Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT)

RAMECHHAP POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTE
Manthali-1 Ramechhap
Bagmati provenance
Estd: 2074BS
Report of Work Experience Program (WEP)2079
(Third Batch)

Prepared by Submitted to
Asmita Thapa Ramechhap Polytechnic Institute
Durga Shrestha Plant Science Department
Komalraj Shrestha
 Report outlines/index
Topic page no
1. WEP...................................................................................................3-4
I. Introduction .............................................................................3
II. WEP objectives .......................................................................3-4
2. WEP site ............................................................................................4-5
I. Introduction ...............................................................................4
II. Organization structure................................................................5
III. Rules and responsibilities...........................................................5
3. Work experience.................................................................................6-25
I. Tomato........................................................................................7-12
II. Sponge gourd .............................................................................12-15
III. Summer squash ..........................................................................15-17
IV. Watermelon ................................................................................17-19
V. Cucumber ..................................................................................20-23
VI. Other cultivation..........................................................................23
VII. Ornamental and horticulture nursery..........................................23-25
4. Exposures.............................................................................................25-27
I. Visiting 15th chrysanthemum exhibition......................................25
II. Broiler rearing............................................................................. 25
III. volunteer work in nearby community jungle..............................26
IV. Installing weather station............................................................26-27
5. Problems and difficulties.....................................................................27
6. Attempted solution .............................................................................28
7. Conclusion...........................................................................................28
8. Recommendation and suggestion......................................................28-29
9. Photo gallery ......................................................................................30-45
I. Tomato ..................................................................................30
II. Cucumber..............................................................................31
III. Sponge gourd........................................................................32
IV. Squash...................................................................................33
V. Watermelon...........................................................................34-35
VI. Other cultivation ..................................................................36
VII. Nursery activates..................................................................37-41
VIII. Broiler rearing......................................................................42
IX. Other.....................................................................................43-45

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Introduction
work experience program (WEP) is a skills training program designed to
acquired practical knowledge in the real field during the certain period of time. It ensures
young people acquire level of experience more their employability and to acquire skill for
self-development crucial to thriving in the 21st century world of work. The technical
education is not completed only gaining theoretical knowledge that’s why practical work
experience is necessary to enhance the quality technical education and to produce skillful
qualified and dynamic technicians. It is 3 months internship program that will provide learner
with the opportunity to gain relevant knowledge, skill which greatly increase their potential
for successful employment. It is also the way of learning outside of the classroom.it value
skill such as communication, team working, Problem solving, planning, negotiations skills
etc.
The education from the theory books is not reliable as the practical knowledge from our
day-to-day life and some practical observation as well as excursion. The learning from
practical doing is long lasting than the parrot reading theory. Therefore, in the technical
sector/part the practical knowledge is better than theoretical one. So, to do work in the
real field WEP play vital role. WEP develop knowledge, skill, attitude, experience,
innovation etc.

Objectives
The objective of the WEP is to learn about specific business, job, industry, idea which help
to make more information and help to choose about futures Also, help to improve confidence
and motivation and to offer tangible benefits but most important to find the work that can
improve their lives and opportunity. Make students familiar with/gain experience of the world
of work as well as to provide them an opportunity to gain skill that are new or not covered in
the institute. The nature of the training is practical works and the durations will be three month
(480 hrs.). Some of the major objectives of WEP are
• To develop sense of professionalism and love of work
• To develop culture of team working
• To develop communication skill
• To develop interpersonal skill
• To develop ability to understand, and adopt to the work place culture
• To develop ability to appear self confidence

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 • To develop problem solving and decision-making capacity
• To develop planning, organizing and time management skill
• To apply theoretical knowledge into practical field as well as practical life
• To develop the personal knowledge and skill in the practical field of work what we do
• To become professional technician from learners
• To learn the extension system of agriculture field and interest of the farmers

WEP site
RAMECHHAP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
Manthali-1, snimadu Ramechhap
Bagmati provenance
Ramechhap polytechnic institute located at Manthali-1, Ramechhap, 131km east from capital
city of Nepal. It is the first institute of district where diploma level classes of plant science,
animal science is run and newly introduce food and dairy technology from this year 2079.It
is established in 2074 BS which works under Council for Technical Education and Vocational
Training (CTEVT). This institute is extended up to 255 ropani which focuses in giving
practical knowledge along with theoretical knowledge where more than 250 learners are
studying and more than 50 skilled technicians had already pass out. This institute provides
pleasant learning environment under the instructions of instructors. By following the principal
of “Learn, Earn and Enterprise” this institute provides projects to the learners from which
they can apply their theoretical knowledge, skill and some cultural practices, postharvest skill
marketing skill etc. and can earn money. Now collage is interduce with new program which
is “Business Incubation Center” which help to incubate real world business from the
imagination of entrepreneur. This polytechnic institute provides short term skill providing
training out of agricultural field and other technical field like swing and knitting, plumbing,
wiring and other many more skill to be employment in different corners of our district to
increase employability skill of youth.

