AMITY UNIVERSITY

ITM ASSIGNMENT PRESNTED TO - Ms. Anita Venaik

PRESNTED BY

SUPREET SINGH-28 HEMANT KUMAR -29 SAJAN SINGH-31 ALAN WHEELER-52

SECTION-D MBA : 2011-2013 TOPIC INDIAN RAILLWAYS AND BPR

BPR-BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING

Business process re-engineering is the analysis and design of workflows and processes within an organization. According to Davenport (1990) a business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering is the basis for many recent developments in management. The cross-functional team, for example, has become popular because of the desire to re-engineer separate functional tasks into complete crossfunctional processes. Also, many recent management information system developments aim to integrate a wide number of business functions. Enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, knowledge management systems, groupware and collaborative systems, Human Resource Management Systems and customer relationship management Business process re-engineering is also known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management. The term process in the context of reengineering: - A process is a series of related activities that: Takes an input Add value to it Produces an output for a customer

A model of (BPR)

What to reengineer
According to many in the BPR field reengineering should focus on processes and not be limited to thinking about the organizations. After all the organization is only as effective as its processes so, what is a process? A business process is a series of steps designed to produce a product or a service. It includes all the activities that deliver particular results for a given customer (external or internal).

From a practical standpoint, BPR is generally approached in three steps: mapping of existing processes, developing new processes, implementing new processes,

Introduction to Indian Railways

The Indian railways are a departmental undertaking of Government of India, which owns and operates most of Indias rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. Indian Railways has 114,500 kilometers (71,147 mi) of total track over a route of 65,000 kilometers (40,389 mi) and 7,500 stations. It has the world's fourth largest railway network after those of the United States, Russia and China The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country and carry over 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. It is the world's second largest commercial or utility employer, with more than 1.36 million employees As for rolling stock, IR owns over 240,000 (freight) wagons, 60,000 coaches and 9,000 locomotives Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, meter and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities. Railway zones Indian Railways is divided into zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1952, sixteen in 2003 and finally 17 in 2010. Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number of divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions. Each of the seventeen zones, including Kolkata Metro, is headed by a General Manager (GM) who reports directly to the Railway Board. The zones are further divided into divisions under the control of Divisional Railway Managers (DRM). The divisional officers of engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal and telecommunication, accounts, personnel, operating, commercial and safety branches report to the respective Divisional Manager and are in charge of

operation and maintenance of assets. Further down the hierarchy tree are the Station Masters who control individual stations and the train movement through the track territory under their stations' administration.

History Of Indian Railway

1853 First train runs (Boribunder to Thane) 1854 the first passenger train (Howrah to Hoogly) 1856 First south line was open. (Chennai) 1859 First north line (Allahabad to Kanpur) 1947 Post partition 21 railway systems - 10 owned by the GOI and balance by princely 1951 Southern, Central and Western Railways SR, CR&WR created 1952 Northern, Eastern and North Eastern Railways, NR, ER&NER created 1955 South Eastern Railways, SER created 1958 1966 2002 North East Frontier Railways, NFR created. South Central Railways, SCR created. East Central & North Western Railways created in October states.

2003 South Western, West Central, North Central, South Eastern Central & East Coast Railway, created in April 2003

CHANGES IN INDIAN RAILWAYS

Some new generation vocabulary which have been seen in the Indian railways are words like hand-held computers ,smart cards, automatic vending machines ,closed circuit tv, e ticketing, short messaging services ,call centres and internet it is found that railways have made really goods plans for harnessing the power of technology to run the world largest railway network . Railways suddenly look so enviably productive because of resorting to latest technologies be it information technology or signalising or locomotion or ticketing and reservation and last but not the least safety .only factor in success in all these is implementation of right technology through the process of BPR

First order Change

Doubling of Railway routes Railway road kms expansion Phasing out of steam engines. Replacing diesel engines with electric engines. Meter gauge to broad gauge conversion. Electrification of routes Third class accommodation abolished Introduction of AC-2 tier and AC-3 tier coaches Introduction of IRCTC Outsourcing of maintenance operations Decentralization Human Resource initiatives Product innovation Increasing the speed of trains

Second order changes

Usage of IT in Railways Metro Rail Golden quadrilateral projects Expansion of Railway Zones from nine to sixteen

 Usage of IT in Railways
TRAIN MANGEMENT SYSTEM Coming to the basic plans, HP and IBM are providing the Railways with a growing number of servers, ABB offers train management systems, while many including Wipro deliver systems integration services. DATABESE MAINTENANCE Oracle, in association with the Centre for Railway Information System (Cris), a central government body that manages the IT backbone of the Railways, has developed software for passenger booking and database maintenance, which will replace the existing flat-file system that is incapable of capturing passenger demographics, seasonal variations and booking patterns. Oracle Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) software has been helping railways to manage operations of 7,000 goods trains with over 2.5 lakh wagons across the country SIGNAL INFRASTRUCURE Bangalore (India) based McML Systems designs, develops and implements end-to-end signal infrastructure for the Railways. These electronic signal systems help the Railways to run more trains on the same track without collision or derailment. Effective signal infrastructure virtually multiplies the track by three or four times, thereby saving huge investment and space. McML systems founded by a team of technocrats, the company today provides signal infrastructure to 14 out of 16 zones of main line railways and metro rails in the country. AUTOMATIC TICKETING SYSTEM MRO-Tec, another Bangalore-based last mile access provider, has implemented a network for unreserved railway ticket vending. This automatic ticketing system constantly keeps the main ticketing terminal up to date. It also updates the key server on the ticket money collected from across the country. These are extremely critical networks that will have direct impact on business continuity, productivity and financial transparency.

