Sample Question Paper

Class XII Physics

(Applicable for March 2015 Examination)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of
two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section D
contains one value based question of four marks and Section E contains three questions
of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three questions of five
marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.

c = 3 X 108 m/s

h = 6.63 X 10-34 Js

e = 1.6 X 10-19 C

µo = 4𝜋 X 10-7 T m A-1

𝛆0 = 8.854 X 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

1
= 9 X 109 N m2 C-2
4𝜋ε0

me = 9.1 X 10-31 kg
 mass of neutron = 1.675 X 10-27 kg

mass of proton = 1.673 X 10-27 kg

Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole

Boltzmann constant = 1.38 X 10-23 JK-1

Section A

1. What is the value of the angle between the vectors 𝑝⃗ and 𝐸⃗⃗ for which the potential
energy of an electric dipole of dipole moment𝑝⃗, kept in an external electric field 𝐸⃗⃗ ,
has maximum value. 1
2. Name the colours corresponding to the digits 4 and 7 in the colour code scheme for
carbon resistors. 1
3. State which of the two, the capacitor or an inductor, tends to become a SHORT when
the frequency of the applied alternating voltage has a very high value. 1
4. Redraw the diagram given below and mark the position of the centre of curvature of
the spherical mirror used in the given set up. 1

5. In the given diagram C(t) stands for the carrier wave and m(t) for the signal to be
transmitted. What name do we give to the wave labeled as Cm(t) in the diagram? 1
 Section B

6. Calculate the value of the unknown potential V for the given potentiometer circuit.
The total length (400 cm) of the potentiometer wire has a resistance of 10 Ω and the
balance point is obtained at a length of 240 cm. 2

7. Name the phenomenon which proves transverse wave nature of light. Give two uses
of the devices whose functioning is based on this phenomenon. 2
OR
Name the phenomenon which is responsible for bending of light around sharp corners of
an obstacle. Under what conditions does this phenomenon take place? Give one
application of this phenomenon in everyday life.
8. The equivalent wavelength of a moving electron has the same value as that of a
photon having an energy of 6 X 10-17 J. 2

Calculate the momentum of the electron.

9. The short wavelength limit for the Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum is 913.4 Å.
Calculate the short wavelength limit for Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum. 2

10. (a) Arrange the following networks in increasing order of the number of computers
that may be present in the network:

Internet ; LAN ; WAN

(b) What is the minimum number of satellites that enables a Global Positioning System
(GPS) receiver to determine one’s longitude/latitude position, i.e., to make a 2D position
fix. 1+1=2

Section C

11. Eight identical spherical drops, each carrying a charge 1 nC are at a potential of 900
V each. All these drops combine together to form a single large drop. Calculate the
potential of this large drop. 3

(Assume no wastage of any kind and take the capacitance of a sphere of radius r as
proportional to r).

12 . The current flowing in the galvanometer G when the key k2 is kept open is I. On
closing the key k2 , the current in the galvanometer becomes I/n, where n is an integer.

Obtain an expression for resistance Rg of the galvanometer in terms of R, S and n. To

what form does this expression reduce when the value of R is very large as compared to
S? 3
13. The magnitude F of the force between two straight parallel current carrying
conductors kept at a distance d apart in air is given by 3

µ0 𝐼1 𝐼2
𝐹=
2𝛱 𝑑

Where I1 and I2 are the currents flowing through the two wires

Use this expression, and the sign convention that the:

“ Force of attraction is assigned a negative sign and Force of repulsion is assigned

a positive sign”.

Draw graphs showing dependence of F on

(i) 𝐼1 𝐼2 when d is kept constant

(ii) d when the product 𝐼1 𝐼2 is maintained at a constant positive value.

(iii) d when the product 𝐼1 𝐼2 is maintained at a constant negative value.