4
 Organization structure
RAMECHHAP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
Manthali-1, Sanimadu Ramechhap
Steering committee

Principal

Administration Department of Production Business Hostel

AG plant unit incubation
science center (BIC)
Account
section
Department of
AG vet. science
Department of
store

Department of
Department of
AG vet. science
library
special

Department of
examination

Rules and regulation of the collage

• Running with following the prepared rules and regulation to run the entire collage
system smoothly and healthily is the main rule
Some of the rules of this organization are
• Organization runs according to government rules and trainee should enter premises
before that time (Ex if 10 am than 9:45 am)
• Maintain discipline and obey instructor instruction respectfully
• Preserving the entire property of the collage is the duty of the trainee
• Handling the instrument and machinery safely, carefully and with full responsibility
during work time
• Flexible with the timely change rules and regulation
• Run according to time sedule of the organization
• Respect to all the member of the organization
• Maintain your KSA change

5
Work experience
We manage to stay in collage itself for WEP program because we are running nursery
previously in the time of collage and we want to grow the nursery with running other project
in the same time.
Frist day of the WEP we plan the project which we want to learn which include:
1. Ornamental nursery
2. Bottom mushroom
3. Multi harvest broccoli cultivation
4. Off season sponge gourd cultivation in green house
5. Composting/vermicomposting
6. Garden design
7. Rooftop gardening
8. Water melon
9. Off season squash cultivation etc.
From above list of the planning, we are able to run some of the project
Which are
1. Tomato cultivation
2. Sponge gourd cultivation
3. Squash cultivation
4. Cucumber cultivation
5. Ornamental nursery
6. Horticulture nursery
7. Watermelon cultivation etc.

6
 Tomato cultivation
Tomato
Scientific name: Solanum lycopersicon
Family: Solanaceae
Variety: VL-443(PRUNA) indeterminate
Spacing:75*60cm
Date of seed sowing:2079/05/25
Date of germination:2079/05/29
Date of transplant:2079/06/16
Plant population:176 seedlings
Frist flowering:2079/07/20
Area of cultivation:90 square meter poly tunnel

Introduction:
Tomato is a berry of the plant solanum Lycopersicon belonging to the Solanaceae. The
species of the tomato have originated in the western south American region and the cultivation
was probably started by the people of Mexico. Generally, the tomato is a fruit i.e., berry
consisting of an ovary along with the seeds of the flowering plant. However, the tomato has
low sugar content than any other fruits and is hance considered as culinary vegetable. This is
a widely used vegetable in almost every country in salad, juice, sauces, and making other
delicious cuisines.
The tomato is considered to be the most profitable crops in horticulture in Nepal. Commercial
cultivation can make a profitable agribusiness. This vegetable can be produced through the
year and its demand in the local and international market keeps the business actives.
The tomato plant is considered to be a vine, which can grow to a height when supported by
stalks. Indeterminate varieties of tomato plants are perennials, which die in temperate
climates, whereas determinate varieties of tomato plants are an annual type of plants at all
climatic conditions.
The leaves of the tomato plant are mostly compound in structure and are called as regular leaf
plants. The stem and leaves are densely hairy in nature.
The flowers of the plant are yellow in color with five pointed lobes on the corolla. The width
of the flower is 1 to 2 cm and they grow in clusters.

7
The tomato is a berry, which develops from the ovary after fertilization. The flesh of the
tomato has pericarp walls. The vegetable has a hollow space that is filled with seeds, and
moisture.
The plant is a dicot and grows as a series of stems having a terminal bud at the tip, which
actually develops fruits or tomatoes.

Soil and climate:

The tomato is both a warm as well as a cool climate crop. Under the hot weather conditions,
the plants need irrigation. The tomatoes can be grown at an altitude of 1500 m above the MSL
and require an annual rainfall of 60-150 cm openly. The ideal temperature required for the
cultivation of tomato is 20-25˚C, but for the exclusive red color of the vegetable, the plant
needs a temperature of 21-24˚C. Excess heat can burn the plants, flowers, and fruits, whereas
extreme lower temperatures can reduce the production and color of the fruit. One should
understand that the plants cannot tolerate high humidity and frost conditions.
Tomato plants can be cultivated in a wide range of soils with good draining properties. The
soil should be deep and should have a minimum pH range of 6-7. Generally, sandy loam or
black soil is considered good for tomato cultivation. The minimum depth of the soil is
expected to be 15-20 cm for a healthy yield. The soil should be limed together with the supply
of proper nutrients so as to facilitate healthy growth of the plant.

Land preparation and planting:

We ploughed land thoroughly 3 times before cultivation with adding FYM. Then we levelled
and elevated beds are prepared for planting tomato seeds. Sterilizing the land with the
formalin@5ml/ltr and mancozeb@2gm/ltr to protect it from soil pathogens.
The tomato plant is a day-neutral plant and can be grown during any season. We prepare a
bed size of 1 m breadth and cover with the mulching film.
Manure and fertilizers used:
We used FYM @2 to 2.5kg/meter square of land and we use approximately 250kg of FYM.
During the land preparation we should use 60:80:60kg NPK during field preparation but we
don’t have inputs so we only use FYM during field preparation.
The tomato plants are supplied with 30 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer after 30-45 days of
planting. If tomatoes are being cultivated organically then application of organic manure is
very important during the growing period.

