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Definitions, Dimensions, and Indirect - flows from tourism to

Determinants of Tourism Impacts the receiver of the impact through


intervening persons, agencies,
Impact - a change in a given state over industries.
time as the result of an external
stimulus. external stimulus is referred to (salaries paid by a hotel to
as tourism. influence, effect, outcome, employee = direct economic
result, consequence, aftermath, upshot, impact; income earned by taxi
product drivers servicing hotel employees
= indirect impact)
Tourism Impact - effect brought about
directly or indirectly by tourism policies,
tourism-related establishments and
infrastructure, and tourist behavior. Tourism impacts may also be
seen in terms of its temporal
dimension
Scope of Tourism Impact
1. Economic a. Cumulative Impact: caused
2. Environmental by tourism development over
3. Social time.
4. Cultural b. Immediate Impact: caused by
5. Political a single event, and could happen
________________________________ within a short period of time.
c. Longterm Impact:
Type of impact may be categorized in experienced by the affected
many ways sectors for years or even
a. Actual (objective) - backed up generations to come.
data; increased population, d. Tourism-induced impacts
number of jobs - Reversible impact: can be
Perceived (subjective) - corrected immediately over a
opinions of somebody concerning short period of time.
the effects of tourism. How - Irreversible impact: one that
people perceive tourism impacts requires a long period of time to
will be influenced by their social recover.
status, world view, educational
attainment
Tourism impacts can be classified
b. Quantitative - can be measured according to the source
and expressed in numerical form.
Qualitative - are impacts that can a. Point source: site specific,
only be observed and described. tangible, finite lifespans (airport,
hotel, attraction)
c. Direct - immediate and flows b. non-point source: mobile,
from tourism to the receiver of intangible, indefinite lifespan
impact without intervening
persons, agencies, or industries.
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
10 A’s 16. Peace, Justice and Strong
1. Access Institutions
2. Accommodations 17. Partnerships for the Goals
3. Attractions
4. Amenities Impacts on the environment
5. Activities Positive
6. Atmosphere - Environmental Quality
7. Attitude - Infrastructure Movement
8. Administration - Specie Regeneration
9. Assistance Negative
10. Awareness - Land Degradation
- Wastes
Determinants of Tourism Impacts - Pollution
1. Level of development - Climate Change
2. Strength of the economy - Water Stress
3. Stakeholder power - Habitat Fragmentation
4. Tourism Policy - Animal Species Extinction
5. Investment Incentive Criteria and - Physical damage to coral reefs
Weights - Beach encroaching and crowding
6. Tourism Volume, Density or Ratio Impacts on the Economy
7. Concentration or Dispersal of Tourist Positive
Zones - Job Creation
8. Tourist Markets Served - Livelihood Generation
9. Technology - Hometown’s share of income
10. Capacity - Taxes and fee
Negative
17 Sustainable Development Goals - Leakage
1. No Poverty - Poor Quality of Jobs
2. Zero Hunger - Price Increase
3. Good Health and Well-Being - Overdependence
4. Quality Education - Opportunity Cost
5. Gender Equality Impacts on the Culture
6. Clean Water and Sanitation Positive
7. Affordable and Clean Energy - Emotional well-being of residents
8. Decent Work and Economic - Cultural preservation
Growth - Education
9. Industry, Innovation and - Better quality life
Infrastructure - Empowerment
10. Record Inequalities Negative
11. Sustainable Cities and - Stunted Cultural Development
Communities - Commodification of Culture
12. Responsible Consumption and - Moral Decadence
Production - Displacement
13. Climate Action - Community Stress
- Dependence

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