OR
The given graphs show the variation of intensity of magnetization I with strength
of applied magnetic field H for two magnetic materials P and Q.
(i) Identify the materials P and Q.
(ii) For material P, plot the variation of Intensity of Magnetisation with
temperature. Justify your answer.
14. Find the value of the phase lag/lead between the current and voltage in the
given series LCR circuit. Without making any other change, find the value of the
additional capacitor, such that when ‘suitably joined’ to the capacitor ( C= 2µF)
as shown, would make the power factor of this circuit unity. 3

15. Explain how one ‘observes an inconsistency’ when Ampere’s circuital law is
applied to the process of charging a capacitor.
How this ‘contradiction’ gets removed by introducing the concept of an
‘additional current’, known as the ‘displacement current’? 3

16. A point object O is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a convex lens of power

+4D towards its left. It is observed that when a convex mirror is kept on the right
side at a distance of 50 cm from the convex lens, the image of the object O
formed by the lens-mirror combination coincides with the object itself.
Calculate the focal length of the convex mirror. 3
17. The arrangement used by Thomas Young to produce an interference pattern is
shown in the given diagram.
Justify why there would be no change in the ‘fringe width’ when the main
illuminated slit (S) is shifted to the position 𝑆 ′ as shown. 3

18. A given number of atoms No of a radioactive element with a half life T is

uniformly distributed in the blood stream of a 3
(i) normal person A having total volume V of blood in the body
(ii) person B in need of blood transfusion having a volume 𝑉 ′ of blood in
the body.
The number of radioactive atoms per unit volume in the blood streams of the two
persons after a time nT are found to be N1 and N2.
Prove mathematically that the additional volume of blood that needs to be
𝑁2 − 𝑁1
transfused in the body of person B equals ( )V
𝑁2
19. A student has to use an appropriate number of 3
(i) NAND gates (only) to get the output Y1
(ii) NOR gates (only) to get the output Y2
From two given inputs A and B as shown in the diagram.
Identify the ‘equivalent gate’ needed in each case. Show how one can connect an
appropriate number of (i) NAND (ii) NOR gates respectively in the two cases to
get these ‘equivalent gates’.

20. The data given below gives the photon energy (in eV) for a number of waves
whose wavelength values (in nm) are also given. 3

Wavelength
(in nm) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Photon
Energy (in 6.216 3.108 2.072 1.554 1.243 1.036
eV)

(Without doing any calculation/taking any reading), explain how one can use this
data to draw an appropriate graph to infer
(i) photon energy corresponding to a wavelength of 100 nm.
(ii) the wavelength value (in nm) corresponding to a photon energy of 1 eV.
(iii) velocity of light assuming that the value of Plank’s constant is known.

21. A (sinusoidal) carrier wave 3

C(t) = AC sin ωc t
 is amplitude modulated by a (sinusoidal) message signal

m(t) = Am sin ωm t

Write the equation of the (amplitude) modulated signal.

Use this equation to obtain the values of the frequencies of all the sinusoidal
waves present in the modulated signal.

22. Give reasons for the following: 3

(i) The Zener diode is fabricated by heavily doping both the p and n sides of the
junction
(ii) A photodiode, when used as a detector of optical signals is operated under
reverse bias.
(iii) The band gap of the semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LED’s
must at least be 1.8 eV.

Section D

23. Dimpi’s class was shown a video on effects of magnetic field on a current carrying
straight conductor. She noticed that the force on the straight current carrying conductor
becomes zero when it is oriented parallel to the magnetic field and this force becomes
maximum when it is perpendicular to the field. She shared this interesting information
with her grandfather in the evening. The grandfather could immediately relate it to
something similar in real life situations. He explained it to Dimpi that similar things
happen in real life too. When we align and orient our thinking and actions in an
adaptive and accommodating way, our lives become more peaceful and happy.
However, when we adopt an unaccommodating and stubborn attitude, life becomes
troubled and miserable. We should therefore always be careful in our response to
different situations in life and avoid unnecessary conflicts.