8
 S. Date Inputs Amount Remarks
N
1 2079/06/29 NPK 1kg Fertigation
19:19:19
2 2079/07/30 Calcium 30 gm Foliar spray
3 2079/08/03 Boron 500gm Drenching
Calcium 500gm
4

Irrigation requirement for growing tomato:

Care should be taken to keep the plants irrigated in drought areas because if the plants are
irrigated suddenly after a long spell of dryness, there is a problem of fruit cracking. Irrigation
should provide according to soil condition. Generally, we are providing irrigation interval of
5 to 6 days in our soil condition.
Pest and disease:
Tomato plants are prone to fungal, viral and bacterial diseases such as Fusarium wilt, mildew,
leaf blight, mold rot, mosaic virus and damping off. Managing diseases or preventing their
occurrence is highly important because once the plants get those diseases, it is difficult to
control them. The best way to prevent diseases is to use disease resistant cultivars and sterilize
the soil before farming. Following a proper crop rotation schedule is also recommended. Care
should be taken while watering the plants such that the leaves and flowers don’t get wet.
Watering should be done only to the roots so as to avoid contamination and spread of fungal
diseases. Extremely severe diseases should be treated with recommended chemicals.
Pest management should be done by using proper bio-pesticides. Neem based pesticides like
the neem cake, neem seed kernel extract; neem leaf extract, neem oil etc. are all forms of bio-
pesticides. The tomato plants have a threat from pests like fruit borer, whiteflies, leaf miner
and root-knot nematodes.
In our case we are suffer from fusarium wilt, white fly only
We are providing profile Latic spray in weekly interval when spray nearby crop is infested.

Insect and Pest Management practices:

S. Name of Date of No. of Treated with Remark

N Insect appear and infestation
Pest/disorder spray
1 White fly 2079/06/31 All plants Imidacloprid Partial
control

9
 2 Cut worm 2079/06/17 Chlorpyrifos
+cypermethrin
3 Prophylactic 2079/06/31 Methyaldoncap
spray
4 Fusarium wilt 2079/07/03 5plants Hexaconazole Control
5 White fly 2079/07/10 All plants Acetamiprid Fully
control
6 Tip curling of 2079/07/25 All plants soil compactness
7 Prophylactic 2079/08/13 Streptomycin
spray and tetracycline

Cultural practice:
Weed management is very important during tomato farming because they consume nutrients
from the soil and also harbor insects and diseases, which destroy the crops in the long run.
Diverse crop rotation with crop cover is very beneficial for tomato crop farming. The weed
seeds and other propagules should be removed from the land during preparation. The first
four or five weeks of planting needs scheduled weed management because this is considered
to be the major growth period of the tomato plants.
Tomato plants need support during the initial growth period. Stalking and trellising is done
to keep the plants erect. Small bamboo sticks are placed along the plant and tied with string
or wire. Doing so helps the plants to stand still such that the fruits do not expose to soil and
water.
Harvesting and yield:
Tomato fruits can be harvested in different stages depending on their levels of maturity. The
first harvest is obtained after 75 to 90 days of planting. The different stages of harvest are:
green stage (generally harvested for long distance transportation); pink stage (local market
varieties are harvested at this stage); maturity stage (these are also for the immediate sale in
the local markets) and the full maturity stage (it is generally used for making other products
like sauce, soups etc.)
And our plant is in fruiting stage right now.

Tools Used:

S. Activities performed Done By Remarks

N
1 Manure application, tillage and⚫ Measuring tape, peg and mulching

10
 flatbed preparation film

2 Trellising/Training ◆ Fibber rope, clip, bamboo,

◆ G.I wire
3 Pruning ⚫ Secateurs and pinching
4 Sprayer ⚫ Manual and battery-operated
knapsack sprayer
5 Irrigation ⚫ Watering cane, garden pipe
6 Manure transportation ⚫ Shack, Wheelbarrow, shovel

Some of the major activity during tomato cultivation are:

S. Name of activities Date Remarks
N
1 Seed sowing 2079/05/25 300 seeds
2 Removing bitter gourd vine 2079/06/10 Previous crops
3 Tillage 06/12
4 Tunnel maintenance 06/13
5 Adding FYM, tillage 06/14 @2-
2.5kg/square
meter
6 Bed preparation with mulching 06/16 1meter*13.5m
7 Transplanting seedlings 06/28
8 Installing bamboo, GI wire for trellising 06/29
9 Fertigation 07/29 NPK
10 Adding extra soil 07/08 Root is exposed
due to direct
feeding of water
11 Drenching fertilizer 08/03 Calcium and
boron
12
Major learning from tomato cultivation:
• We should keep at least 2 suckers for backup tip incident of accidently damage main
one
• Mulching with plastic mulch should be done if there is drip irrigation
• Drip irrigation is necessary in tomato for better yield in the condition of our red soil
and supply nutrients during cultivation
• We need to mix 1:1 ratio of sand and FYM in tunnel in context of our soil condition
• Hanging plant with string is called trellising
• Acetamiprid is the best insecticides for whitefly

11
 • We need to manage inputs in the right time for crops better yield
• Intercrop only when there are enough nutrients management
• Tomato bear fruit after 8th leaf