CLOSED CIRCUIT TV Another Bangalore firm, which did not want to be named, is working on a CCTV (closed circuit TV) surveillance project, which will connect individual stations and platforms across the country to key tracking terminals. CALL CENTERS Recently, the Railways outsourced a portion of its critical call center operation which provides train arrival and departure information to Chennai based Lattice Bridge Infotech. For Southern Railway alone, the call centre handles 20,000 customer calls a day. HP India (sales, technology solutions group) will be working closely with the IT/BPO firm chosen by the Railways to set up the call centre by equipping them with the necessary infrastructure namely servers, storage and management services. They will also be working with the Railways to further upgrade their reservation systems and in freight management issues. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT The Railways Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO), Lucknow, has a tie up with Texas-based UGS Corporation as provider of product lifecycle management (PLM) software and services. UGS offers a suite of integrated CAD, CAE and CAM applications and 3D software to research and design outfits, which helps the Railways to reduce cost of production and improve quality and profitability. Rail Coach Factory at Kapurthala and Diesel Locomotive Works at Varanasi are currently using these solutions E-GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVE Freight revenue enhancement Passenger revenue enhancement Operational Cost Reduction Initiatives to improve its Decision Makin

Freight revenue enhancement

The incentives to ramp up volume were complemented by a two-pronged revenue enhancement strategy, which capitalized on opportunities and reduced losses by exiting non-core operations. The strategy in freight operations was to recognize low-cost high-volume operations where the Railways

Enjoyed significant comparative advantage vis-a-vis road and air transport and achieve higher realizations For example, the tariff on ore has been increased by 70% (virtually no competition) at a time when rate on iron and steel has been reduced 30%. The strategy to focus on capacity utilization resulted in high volumes and compensated for the discounts and the lowered tariffs. Some of the innovative measures adopted in the passenger segment included increasing the number of coaches in popular trains and encouraging occupancy in the profitable upper classes. The passenger tariffs were rationalized such that the fares of AC First and AC Second Class were 11.5 times and 6.5 times the Second Class fare respectively. This, coupled with the innovative automatic up gradation scheme, enabled higher occupancy in the profitable upper classes. The Railways also exited from the loss-making parcel and catering services and offered it to private players on a bidding basis. There was also a significant thrust on non-fare income streams such as advertising and allied services including land-use rights at railway stations.

Passenger revenue enhancement

The emphasis here is on the use of Revenue Management Techniques to not only enhance its revenues but also to improve its information and customer service. The various acknowledged steps in this regard are: Better utilization of MIS Reports to be used for decision support systems. Identification of means to increase the coverage of Passenger Reservation System (PRS) from the present 20% in case of long distance passengers. Outsourcing of distribution for better efficiencies and reducing costs. Revenue Management System variable pricing depending on demand

Operational Cost Reduction

Freight Related Management Systems such as Wagon and Crew Management system, Parcel Management System, and Inland Traffic Management System etc are advised to reduce costs in freight Management. The idea is to improve the utilization of assets through these means

Initiatives to improve its Decision Making

Long Range Decision Support System (LRDSS) is recommended to be fully embedded in the decision making process of IR. It is also recommended that the system be expanded to include modules on passenger traffic and the terminal simulations. Building a top down approach to meet the requirements at all senior levels. Also, appropriate organization has to be built at the necessary levels for this purpose.

E-governance measures in Passenger Business - PRS

PRS networking of entire Indian Railways completed in April, 1999. is running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying 4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains and executing ONE MILLION passenger transactions per day. Internet booking of tickets was started In August 2002. TATKAL has been converted from a separate coach to a normal Quota and enabled for all trains in 2004 Internet booking timings extended to 4:00 a.m. 11:30 p.m. from March 2005

PRS Enquiry Systems

Indian Railways web-site, www.indianrail.gov.in offers PRS enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability, Passenger Status, Fare, Train Schedule etc A maximum of 42 lacs hits per day have been recorded National Train Enquiry System (NTES) website, www.trainenquiry.com gives dynamic information about the running status of any train and its expected arrival/departure at any given station Mobile telephone based SMS enquiry service A new mobile phone based facility for rail users viz., Train Delay Alert Service Country wide extension of Universal Rail Enquiry number 139 through setting up of Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) based state-of-the-art Call Centres Request For Proposal (RFP) is being prepared.

PRS WORKS IN PROGRESS

Display of Coach-wise Berth/Seat Vacancy Status Reduction in Waiting List Numbers by utilizing vacant journey-legs of berths E Ticketing Scheme of Frequent Rail Travellers (SOFT) Hand-held Terminals for TTEs Fund allocated for this work is inadequate Web based Ticket auction

 Disaster backed PRS sites for business continuity. Migration to RDBMS Architecture.