Answer the following question based on above information:

a) Express the force acting on a straight current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic
field in vector form. State the rule used to find the direction of this force.
b) Which one value is displayed and conveyed by grandfather as well as Dimpi?
c) Mention one specific situation from your own life which reflects similar values
shown by you towards your elders. 2+1+1=4
 Section E

24 a) State the theorem which relates total charge enclosed within a closed surface 5

and the electric flux passing through it. Prove it for a single point charge.

b) An ‘atom’ was earlier assumed to be a sphere of radius a having a positively charged

point nucleus of charge +Ze at its centre. This nucleus was believed to be surrounded by
a uniform density of negative charge that made the atom neutral as a whole.

Use this theorem to find the electric field of this ‘atom’ at a distance r (r<a) from the
centre of the atom.

OR

A Dipole is made up of two charges + q and – q separated by a distance 2a.

Derive an expression for the electric field ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐸𝑒 due to this dipole at a point distant r from
the centre of the dipole on the equatorial plane.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑒 | and r when r>> 𝑎.

Draw the shape of the graph, between |𝐸

If this dipole were to be put in a uniform external electric field ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐸 , obtain an expression
for the torque acting on the dipole.

25. State the law which relates to generation of induced emf in a conductor being moved
in a magnetic field. 5

Apply this law to obtain an expression for the induced emf when one ‘rod’ of a
rectangular conductor is free to move in a uniform, time independent and ‘normal’
magnetic field.

Apply the concept of the Lorentz (magnetic) force acting on a moving charge to justify
the expression obtained above.

OR
 An a.c. voltage V = Vm sin 𝝎t is applied across an inductor of inductance L.

Apply Kirchoff’s loop rule to obtain expressions for

(i) the current flowing in the circuit

(ii) the inductive reactance L
Hence find the instantaneous power Pi supplied to the inductor.

Show graphically the variation of Pi with 𝝎t.

26. (a) Explain, with the help of a diagram, how is the phenomenon of total internal reflection
used in
(i) an optical fibre
(ii) a prism that inverts an image without changing its size

(b) A right angled prism made from a material of refractive index 𝜇 is kept in air. A ray
PQ is incident normally on the side AB of the prism as shown.

Find (in terms of 𝜇) the maximum value of 𝜃 upto which this incident ray necessarily undergoes
total internal reflection at the face AC of the prism. 2+3=5

OR
State Huygen’s principle in wave-optics. How did Huygen ‘explain’ the absence of the
backwave?
Use this principle to draw the refracted wave front for a plane wave incident from a denser to a
rarer medium. Hence obtain Snell’s law of refraction.
 Sample Question Paper

Class XII -Physics

(Applicable for March 2016 Examination)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section
D and Section E.
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five
questions of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three
marks each, Section D contains one value based question of four marks and
Section E contains three questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three
questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.
5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
c = 3 X 108 m/s
h = 6.63 X 10-34Js
e = 1.6 X 10-19 C
µo = 4 X 10-7 T m A-1
𝛆0 = 8.854 X 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2
= 9 X 109 N m2 C-2

me= 9.1 X 10-31 kg

Page 1 of 23
 mass of neutron = 1.675 X 10-27 kg
mass of proton = 1.673 X 10-27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 X 10-23 JK-1
Section A

1. Figure shows a point charge +Q, located at a distance R/2 from the centre of a
spherical metal shell. Draw the electric field lines for the given system.
(1)

2. Give an example of a material each for which temperature coefficient of

resistivity is (i) positive, (ii) negative. (1)

3. A device ‘X’ is connected to an a.c. source V = Vo sin ωt. The variation of

voltage, current and power in one complete cycle is shown in the following
figure. (1)
(i) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?
(ii) Identify the device ‘X’.