Sponge gourd cultivation

Sponge gourd
Scientific name: luffa aegyptiaca
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Variety: New Narayani F1
Spacing:2*2m
Date of seed sowing:2079/06/06
Date of germination:2079/06/10
Date of transplant:2079/06/30
Plant population:21 seedlings
Frist flowering:2079/07/22 female and 2079/07/12 male flower
Area of cultivation:90 square meter poly tunnel

Introduction:
Sponge gourd is a one of the popular vegetables similar to ridge gourd. The only difference
is sponge gourd has smooth surface. Sponge gourd belongs to the family of “Cucurbitaceae”
and genus of “Luffa”. An annual species of vine cultivated for fruit. which is native to south
and southeast Asia. commonly grown for vegetable purpose and Have 3 lobed leaves and
have marketable fruit size of 25-30cm.it also grown for fibrous sponge (xylem) which is use
to make bath sponge. Which is semi coarse texture So, it is name as sponge gourd, dishrag
gourd. This vegetable contains vitamin “A” and “C”. Fully ripe sponge gourds have high
volume of fibrous which is being used as cleansing agent (utensils) and making shoe-soles,
table mats.
Climate Required for Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Sponge gourd can be grown from tropical to subtropical climatic conditions, they thrive best
in warm and humid conditions. Cool weather or low temperatures and frost conditions are not
suitable for its growth.
Soil Requirement for Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Sponge gourd can be grown on wide range of soils. However, it grows best in well-drained
loamy soils with the pH value of 6.5 to 7.0 or neutral to slightly alkaline soil.

12
Land Preparation in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Bring the soil to the fine tilth stage and weed free by giving couple of ploughing.
Supplementing the soil with well rotten farm yard manure (FMY) will result in good yield
and quality. Add an about 20 tons of farm yard manure per 1 hectare land. And we add less
then requirement during preparation because of unavailability of required amount
Propagation in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Propagation of sponge gourd is done through seeds. We prepare seedling in nursery in pro
tray for healthy seedling.
Manures and Fertilizers in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Add the farm yard manure of 20 tones while preparing the land and in-organic fertilizers of
N:P:K in the ratio of 25:35:30 kg/ha land. It is recommended to apply 30 kg /ha ‘N’ at
flowering stage. But we cannot maintain according to requirement but try our best.
Irrigation in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Generally, irrigation should be given based on soil type and weather conditions. In long dry
weather conditions, irrigation should be carried twice a week or according to soil condition.
However, in extreme hot areas, mulching can be practiced to prevent the water loss or control
the weeds.
Inter cultural operations:
We performed the trellising for vertical growing of the crops and add horizontal string for
growing and spreading the crops for fruiting. We also performed intercropping of pakchoe
and chines cabbage in between row of sponge gourd. And get good yield.
Harvesting in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Sponge gourd vegetable should be harvested in tender stage without any delay. Proper
handling should be done for the better-quality market.
Yield in Sponge Gourd Cultivation:
Yield always depends on the cultivation practices and the variety.
Tools used:

S. Activities performed Done By Remarks

N

1 Manure application, tillage and⚫ Measuring tape, peg and mulching

13
 flatbed preparation film

2 Trellising/Training ◆ Fibber rope, clip, bamboo,

◆ G.I wire

3 Pruning ⚫ Secateurs and pinching

4 Sprayer ⚫ Manual and battery-operated

knapsack sprayer

5 Irrigation ⚫ Watering cane, garden pipe

6 Manure transportation ⚫ Shack, Wheelbarrow, shovel

Disease and pest management:

S. Name of Insect Date of No. of Treated Remark

N Pest/disorder appear and infestation with
spray

1 White fly 2079/06/31 All plants Imidacloprid Partial

control

2 White fly 2079/07/10 All plants Acetamiprid fully

control

3 Mosaic 2079/08/13 3 plants Streptomycin

and
tetracycline

Some of the major activity during sponge gourd cultivation are:

S. Name of activities Date Remarks

N

1 Seed sowing in nursery 2079/06/06 35 seeds

2 Removing sponge gourd vine 2079/06/11 Previous crops

3 Tillage 2079/06/13

4 Tunnel maintenance 2079/06/25

5 Adding FYM, tillage adding pre moisture in 2079/06/29-30 @5kg/pit

14
 soil

6 Pit and field preparation for intercropping 2079/06/30

7 Transplanting seedlings and intercropping 2079/06/30 Intercropping

chines cabbage
and pakchoe

8 Installing GI wire and fibre wire for 2079/07/14

trellising

9 Fertigation 2079/07/29 NPK

11 Drenching fertilizer 2079/08/03 Calcium and

boron

12 Frist harvest 2079/08/21 2 kg around

Major learning from sponge gourd:

• We found good growth of vine till now in off season cultivation

Zucchini /summer squash cultivation

Squash/zucchini
Scientific name: Cucurbita maxima
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Variety: Anna303 (cylindrical frit) and Urvashi (Round fruit)
Spacing:110*60 cm
Date of seed sowing:2079/06/04
Date of germination:2079/06/08
Date of transplant:2079/06/24
Plant population:120 seedlings
Frist flowering: 2079/07/10 female flower 2079/07/22 male flower

