1.

The Philippine Elementary School Curriculum gives greater emphasis on the

development of basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic. What is the
philosophical basis for this?

A. Pragmatism
B. Perennialism
C. Essentialism
D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Essentialism. Essentialism - is an educational theory

rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing
the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

2. Teacher H asks one of her students, “What do you want to become when you
grow up?” This question is an indication of what kind of philosophy?

A. Progressivism
B. Naturalism
C. Existentialism
D. Idealism

RATIONALIZATION: D - Idealism. Idealism is the answer because it stresses the

existence of ideas independent from the material world. Ideas that which exist in the
mind are the only reality.

3. Teacher X has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but
also imparted this to her students. This demonstrates what kind of philosophy?

A. Naturalism
B. Idealism
C. Realism
D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION: C - Realism. Realism concerns with what is real, actual.

For ideas to be realized, they must be transferred or demonstrated.

4. In his class, Teacher M always presents principles and values so as to

encourage his students to examine them and decide for themselves whether to
accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice?

A. Idealism
B. Essentialism
C. Humanism
D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: D - Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that

emphasizes subjectivity, freedom and responsibility.

5. When a teacher emphasizes that man’s sense should be trusted because they
are the only way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as____.

A. Naturalist
B. Realist
C. Empiricist
D. Pragmatist

RATIONALIZATION: C -Empiricism. Empiricism upholds that the only source of

knowledge is the senses and sense-based experience.

6. Teacher K views her pupils as unique, free choosing, and responsible

individuals. She plans activities where the pupil can develop his unique
personality. What theory underlies this nature of the pupil?

A. Realism
B. Essentialism
C. Existentialism
D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of

subjectivity of self hood whose fundamental doctrine proclaims man’s freedom in the
accomplishment of his destiny. In this case, emphasis is given on the students rather
than on the curriculum content.

7. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning", this is a statement from

____.

A. Constructivist
B. Reconstructivist
C. Progressivist
D. Empiricist
RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivist. As defined, Constructivism is a
philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of the human
conceptions. It is the individual that construct reality by reflecting on his own
experience and gives meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting on
our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in.
Therefore, learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental modes to
accommodate new experiences.

8. Teacher U teaches to his pupils that pleasure is not the highest good. Teacher's
teaching is against what philosophy?

A. Realism
B. Hedonism
C. Epicureanism
D. Empiricism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Hedonism. Epicureanism is just a form of Hedonism.

Hedonism is the general, Epicureanism is the specific. Always select the general
answer.

9. After listening to the homily of the Priest about fidelity, Catherine has a
moment of reflection. Her understanding of the value of fidelity has become
deeper as she related this to her past experience. This typifies what kind of
philosophy?

A. Constructivism
B. Reconstructivism
C. Humanism
D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivism. Constructivism is a philosophy of

learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside the human conceptions. It is
the individual who construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives
meaning to it.

10. After studying the Principle of Identity, Teacher W asks her students to
determine which among the given set of problems conforms to the said identity.
This shows that Teacher W upholds what kind of Philosophy?

A. Perennialism
B. Progressivism
C. Essentialism
D. Naturalism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of learning

by doing things.

11. Thea listened to the advice given by her sister to end the relationship that she
has with Gilbert. However, her sister learned that the advice she has given was
not followed and Thea decided to continue the relationship. This action of Thea
is a manifestation of what kind of philosophy?

A. Essentialism
B. Existentialism
C. Perennialism
D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of

subjectivity of selfhood and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his
destiny.

12. After finishing the degree in Education, Teacher M learns that learning never
stops. In fact, she accumulates more knowledge after leaving the portal of her
alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?

A. Constructivism
B. Perennialism
C. Progressivism
D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes change, growth

and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

13. Matilda is an advocate of the principle “making the most of your life”. She is
indeed an advocate of what kind of philosophy?

A. Humanism
B. Perennialism
C. Realism
D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Humanism. Humanism is a philosophy that stresses to
“live life to the fullest”.

14. Teacher X is a very dedicated teacher in the nursery. Her foremost concern is
for students to learn how to adapt themselves in the environment. This shows
that Teacher X upholds what kind of philosophy?

A. Naturalism
B. Pragmatism
C. Progressivism
D. Rationalism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Naturalism. Naturalism aims to unfold the child’s

potential, not to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position but to prepare
him to adapt to the changing times and needs.

15. Teacher J serves as an inspiration to his students because of his efficiency and
effectiveness as a teacher. The mind set of his students towards him/her is an
instance of what kind of philosophy?

A. Realism
B. Idealism
C. Nationalism
D. Constructivism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Idealism. Idealism is a philosophy which asserts that

what’s in the mind is the only reality. In this situation, the teacher inspires his/her
students through the values that he/she possessed. Values are absolute are told to
belong in realm of ideas. Hence, these are considered as ideas that exist only in the
mind.

16. John learns well through active interplay with others. His learning increases
when engaged in activities that has meaning in him. Which philosophy can
describe this?

A. Progressivism
B. Idealism
C. Realism
D. Empiricism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of hands of
learning or experiential learning. “Learning by doing”. Learning is based from the
questions of one’s experience of the world. Hence, it is the learner himself who thinks,
solves, and gives meaning through his individual experiences.

17. Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and everything in it are ever
changing and so teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which in his
governing philosophy?

A. Experimentalism
B. Existentialism
C. Idealism
D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Experimentalism. Experimentalism believes that things

are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what works right now
and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover
and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve
problems.

18. Principal C shares this thought with his teachers: "Subject matter should
help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who
accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions." From
which philosophy is this thought based? / Teacher V teaches her students to
appreciate themselves as unique individuals and are to accept the responsibility
to their feelings, actions and thoughts. She upholds the philosophy of _______.

A. Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Existentialism
D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of

subjectivity of selfhood and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his
destiny.

19. Teacher H class is engage in problem solving activity which in a way is a

reflection of the personal and social experiences. The purpose of this activity is
for the students to acquire the skills that can help them in solving their own real-
life problems. What philosophy can best describe this?
A. Realism
B. Idealism
C. Progressivism
D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes growth and

development. In this manner learning comes best when things are being experienced,
that is learning by doing things. It involves participation of the students and allows
them to exercise freedom.

20. In the Social Science class of Teacher G, students identify the various social
and economic problems that require urgent solutions. They not only discuss the
ways to address it but also agreed to participate in solving them. What kind of
philosophy does this class uphold?

A. Naturalism
B. Constructivism
C. Progressivism
D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism covers the

underlying factors that constitute reality or society. In this regard, students are
encourage to become involved in the problems whether political, social, or
economical that confront the society and be able to arrive at solutions in order to
reconstruct society.

21. A curriculum should only include those that have survived the test of time
and combine the symbols of literature, history, and mathematics. Thus,
curriculum like this contains values that are constant and universal. What
philosophy describes this kind of curriculum?

A. Idealism
B. Perennialism
C. Humanism
D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism maintains that education

involves confronting the problems and questions that have challenged people over the
centuries. Thus there is a need to study classical tradition of great books.
22. Who among the following puts more emphasis on core requirements, longer
school day, longer academic year and more challenging textbooks?

A. Perennialist
B. Essentialist
C. Progressivist
D. Existentialist

RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialist. Essentialism is an educational theory rooted

in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the
essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

23. “Education is a continuous process of experiencing and of visiting or

reorganizing experiences “according to a Progressivist. What does it mean?

A. Education begins and ends in school.

B. Education takes place anytime and anywhere.
C. Education happens formally and informally.
D. Education goes on throughout life.

RATIONALIZATION: D. Education goes on throughout life. Progressivism

connotes growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues
to evolve.

24. Mr. Cruz exemplifies an ideal teacher and son. He is competent in his field
based on the various recognitions that he received from his school. As a dutiful
son, he assumes all the responsibilities of raising his family (this includes his
parents, siblings, and their own families) – giving all their needs and wants. The
fulfilment of these is the neglect of the responsibilities to himself. This attitude of
Mr. Cruz is against what kind of philosophy?

A. Existentialism
B. Constructivism
C. Pragmatism
D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Humanism. Humanism stresses personal culture,

individual freedom, and development (the best way towards full and rich lives).

25. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the
bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting places rich
of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest
gadgets. Favoring the former action over the latter exhibits that Teacher R
follows what kind of philosophy?

A. Existentialism
B. Essentialism
C. Behaviorism
D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that gives a

person the freedom to choose. It is a philosophy of subjectivity.

26. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the
bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting places rich
of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest
gadgets. This shows that Teacher R is an advocate of what kind of philosophy?

A. Pragmatism
B. Perennialism
C. Naturalism
D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism views education as a

recurring process based on eternal truths. Good education involves a search for and
understanding of truth which can all be found in the great works of civilization.

27. Teacher X rates the art work of her students not just on the merit of its
appeal to the senses but also considers its uniqueness and the responsibility that
every student has given in accomplishing the task. This practice shows how
Teacher X upholds this kind of philosophy:

A. Realism
B. Reconstructivism
C. Idealism
D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Existentialism. Conceives philosophy as something that

is felt by an individual because it’s concrete in itself or based on what is concrete.
There is also personal involvement in this kind of philosophy.
28. In line with the philosophy of Reconstructivism, which of the following should
be given emphasis in teaching?

A. To seek a better position in the society

B. To compare oneself with the less fortunate
C. To become economically self-reliant
D. To designate one’s superiority over the others

RATIONALIZATION: C. To become economically self-reliant. Reconstructivism

aims to achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of
social problems, finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

29. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to granting of academic

distinction under DECS Order No. 65, s. 1998. This shows school community
connection reflected in activities geared towards society's needs. What
philosophy is related to this? / Activities planned by school clubs or organizations
show school-community connection geared towards society's needs. What
philosophy is related to this?

A. Realism
B. Progressivism
C. Existentialism
D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism aims to achieve

social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of social problems,
finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

30. Increase of time allotment in English, Math and Science in the Elementary
level under the New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) as provided in
DECS Order No. 1, s. 1993 contributes in the culturation of basic literacy by
providing the needed essential skills. The related philosophy is ______.

A. Realism
B. Essentialism
C. Idealism
D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialism. Essentialism is an educational theory

rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing
the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.