Page 2 of 23
4. An object is placed in front of convex lens made of glass. How does the image
distance vary if the refractive index of the medium is increased in such a way
that still it remains less than the glass? (1)

5. Name the network within an institution, made by connecting all or some of their
computers. (1)

Section B

6. Two cells of E.M.F. 10 V and 2 V and internal resistances 10 Ω and 5 Ω

respectively, are connected in parallel as shown. Find the effective voltage
across R. (2)

7. Figure shows a system of two polarizing sheets in the path of initially

unpolarized light. The polarizing direction of first sheet is parallel to x-axis and
that of second sheet is 60o clockwise from x-axis. Calculate what fraction of
intensity of light emerges from the system. (2)

OR
Page 3 of 23
 State Huygen’s principle. Using it, construct a ray diagram for a plane wave
front getting incident on a denser medium. (2)

8. A monochromatic light source of power 5mW emits 8X1015 photons per

second. This light ejects photoelectrons from a metal surface. The stopping
potential for this set up is 2V. Calculate the work function of the metal. (2)

9. The following table shows some measurements of the decay rate of a

radionuclide sample. Find the disintegration constant. (2)

Time (min) lnR (Bq)

36 5.08
100 3.29
164 1.52
218 1.00

10. Distinguish between any two types of propagation of Electromagnetic waves

with respect to (i) frequency range over which they are applicable (ii)
communication systems in which they are used. (2)

Section C

11. Given a uniformly charged plane/ sheet of surface charge density σ = 2X1017
C/m2. (3)
(i) Find the electric field intensity at a point A, 5mm away from the sheet on
the left side.
(ii) Given a straight line with three points X, Y & Z placed 50 cm away from
the charged sheet on the right side. At which of these points, the field due to
the sheet remain the same as that of point A and why?

Page 4 of 23
12. The potential difference across a resistor ‘r’ carrying current ‘I’ is Ir. (3)
(i) Now if the potential difference across ‘r’ is measured using a voltmeter of
resistance ‘Rv’, show that the reading of voltmeter is less than the true value.
(ii) Find the percentage error in measuring the potential difference by a
voltmeter.
(iii) At what value of Rv, does the voltmeter measures the true potential
difference?

OR

You are given two sets of potentiometer circuit to measure the emf E1 of a cell.
Set A: consists of a potentiometer wire of a material of resistivity ρ1, area of
cross-section A1 and length l.
Set B: consists of a potentiometer of two composite wires of equal lengths l/2
each, of resistivity ρ1, ρ2 and area of cross-section A1, A2 respectively.

(i) Find the relation between resistivity of the two wires with respect to their
area of cross section, if the current flowing in the two sets is same.
(ii) Compare the balancing length obtained in the two sets. (3)

Page 5 of 23
13. (i) Name the machine which uses crossed electric and magnetic fields to
accelerate the ions to high energies. With the help of a diagram, explain the
resonance condition. (2)
(ii) What will happen to the motion of charged particle if the frequency of the
alternating voltage is doubled? (1)

14. The magnetic field through a single loop of wire, 12cm in radius and 8.5Ω
resistance, changes with time as shown in the figure. The magnetic field is
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Plot induced current as a function of
time. (3)

15. Identify the type of waves which are produced by the following way and write
one application for each: (3)
(i) Radioactive decay of the nucleus,
(ii) Rapid acceleration and decelerations of electrons in aerials,
Page 6 of 23
 (iii) Bombarding a metal target by high energy electrons.