Introduction
Squash is a warm-season crop typically planted in late spring or early summer. The soil
should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. Squash can be grown in different soil types,
but sandy loam soils are ideal. The pH should be 6.0 to 7.0.
When growing Squash commercially, selecting a site with full sun and well-drained soil is
essential. The soil should also be amended with organic matter such as compost or manure to

15
help improve drainage and fertility. Squash can be grown in both the wet season and dry
season. It has been reported that the environment can have a marked influence on the growth
and quality of the fruit.
Soil requirement
The soil quality is a major factor in determining whether or not Squash will grow well. Squash
requires well-drained, nutrient-rich soil to thrive. If the soil is too heavy or too sandy, it can
impede the growth of Squash plants. The pH should be 6.0 to 7.0. The optimum monthly
average temperature for excellent growth is from about 18°C to 27°C. Likewise, warm
temperature and low relative humidity favor good fruit-setting growth and quality of the fruit.
Plants are generally killed by one hour or more of frost (temperature below 0°C). Therefore,
plant in the field when soil temperatures are high enough for good germination and all chances
of frost have passed. For early summer squash production, plastic mulch and row covers will
raise soil temperatures and provide some frost protection.
Land preparation
2 -3 tillage is done for good tilth and we dig furrow for adding FYM and mix and prepare bed
cover with mulch
Fertilizer requirement
Squash plants are relatively heavy feeders and require soil with a high nutrient content to
produce a bountiful crop. A soil test can help you determine the specific fertilizer
requirements of your Squash plants. Common fertilizer used for Squash plants include
compost. manure, and synthetic fertilizers. It is essential to distribute the fertilizer around the
base of the plant evenly and not damage the plant roots. Fertilize Squash plants every two
weeks during the growing season for the best results.
Water requirement
Generally, irrigation should be given based on soil type and weather conditions. In long dry
weather conditions, irrigation should be carried twice a week or according to soil condition.
However, in extreme hot areas, mulching can be practiced to prevent the water loss or control
the weeds.
Cultural operation
Preparation of low height tunnel with the help of bamboo and string wire and prepare frame
for covering squash bed. And cover with crop cover (it is the fiber cloth that protect plant
from frost, dew etc.)
Insect pest and disease

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 S. Name of Date of No. of Treated with Remarks
N Insect appear and infestation
Pest/disorder spray

1 Prophylactic 2079/06/031
spray

2 White fly and 2079/07/09 All plants Imidacloprid Control

jessed for 3-4
days

3 Mosaic virus 2079/07/16 Half of the

population

4 White fly 2079/07/18 All plant Acetamiprid Fully

control

5 Powdery 2079/07/25 15 plants Hexaconazole Fully

mildew control

Major learning from squash

• Can be cultivate and earn good money in offseason
• Competition with pumpkin in market at this time
• Higher infestation of white fly, powdery mildew
• Learn technique of installation, important and character of the crop cover
• Hand pollination skill

Watermelon cultivation
Watermelon
Scientific name: Citrullus lanatus
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Variety: Royal king SB-149
Date of seed sowing:2079/04/10
Date of transplant:2079/05/16(seedling is quite old)
Plant population: Transplanted 41 seedlings (performed thinning out) remain 20 plants only
Frist flowering: 2079/05/25

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Introduction
Watermelon is a member of the much larger Cucurbitaceae family of plants, a group
that includes mostly fruiting vegetables, including Cucumbers, Squash, and Pumpkins.
Watermelon is a broad, prostate-vining plant with a hairy, coarse texture with large, lobed
leaves. They bloom with yellow flowers from mid to late summer. Delicious edible fruits.

Soil and light requirement

The Watermelon plant needs full sunlight to thrive. It can tolerate some partial shade,
especially in hot weather, but sunlight is essential for the growth of sugar in melons.
Excessive shading conditions will reduce the size and number of fruits. From light acidic to
neutral soil, pH is 6.0 to 6.8. It is advisable to replace the soil with plenty of organic matter
before planting, as these are heavy nutrients.
Irrigation management
Watermelons need to be watered regularly when they are first transplanted. Once they begin
to bear fruit, you can rest on the water unless it is particularly dry. Their roots are deep, and
they can withstand short dry periods. If too much water is given, they will lose their
sweetness. Water plays an essential role in keeping Watermelon vines healthy and delicious
fruits. Watermelon vines are most susceptible to drought, from planting to fruiting.
Watermelon should not be stressed for watering after the plants have borne fruit. Inadequate
irrigation will result in a smaller size of a melon and more rot at the end of
flowering. Excessive irrigation after water pressure on melons can result in fruit breakage.

Fertilizer requirement
Watermelon plants are heavy feeders. Soil is well-modified with organic matter before
starting planting. If soil is deficient in organic matter, apply organic fertilizer at the season
beginning. To maintain the Watermelon growth, side dress with a layer of fertilizer in the
middle of the season.
If you use chemical fertilizers for crop growth, apply a fertilizer with more nitrogen than
phosphorus and potassium, as it will promote vine growth. But after flowering begins,
fertilize the plant a second time with a low nitrogen fertilizer that encourages fruit and flower
growth.