PRS Data Warehouse

Reports giving passengers travelled and earnings realized train-wise for each class vis-vis the potential for a selected period have been made available at the five PRS sites. PRS Data Warehousing Reports are now web enabled and are available all over Indian Railways on the website Enhancements to enable Railway users to generate ad hoc reports themselves by using Business Intelligence (BI) Tools planned for the current year. Fund allocation for this work is inadequate

Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)

The work load involved in printing , accounting and issuing tickets to the mega segment has been a difficult task therefore Indian railways introduced UTS to improve customer satisfaction, revenue generation, accounting, and reporting capabilities and reduce fraud .Railways has also introduced electro-mechanical printing devices and also SPTM machines. But these methods had limitations After the inauguration of a pilot project in Delhi area in August 2002 UTS has been extended to 51 important stations of Northern Railway. UTS server clusters installed in three more Zonal Railways East Central Railway at Patna North Eastern Railway at Gorakhpur and Eastern Railway at Kolkata. UTS has also been extended to all the remaining Zonal Railways by connecting certain selected stations of each zones to the existing server clusters of Northern and Eastern Railways

Works done under UTS

UTS has been implemented at 500 more stations Thin Client based UTS successfully implemented on East Central Railway in March 2005. An extend thin client based UTS to other locations so that ticketing activity can continue even if the communication link or the server goes down for some time. Business Continuity for UTS under all circumstances the most important objective . intercluster UTS operation migration plannedto ensure continuous ticketing under all circumstances.

Freight Operations Information System

An on line real time system for management and control of freight traffic User driven design and implementation Foundations for a total logistics system

Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) was implemented in Indian Railways as an initiative to leverage the use of Information Technology in the freight segment as an aid to decision making and to ultimately improve the freight services. After successful completion of trials and its implementation in Northern Railway, the system comprising two modules- Rake Management System and Terminal Management System- was rolled out to all the zones over Indian Railways. This was an ambitious project introduced, inter alia, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of operating data to provide a real time view of transactions and to serve as a decision making tool in allotment of rakes to customers and improved asset turnaround. Indian Railways (IR) depends on freight traffic for the bulk of its revenues. Freight is subject to frequent changes based on the freight marketing policies and initiatives launched from time to time. The sheer size and complexity of Report No.8 of 2010-11(Railways) 36 operations, lack of continuous cargo visibility and end-to-end commitment to freight customers necessitated development of a system for availability of information on freight operations as an aid to decision making. Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) was initially sanctioned in 1983-84. The application software -Traffic Reporting and Control System- procured from Canada, customized as centralized application for FOIS at a cost of Rs.74.38 crore (up to March 1996) failed at the trial stage as an interface could not be established with the subsystems indigenously developed by the Centre for Railway Information System (CRIS) and was abandoned in 1996.Subsequently, IR developed and implemented FOIS with the help of M/s Computer Maintenance Corporation (CMC) Limited and CRIS. A prototype of FOIS application software comprising Rake Management System (RMS) and Terminal Management System (TMS) was developed and implemented in Northern Railway in 2000. RMS covered various operational functions relating to routing, tracking and yard activities and had seven sub modules while TMS covered the commercial activities pertaining to goods sheds such as generation and accounting of Railway Receipts etc and had 11 sub-modules. Subsequently, M/s CMC developed an upgraded production version of RMS and TMS to make it apposite for IR

Terminal Management System (TMS)

TMS computerizes the following: Calculation of freight and other charges Generation of Railway Receipt(RR) Billing and Accounting of freight earnings

As part of FOIS Terminal Management System (TMS) is under vigorous implementation on Indian Railways. The commercial package of TMS enables generation of railway receipt (RRs). Proliferation of TMS is taking place rapidly. The aim is to cover all major handling points. Unlike manual system, a large number of activities such as registration fee, commodity code, rate, class, routing, surcharges, numerical code/alpha code allotted to a station, minimum weight condition station-to-station rates, all types of rebates etc are centrally fed in the system to derive minimum advantages for greater customer satisfaction, better efficiency, accurate charging and consequent earnings etc. this will broadly eliminate occurrences of raising of undercharges on account of inappropriate interpretation of rules and calculation of different charges. Such a system would require a centrally controlled maintenance and updating of referential data including uniform applicability of rates circulars issued from time to time. For proper working of TMS, the database needs to be scrutinized and updated to ensure that the rates are levied correctly and any software logic changes get reflected properly in the application.

Latest BPR services

Improvised freight wagons Territorial Readjustment of Zones and In-House Reforms National Rail Vikas Yojana New Steps towards Safety and Security Duronto Trains

RFID for wagon and consignment racking

Rail Budget Compilation System (RBCS. A web-enabled works programmed management system is being developed and linked to same Comprehensive Accounting & Transaction System (CATS) for RDSO Comprehensive Pay Roll Processing System (CPPS) for DLW Railway Officers Information System (ROIS) Data Center for Zonal railways