16. Consider a two slit interference arrangement (shown in figure) such that the
distance of the screen from the slits is half the distance between the slits.
Obtain the value of D in terms of λ such that the first minima on the screen fall
at a distance D from the centre O. (3)

17. A compound microscope consists of an objective of focal length 1cm and eye
piece of focal length 5cm separated by 12.2cm. (a) At what distance from the
objective should an object be placed so that the final image is formed at least
distance of distinct vision? (b) Calculate the angular magnification in this case.
(3)

18. Compare the photoelectric effect on the basis of photon theory and wave theory
of light and hence explain why the wave theory failed to explain it. (3)

19. Derive the expression for the magnetic field at the site of a point nucleus in a
Hydrogen atom due to the circular motion of the electron. Assume that the
atom is in its ground state and give the answer in terms of fundamental
constants. (3)

20. The graph of potential barrier versus width of depletion region for an unbiased
diode is shown in A. In comparison to A, graphs B and C are obtained after
biasing the diode in different ways. Identify the type of biasing in B & C and
justify your answer. (3)

Page 7 of 23
21. Explain the following: (3)
(i) In the active state of the transistor, the emitter base junction acts as a low
resistance while base collector region acts as high resistance.
(ii) Output characteristics are controlled by the input characteristics in
common emitter transistor amplifier.
(iii) LEDs are made of compound semiconductor and not by elemental
semiconductors.

22. (i) Write the factors that prevent a baseband signal of low frequency to be
transmitted over long distances.
(ii) What is to be done to overcome these factors? Draw a block diagram to
obtain the desired signal. (3)

Section D

23. Ria recently read about earth’s magnetic field and its causes. She became so
much fascinated by the topic that she further studied it in detail. She collected
information as follows: (4)
 The magnitude of magnetic field at the Earth's surface ranges from 0.25
to 0.65 gauss.
 The Earth’s magnetic field varies with time. There are short term and
long term variations.

Page 8 of 23
  One the scale of million years, the Earth’s magnetic field reverses its
direction, and much more.
She made a power point presentation on the same and shared all this
information with her classmates.

(i) Suggest another activity related to the same topic, which will help a
student to internalize the same values gained by Ria.
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram showing the three magnetic elements of earth.

Section E

24. (a) Two isolated metal spheres A and B have radii R and 2R respectively, and
same charge q. Find which of the two spheres have greater : (i) Capacitance
and (ii) energy density just outside the surface of the spheres. (2)

(b) (i) Show that the equipotential surfaces are closed together in the regions of
strong field and far apart in the regions of weak field. Draw equipotential
surfaces for an electric dipole. (1+1)
(ii) Concentric equipotential surfaces due to a charged body placed at the
centre are shown. Identify the polarity of the charge and draw the
electric field lines due to it. (1)

OR
(a) Compare the individual dipole moment and the specimen dipole moment for
H2O molecule and O2 molecule when placed in
Page 9 of 23
 (i) Absence of external electric field (2)
(ii) Presence of external electric field. Justify your answer. (3)
(b) Given two parallel conducting plates of area A and charge densities + σ &
-σ. A dielectric slab of constant K and a conducting slab of thickness d each
are inserted in between them as shown.
(i) Find the potential difference between the plates.
(ii) Plot E versus x graph, taking x=0 at positive plate and x=5d at negative
plate. (2)

25. (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a device
which produces current that reverses its direction after regular intervals of
time. (3)
(b) If a charged capacitor C is short circuited through an inductor L, the charge
and current in the circuit oscillate simple harmonically.
(i) In what form the capacitor and the inductor stores energy?
(ii) Write two reasons due to which the oscillations become damped. (2)

OR

(a) Figure shows the variation of resistance and reactance versus angular
frequency. Identify the curve which corresponds to inductive reactance and

Page 10 of 23
 resistance.

(b) Show that series LCR circuit at resonance behaves as a purely resistive
circuit. Compare the phase relation between current and voltage in series
LCR circuit for (i) XL > XC (ii) XL = XC using phasor diagrams.
(c) What is an acceptor circuit and where it is used? (1+3+1)

26 (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the real image of a point
object due to a convex spherical refracting surface, when a ray of light is
travelling from a rarer medium of refractive index μ1 to a denser medium of
refractive index μ2. Hence derive the relation between object distance, image
distance and radius of curvature of the spherical surface. (3)