18
Disease and pest
We did not find any disease during cultivation but it is susceptible to many fungal diseases
like downy mildew, powdery mildew etc. we come with only one problem of red spider mite.
which identify late stage but also control with spraying imidacloprid insecticides we are
practice in tunnel.
Cultural practices and major activates

S. Name of activities Date Remarks

N

1 Seed sowing in nursery 2079/04/10

2 Pit digging and adding FYM 2079/05/16

3 Transplanting 2079/05/16 20seedlings

4 Trellising 2079/05/31

5 Hand pollination 2079/06/03

6 Found pollination successful 2079/06/06

7 Installing sad net 2079/06/16 For avoiding heat stress

but later understand
that is cause by lack of
respiration in root zone

8 Fertigation 2079/06/17 NPK19:19:19

9 Frist harvest 2079/07arou Only fruit 10-12 fruit

d 15

10 Remove vine 2079/07/30 Not sating fruit after

pollination
Major learning from watermelon cultivation
• This is the perfect variety for market at weight of 1-3 kg found
• Very sweet in test love by every member of collage and friend (finish only in tasting)
• Can earn good money by farming at this season
• Found control place is better than open field (we practiced in both out field and tunnel)
• Area with red and compact soil should mix with sand for cultivation

19
 Cucumber cultivation
Cucumber
Scientific name: Cucumis sativa
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Variety: Korean
Date of seed sowing:2079/05/23
Date of transplant:2079/06/06
Plant population:130new+(90 seedlings already transplant which is previous batch)
Frist flowering: 2079/06/21
Cucumbers are a rich source of proteins and vitamins that are essential for the human diet.
India is the origin place for cucumber. It is a climbing plant that is mostly cultivated for
summer vegetables. They are a rich source of water that contains about 90 to 96% of water.
They are the rich source of Mb and vitamin K among other nutrients and minerals. Cucumbers
are mostly cultivated for dual purposes i.e., cumber as a vegetable and as a salad. In addition,
cucumbers are used in curing various skin diseases and other heart and kidney diseases.
Soil and climate requiremnet
The Cucumber can be grown in several types of loose soil as long as it is well-drained and
with sufficient organic matters. Cucumber is a moderately salt-tolerant plant (somewhat less
than the melon plant). If the concentration of salts in the soil is too high, Cucumber plants
absorb with difficulty the irrigation water, the growth is slower, the stem is weaker, the leaves
are smaller and darker in color and the fruits are twisted. If the salt concentration is too low,
the effect will be reversed, giving more leafy plants, which are more sensitive to various
diseases.
It is preferable to maintain the temperature above 14°C in the winter season. Temperatures
over 40°C or less than 14°Care unfavorable to Cucumber production. The absolute minimum
temperature range is 5°C. Relative humidity for polyhouse 85% is optimum. Use a
hygrometer to verify the relative humidity. High humidity increase leaf diseases such as
botrytis and powdery mildew, and the plants can be too busy. Ventilation may be adjusting
the vents to maintain optimum temperatures and humidity, especially in the afternoon. This
will decrease diseases such as botrytis and increase the uptake of nutrients. Do not over-
ventilate as this can reduce the relative humidity to a low level. This can reduce yields and
fruit could have gummy ends.

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Land preparation
For Cucumber plantation, it requires a well-arranged and weed-free field. To bring soil to a
fine tilth,2-3 ploughings should be done before planting. In 1-acre cucumber farming, we
have to apply or give 40 kg N, 40 kg P, and 20 kg K Farm Yard Manure such as cow dung is
mixed with soil to enrich the field. Then beds are prepared.
Irrigation requirement
Cucumber requires frequent irrigation and in the rainy season, it does require some irrigation.
In total it requires 10 to 12 irrigations. Pre-irrigation is necessary before sowing then
subsequent irrigation is required after 2-3 days of sowing. After the second sowing, the
Cucumber crops are then irrigated at the interval of 4-5 days. Drip irrigation is very useful
for this Cucumber crop.
Intercultural operation
Trellising and tying the plants is a must to keep them in an upright position. It will improve
general air circulation and will make it easier to take advantage of the sunlight and to
undertake all of the care necessary with relation to Cucumber crop production (pruning,
harvesting, etc.). This will benefit the final production, fruit quality, and control. We also
intercrop radish (chalis dine) in between bed which show good yield.
Disease and pest management
As cucumber is prone to various diseases, insect pests, and nematodes, we have to go for
cucumber seed treatment with pesticides thiram to control fungal diseases and 5% or 5 gm
Trichoderma or pseudomonas as a bio seed treatment.

