LEARNING OUTCOME

1. Enumerate the different classifications of vibration

2. Examine the difference of the vibration classifications
3. Discuss the degrees-of-freedom of vibrating systems
4. Solve degrees-of-freedom of vibrating system
5. Discuss the importance of measuring vibration through forces and signals and their types
6. Relate the measuring vibration in the actual scenario of engineering

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION
1. Free Vibration
When a system is left to vibrate on it’s own there’s an initial disturbance. No external force acts on the system.
Example:
The oscillation of a simple pendulum.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION
1. Forced Vibration
When a system is subjected to an external forced, (often, a repeating type of forced).
Example:
The oscillation that arises in machines such as diesel engines

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION
1. Forced Vibration
When a system is subjected to an external forced, (often, a repeating type of forced).
Example:
The oscillation that arises in machines such as diesel engines

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION
If the frequency of the external force coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the system, a condition
known as resonance occurs, and the system undergoes dangerously large oscillations.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION

1.Undamped Vibration – If no energy is lost or dissipated in friction

or other resistance during oscillation

2.Damped Vibration – If energy is lost in friction or other resistance

during oscillation.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION

1.Linear Vibration – When all the basic components of a vibratory

system—the spring, the mass, and the damper behave linearly

2.Nonlinear Vibration – When all the basic components of a

vibratory system behave nonlinearly

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION

1.Deterministic Vibration– If the value or magnitude of the

excitation (force or motion) acting on a vibratory system is known
at any given time.
2.Random Vibration– If the value of the excitation at a given time
cannot be predicted.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VIBRATION

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DEGREES OF FREEDOM
The minmum number of independent coordinates required to determine completely the positions of all parts of a system at
any instant of time.
Example:
1. The simple pendulum shown in Fig 1.10 and the system in Fig 1.11 represents a single-degree-of-freedom system.

Where l = the constant length of

the pendulum. Thus any one
coordinate can be describe the
motion of the pendulum.

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DEGREES OF FREEDOM
The minmum number of independent coordinates required to determine completely the positions of all parts of a system at
any instant of time.
Example:
1. The simple pendulum shown in Fig 1.10 and the system in Fig 1.11 represents a single-degree-of-freedom system.

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DEGREES OF FREEDOM

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DEGREES OF FREEDOM

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RELATION OF VIBRATION TO FORCES AND
SIGNALS
Force
- a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
F=Mxg

Signals
- a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon.

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RELATION OF VIBRATION TO FORCES AND
SIGNALS

Force Triggers Vibration Signal (Detected) Control Measures

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1. A reciprocating engine is mounted on a foundation as shown. The unbalanced forces and moments
developed in the engine are transmitted to the frame and the foundation. An elastic pad is placed
between the engine and the foundation block to reduce the transmission of vibration. Develop two
mathematical models of the system using a gradual refinement of the modeling process.

2. An automobile moving over a rough road can be modeled considering (a) weight of the car body,
passengers, seats, front wheels, and rear wheels; (b) elasticity of tires (suspension), main springs, and
seats; and (c) damping of the seats, shock absorbers, and tires. Develop three mathematical models of
the system using a gradual refinement in the modeling process.