(b) An object is placed in front of right angled prism ABC in two positions as
shown. The prism is made of crown glass with critical angle of 410. Trace
the path of the two rays from P & Q. (2)

Page 11 of 23
 OR

(a) Calculate the value of θ, for which light incident normally on face AB grazes
along the face BC. μg = 3/2 μw = 4/3. (2)

(b) Draw a graph showing the variation of angle of deviation ‘δ’ with that of angle
of incidence ‘i’ for a monochromatic ray of light passing through a glass prism
of refracting angle ‘A’. What do you interpret from the graph? Write a relation
showing the dependence of angle of deviation on angle of incidence and hence
derive the expression for refractive index of the prism. (3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 12 of 23
 Sample Paper(2016-17)

Time allowed: 3 hours PHYSICS (XII) Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question of two marks, one question of three marks and one question of
five marks. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions. This
paper has five distinct sections.
(iii) Section A has Question numbers 1 to 5. They are very short answer type
questions, carrying one mark each.
(iv) Section B has Question numbers 6 to 10. They are short answer type questions,
carrying two marks each.
(v) Section C has Question numbers 11 to 22. They are also short answer type
questions, carrying three marks each.
(vi) Section D has Question number 23. It is a value based question, carrying four
marks.
(vii) Question numbers 24 to 26 are long answer type questions, carrying five
marks each.
(viii) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables, if
necessary.
(ix) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary:

c = 3 × 108 ms-1
h = 6.6 × 10-34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
µ0 = 4 × 10-7 T m A-1
Mass of neutron mn = 1.675×10-27kg
Mass of proton mp = 1.672×10-27kg
Boltzmann's constant k = 1.38 × 10-23 J K-1
Avogadro's number NA = 6.023 × 1023 / mole
1 MeV = 1.602×10-13 J

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECTION A

1. Represent graphically the variation of electric field with distance, for a uniformly
charged plane sheet. (1)

2. Draw a graph to show a variation of resistance of a metal wire as a function of

its diameter keeping its length and material constant. (1)

3. A rod of length L, along East-West direction is dropped from a height H. If B be

the magnetic field due to earth at that place and angle of dip is θ, then what is
the magnitude of induced emf across two ends of the rod when the rod reaches
the earth? (1)
4. Two polaroids are placed with their optic axis perpendicular to each other. One
of them is rotated through 45°, what is the intensity of light emerging from the
second polaroid if I0 is the intensity of unpolarised light? (1)

5. With the help of a block diagram, show the basic constituents of the
communication system. (1)

SECTION B

6. Two wires A and B of the same material and having same length, have their
cross sectional areas in the ratio 1:6. What would be the ratio of heat produced
in these wires when same voltage is applied across each? (2)

7. The focal length of a convex lens made of glass is 20 cm. What will be its new
focal length when placed in a medium of refractive index 1.25? (2)

OR

The following data was recorded for values of object distance and the
corresponding values of image distance in the experiment on study of real
image formation by a convex lens of power + 5 D. One of these observations is
incorrect. Identify this observation and give reason for your choice.

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Object 25 30 35 45 50 55
distance
(cm)
Image 97 61 37 35 32 30
distance
(cm)

8. An -particle and a proton are accelerated through the same potential

difference. Calculate the ratio of linear momenta acquired by the two.
(2)

9. The activity R of an unknown nuclide is measured at hourly intervals. The

results found are tabulated as follows: (2)

t (h) 0 1 2 3 4
R (MBq) 100 35.36 12.51 4.42 1.56

a) Plot the graph of R versus t and calculate half life from the graph.

b) Plot the graph of ln (R/Ro) versus t and obtain the value of half life from the
graph.
10. Distinguish between any two types of propagation of electromagnetic waves
based on a) frequency range over which they are applicable and b)
communication systems in which they are used. (2)

SECTION C

11. If N drops of same size each having the same charge, coalesce to form a bigger
drop. How will the following vary with respect to single small drop? (3)

(i) Total charge on bigger drop

(ii) Potential on the bigger drop
(iii) Capacitance

12. In the given circuit, a metre bridge is shown in the balanced state. The metre
bridge wire has a resistance of 1  cm-1. Calculate the unknown resistance X
and the current drawn from the battery of a negligible internal resistance if the
magnitude of Y is 6 . If at the balancing point, we interchange the position of
galvanometer and the cell, how it will affect the position of the galvanometer?