S Name of Date of No. of Treated with Remark

. Insect appear and infestatio
N Pest/dis spray n
order

1 White fly 2079/06/07 All plant Imidacloprid Control

for 2-
3days

2 Powdery 2079/06/07 10 plants Methyaldoncap Fully

mildew control
for some
week

21
 3 Fusariu Seen since 5 plants Copper oxy chloride Not
m wilt 2079/06/06 (COC) found
Previous batch satisfyin
only and g result
identify
2079/06/10

4 Fusariu 2079/06/16 10 plants Dimethomorph

m wilt

5 Powdery 2079/06/19 20plants Methyaldoncap Fully

mildew control
for a
week

6 White fly 2079/06/26 All plants Chloropyrifos+cypermethr Control

in for a
week

7 Powdery 2079/06/31 All plants Hexaconazole Control

mildew for more
than 3
weeks

8 Red 2079/07/25 All plants Acetamiprid Fully

spider control
mite

Some of the major activity during sponge gourd cultivation are:

S. Name of activities Date Remarks

N

Seed sowing 2079/05/23 35 seeds

Transplanting 2079/06/06

Field preparation for intercropping 2079/06/07

Installing GI wire and fibre wire for 2079/06/20

trellising

Fertigation 2079/06/24 NPK

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 Frist harvest 2079/07/14 2 kg around

Removing cucumber vine 2079/07/25 Flowering but

not sating fruit

Major learning from cucumber cultivation

• Hexaconazole is effective for powdery mildew
• Hexaconazole is also hormone for cucumber which short internode
• Found this time market demand of cucumber is high
• Learn about fusarium wilt

Other cultivation
We performed other cultivation in the outfield. In the margin land which is un use
and little are used. We plant green pea(charvi-10variety) which is sowing good growth.
Pakchoe intercrop in the in-between pea row which is ready to harvest but not harvest yet. we
also plant beetroot in 3 bed which is also good but not satisfying because of the hard soil it is
not sowing satisfying growth. We plant okra (self-produce seed of arka Anamika variety)
which also not sowing good result in winter. We also plant Chinese cabbage as intercrop in
sponge gourd which is sowing good growth but we mistakenly planted closely so growth is
affected. And also, broad beans and it is now in flowering stage.

Ornamental and horticulture nursery

A plant nursery is an establishment that raises, propagates, multiplies, and sells
seedlings, saplings, and other planting materials for planting. It is imperative to give the
young seedlings special attention in the first few weeks after germination.
We are running collage nursery from the time of second year so, we continue it. We are
aiming to grow collage nursery so we are collecting the plant from different area of district.
Where we can to reach during collage holyday. For growing ornamental nursery. We are also
running horticulture nursery. Where we grow all the seedlings of vegetable which is needed
in the field. We also sell the seedlings to nearby community.

23
 We performed nursery operation such as potting soil preparation at the ratio of 1:1:1 of sand,
soil and compost, filling in pot, transplanting propagated sapling and seedling, propagating,
managing in nursery, watering, training pruning, fertigation etc.
Where as main activities are
1. Propagation
We performed water rooting of ixora cutting and succussed and get know that rooting is success
in newly grow branch which may be some months old. It takes a month to form root. We also
try to water rooting of junipers, Christmas tree, Crotone and creep myrtle (aashre ful) but failed
in the rooting.
2. Turfing of zoysia japonica (chines dubo)
we performed propagation of this shrub by turfing method. Whereas we performed in two spot
one is in the ground and another one in the cemented TT bord and this is sowing satisfying
result rather than ground because it is in little open area than ground. We found that this var of
turf is suitable for sunny area and where there is less movement place.
3. Potting plants
We performed potting of mature propagated plants in the nursery. For the potting soil we
prepare 1:1:1 ratio of sand clay and FYM and mix it well and fill the pot up to 1 inch below
the top which is for the water. And transplant sapling and manage in the nursery. We transplant
more than 50 different types of plant.
4. Transferring success air layering of guava and litchi in the poly bag
We are air layering the guava land litchi before WEP program which is around Bhadra months.
So, we performed this task during WEP time. We found half of the air layered is success mainly
in the litchi, guava and found failed in mango, jack fruit, clustered apple, moringa.

5. Preparation of hot bed

During winter season now, we are getting hard to germinate vegetables seedlings, and we are
prepared hot bed for germinating the vegetables seed. It is greatly helping using germination
process. At first, we are facing problem of high humidity and temperature causing burning and
fungal development in seedling causing serious damage to seedlings. Where we are getting
experience to familiar with it.
6. Pruning of the potted plant

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we get knowledge on training and pruning of the potted plant which grow in pot and manage
shape and size according to pot size. So, we are pruning it with newly learn skill to prune plant
and we are waiting for its growing pattern and result. And get know that pruning should be
done by minding its growing nature of plant, active bud, shape that we required.

We face many difficulties like, over watering, dryness in media, cold stress, burning, fungal
attack, insect attack, faulty media prepared media, nutrient deficiency, lack of germination of
seed, rotting seed etc. and learn many experience knowledge through it.

Exposure
1. During WEP time we get chance to visit exhibition of 15th chrysanthemum expo
in Kathmandu
We gate chance to visit in this expo. We would like to thanks or coordinator to providing this
opportunity. From this visit we get too fresh our mind, learn about training pruning technique,
we get to see different management of ornamental plants, scope of ornamental nursery, overall,
this visit influence us to working in horticulture field.
2. We also get chance to broiler rearing project
During WEP program time we get chance to participate in veterinary program with
collaborating with veterinary WEP member. And get experience of broiler rearing. Where we
get piratical experience of it. Before we have only theoretical knowledge. We also get chance
to earn some money from it.
Activates performed knowledge get to know in broiler rearing
1. Maintain 2-3 inch of rice husk for maintain temperature and layer with newspaper for
a week
2. Provide intensive care up to a week
3. Maintain 95°for a week and lower every week at the rate of 5°F
4. Provide vaccination in time every last four week followed by F/lasota strain for rani
khet, gorgia strain for Gambaro, booster F Strain and last one booster G strain
5. Provide enough feed from days 25 for optimum growth
6. Provide treatment in time and vitamins and minerals too
7. Maintain proper ventilation and moisture of the husk
8. Market in time
3. Volunteer work in the nearly community jungle for tagging newly planted plant

25
We performed the volunteer work for tagging the plant in the nearby community jungle with
its species, its plant population individually. We are motive and concern for environment
protection after this activates. We tag the plant of mango, neem, macadamia, fadil, lime,
avocado, jack fruit, Chiuri, Ritha etc.

