2)2 = 21.9 ms ≈ 22 ms −1
ac = =
r 80
7 Radius of circular path in the horizontal 13 Using the formula for motorcycle not to
225
plane = m/s2 skid
4 × 80  v2 
r = l sin θ θ = tan −1  
Resolving T along the vertical and = 070
. m/s2  rg 
horizontal directions, we get, Tangential acceleration applied by where, r = 20 m
T cos θ = Mg ...(i) brakes a T = 0.5 m/s2
v = 72 kmh −1
T sin θ = Mrω2 = M (l sin θ) ω2 Centripetal acceleration and tangential 5
= 72 × = 20 ms −1
or T = Mlω2 ...(ii) acceleration acts perpendicular to each
18
other.
 20 × 20 
∴ Resultant acceleration, ∴ θ = tan −1  
θθ  20 × 10 
a= a2c + a2T = (07
. )2 + (0.5)2
T l or θ = tan −1 (2)
T cos θ = 0.49 + 0.25 = . = 0.86 m/s2
074
14 Angle of banking is
10 Balancing the forces, we get
mv 2 / r v2
A Tsinθ r B ω tan θ = ⇒ tanθ =
mg rg

Mg Given, v = 10.0 ms –1 , r = 10 m
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get l = 1.00 m
R
lω2 g = 10 ms –2
1
= or ω2 =
g N α
cos θ g l cos θ 90 – α (10)2
⇒ tan θ = = 1 ⇒ θ = 45°
2π l cos θ r 10 × 10
∴ Time period, t = = 2π
ω g mg 15 According to question, a car is
negotiating a curved road of radius R.
8 Since, speed is constant throughout the The road is banked at angle θ and the
motion, so it is a uniform circular N sin (90 − α ) = mg …(i)
coefficient of friction between the tyres
motion. Therefore, its radial and, N cos (90 − α ) = m ω2 r
of car and the road is µ s . So, this given
acceleration Also, r = R sin α situation can be drawn as shown in
2
2 π n 4 π2 n2 N = mω 2 R
a = r ω = r 
So, …(ii) figure below.
 =r×
2
 t  t2 N cos θ
From Eq. (i) and (ii), we get
Given, r = 2 m, n = 22, t = 44 sec m ω 2R N g
1 × 4 × π2 × (22)2 = ⇒ω =
= = π2 ms −2 mg N cos α R cos α θ
N sin θ
(44)2
11 Cylinder being vertical, the normal Fl cos θ
and direction along the tangent to the θ
circle reaction of the wall on the man acts fl
horizontally and provides the necessary fl sin θ
a
centripetal force, N = mrω2 θ
mg
The frictional force f , acting upwards
O m balances his weights f = mg
r Considering the case of vertical
Man will remain stuck to the wall after equilibrium
the floor is removed i.e. he will N cos θ = mg + f l sin θ
continue to rotate with the cylinder ⇒ mg = N cos θ − f l sin θ …(i)
9 Speed of the cyclist (v) = 27 km/h without slipping, if f ≤ µ N Considering the case of horizontal
5 Q 1 km/ h = 5 m/s  mg ≤ µ mrω2 equilibrium,
= 27 × m/s
18  18  g g mv 2
ω2 ≥ ⇒ω ≥ N sin θ + f l cos θ = …(ii)
15 µr µr
= m/s R
2 Minimum angular speed of rotation of Divide Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
aT the cylindrical drum is v2 sin θ + µ s cos θ
= [ f1 = Nµ s ]
ωmin =
g Rg cos θ − µ s sin θ
a µr
θ
 sin θ + µ s cos θ 
O Given, µ = 015
. , r = 3 m, g = 9.8 m/s2 ⇒ v = Rg  
ac  cos θ − µ s sin θ 
9.8
∴ ωmin = = 4.67 rad s −1  tan θ + µ s 
. ×3
015 ⇒ v = Rg  
−1  1 − µ s tan θ 
≈ 5 rad s