(3)

OR

Calculate the current drawn from the battery in the given network shown here.

State Kirchhoff’s loop law and name the law on which it is based on. (3)

13. A metallic ring of mass m and radius l is falling under gravity in a region having
 a magnetic field. If z is the vertical direction, the z-component of magnetic field
is Bz = Bo (1+z). If R is the resistance of the ring and if the ring falls with a
velocity v, find the energy lost in the resistance. If the ring has reached a
constant velocity, use the conservation of energy to determine v in terms of m,
B,  and acceleration due to gravity g. (3)

14.
(a) Consider two different hydrogen atoms. The electron in each atom is in an
excited state. Is it possible for the electrons to have different energies but
same orbital angular momentum according to the Bohr model? Justify your
answer.
(b) If a proton had a radius R and the charge was uniformly distributed, calculate
using Bohr theory, the ground state energy of a H – atom when R = 10 Ao.
(3)

15. Describe the concept used for the selection of velocity of a charged particle.
Explain the principle of the device with the help of a diagram where the same
concept is used. What is the resonating condition for the said device? (3)

16. Consider a two slit interference arrangements such that the distance of the
screen from the slits is half the distance between the slits.

Obtain the value of D in terms of  such that the fist minima on the screen
falls at a distance D from the centre O. (3)

17. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal

adjustment position and find the magnitudes of
a) The length of the telescope
b) The magnification of the telescope
if the focal length of the objective lens is = 15 m and the focal length of an
eye lens is 5 cm. (3)

18. Radiation of frequency 1015 Hz is incident on three photo sensitive surfaces A,

B and C. Following observations are recorded:
a) no photoemission occurs
b) photoemission occurs but the photoelectrons have zero kinetic energy.
 c) photo emission occurs and photoelectrons have some kinetic energy.

Based on Einstein’s photo-electric equation, explain the three observations.

(3)
19. A proton and an alpha particle enter at right angles into a uniform magnetic
field of intensity B. Calculate the radii of their paths when they enter the field
with the same
a) momentum and
b) kinetic energy
(3)
20. Explain:

a) Three photo diodes D1, D2 and D3 are made of semiconductors having band
gaps of 2.5 eV, 2 eV and 3 eV respectively. Which one will be able to detect
light of wavelength 6000 Ao? (2)

b) Why an elemental semiconductor cannot be used to make visible LEDs? (1)

21. In the circuit shown, when the input voltage of the base resistance is 10 V, VBE
is zero and VCE is also zero, find the values of IB, IC and . (3)

22. Explain with reason:

a) In amplitude modulation, the modulation index  is kept less than or equal

to 1.

b) The maximum amplitude of an amplitude modulated wave is found to be 15

V while its minimum amplitude is found to be 3 V. What is the modulation
index?

c) Why amplitude modulated signal be noisier than a frequency modulated

signal upon transmission through a channel? (3)

SECTION D

23. Muthuswami a resident of Kundakulam was all set to leave everything and shift
to another place in view of the decision of Government to start nuclear thermal
power plant at Kundakulam. His granddaughter Prachi, a science student was
 really upset on the ignorant decision of her grandfather. She could finally
convince him not to shift, since adequate safety measures to avoid any nuclear
mishap have already been taken by the Government before starting nuclear
thermal power plants.
(i) What is the value displayed by Prachi in convincing her grandfather?
(ii) What is the principle behind working of nuclear reactor?
(iii) What are the main component of nuclear reactor?
(iv) Why is heavy water used as moderator? (4)

SECTION E

24. Find the expression for the energy stored in the capacitor. Also find the energy
lost when the charged capacitor is disconnected from the source and connected
in parallel with the uncharged capacitor. Where does this loss of energy
appear? (2+2+1)

OR

(a) An electric dipole is held in uniform electric field.