4. Installation of weather station

In past it has been a big challenge to have an accurate weather prediction for an agriculture
farm. The destructive rains, floods, acute temperature and winds have caused widespread
losses in agriculture. The weather predictions of Metrological department have not been very
accurate always. That is why the farmers have had to bear the losses ultimately. Nowadays,
the weather stations at a farm level are becoming an efficient tool to monitor the daily
fluctuations in the weather. A variety of weather stations are available according to the
number of parameters to be measured, work precision and range. Some of the parameters that
weather stations measure include:
• Rainfall
• Temperature
• Relative humidity
• Wind velocity and direction
• Solar radiation

All of these weather

components can be used for
specific field operations
such as irrigation
scheduling, finding out right
time for fertilizer or spray
application, sowing and
harvesting of the crop. The weather stations
have helped to take the precautionary
measures against the destructive rains,
winds, severe high or low temperature,
diseases and pests. The use of weather
stations helps to cope with the frost and high

26
temperature in summer. The weather stations equipped with multiple disease and insect
models and sensors, send an alert to mobile phone before the occurrence of disease or pest
attack. The modern weather stations can be equipped with a variety of sensors and models
(Insect and disease) as much as someone wants.
You can access our weather data online from anywhere, any time in online in mobile, PC
from this link: https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/IMANTH5
You can also get information of weather from this site:
https://www.accuweather.com/en/np/national/weather-radar

Problem and difficulties

some of the problem and difficulties occurred during WEP times are
• Due to festival and election time organization is closed so, it is hard to maintain real
time contact and brought unavailable required martials in field. Due to which our some
of the project is not gives us good result
• During WEP time there is no stock of input martials like seed, fertilizer, FYM,
pesticides which delay our project
• Available inputs are also compound Ex NPK having 19:19:19 is cannot use in tomato
when it need only P or K
• Improper knowledge and skill lead some difficulties in our project
• We cannot complete and gain full knowledge of all the project which we start during
WEP time
• New insect, disease and disorder so it is hard to understand it in the time
• Unavailability of the exactly required martials
• It is hard to run nursery due to climate condition

“We are fully satisfied with problem and difficulties which do not affect us because there
we get and found major learning more knowledge and experience than the success one”

27
Attempted solution for problem
• We are recommending required martials to bring in the collage after experience
• We learn the many knowledge from the internet source about that problem and solution
• We also get better way of working same things with modern way instead of traditional
one after learning from internet
• Preparation of hot bed for the germination of the seed
• We learn from mistake and improve us

Conclusion
Our WEP team members are thankful towards Ramechhap Polytechnic Institute
for providing opportunity of learning different skills, experience and gaining knowledge from
different projects during our learning and WEP days. We would also like to thank our
instructors and friends for their support while performing different activities during our WEP
days.
We are able to do field work in agriculture seasonal and offseason production and produce
marketing sector. We also learn to apply theoretical knowledge in to practically which we
learn. Able to make my confidence strong to perform the agriculture work
Now we get experience in the cultivation of horticulture and agronomical specific crops. So,
we are able to do work in the real field.

Recommendation and suggestion

1. Lerner
Learning by doing is the best way of collecting experience to survive and
competition in the real world. Theoretical knowledge without practical experience is nearly
useless.so we would suggest beloved junior friend mainly focus in the technical knowledge
base on practical field because of the current situation of country and world which need

28
technical and skillful people rather than higher GPA and grade certificate. Yeah, it defiantly
adds important but less than skill that you own.
2. WEP doer institute/institute
Ramechhap polytechnic institute is the model institute in the country over short time period
of its opening with its valuable and model project which is performed. Its working model and
its management strategy is influenceable. There is no more topics to suggest but we feel there
is some problem be like
• we don’t have basic input in agriculture like compost, seed, pesticides, tools and other
etc. In time (in some case failure of the entire project)
• Not all the batch is gating practical knowledge about those part which is under
construction. So, we would like to suggest to complete those projects quick as soon as
possible (which makes upcoming friends to learn more knowledge.)
• We also suggest to have stock inputs which have long self-life in collage store.
• Introduce us with the tools and implement which is feasible in context of our field,
terrain condition.
• Introduce with us with new technology which is already commercialize in other country
which have high potential

29
Photo gallery
Tomato cultivation

30
Cucumber cultivation

31
Sponge gourd cultivation

32
Summer squash cultivation

33
Watermelon cultivation

34
35
Other cultivation

36
Nursery activates

37
38
39
40
41
Broiler rearing

42
Others

43
 vv

44
45
-The end -

46