(i) Using suitable diagram, show that it does not undergo any translatory
motion.
(ii) Define torque, giving its SI unit; derive an expression for the torque acting
on this dipole. (1+2)

(b) A capacitor is made of a flat plate of area A and second plate having a stair like
structure as shown in figure below. If width of each stair is A/3 and height is d.
Find the capacitance of the arrangement. (2)

25.

a) Derive the condition for the resonance to occur in LCR series circuit. (2)
b) In a series L-R circuit, L = 35 mH and R = 11 , V = Vo sin t of Vrms = 220 V
and frequency 50 Hz are applied. Find the current amplitude in the circuit and
phase of current with respect to voltage. Draw reactance-frequency graph.
(3)

OR

a) An a.c. source generating a voltage V = Vo sin t is connected to a capacitor

of capacitance C. Find the expression for the current I flowing through it. Plot
a graph of V and I versus t to show that the current is π/2 ahead of the
voltage. (3)
 b) A resistor of 200  and a capacitor of 15 F are connected in series to a 220
V, 50 Hz a.c. source. Calculate the current in the circuit and the rms voltage
across the resistor and the capacitor. Why the algebraic sum of these voltages
is more than the source voltage? (2)

26.

a) For same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media
are 15o, 20o and 25o respectively. In which medium, the velocity of light will
be minimum? (2)
b) Derive the relationship between angle of incidence, angle of prism and angle
of minimum deviation for an equilateral prism. (3)

OR

a) State the conditions for total internal reflection to occur. (2)

b) A right angled prism of refractive index n has a plate of refractive index n 1 so
that n1 < n, cemented to its diagonal face. The assembly is in air. A ray is
incident on AB.
i. Calculate the angle of incidence at AB for which the ray strikes the
diagonal face at the critical angle.
ii. Assuming n = 1.352, calculate the angle of incidence at AB for which
the refracted ray passes through the diagonal face undeviated. (3)
 Sample Question Paper (PHYSICS)
CLASS-XII (2017-18)
Time Allowed: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions
of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section
D contains one value based question of four marks and Section E contains three
questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three questions of five
marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.

c = 3 X 108 m/s
h = 6.63 X 10-34 Js
e = 1.6 X 10-19 C
µo = 4 X 10-7 T m A-1
𝛆0 = 8.854 X 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

= 9 X 109 N m2 C-2

me = 9.1 X 10-31 kg
mass of neutron = 1.675 X 10-27 kg
mass of proton = 1.673 X 10-27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 X 10-23 JK-1

1
 Section – A

1. In the given figure, charge +Q is placed at the centre of a dotted circle. Work done in
taking another charge +q from A to B is W1 and from B to C is W2. Which one of the
following is correct: W1 > W2, W1=W2 and W1 < W2?

2. Plot a graph showing the variation of current ‘I’ versus resistance ‘R’, connected to a cell
of emf E and internal resistance ‘r’.

3. State the factors on which the refractive index of a material medium for a given
wavelength depends.

4. Sketch the emergent wavefront.

5. In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is determined by square of the amplitude
of wave. What determines the intensity of light in the photon picture of light?

Section – B

6. (a)An alternating voltage E = Eo sinωt is applied to a circuit containing a resistor R

connected in series with a black box. The current in the circuit is found to be I = Io sin
(ωt + π/4).

2
 (i) State whether the element in the black box is a capacitor or inductor.
(ii) Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and find the impedance in terms of R.

7. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by:

By = 12 × 10–8 sin (1.20 × 107 z + 3.60 × 1015 t) T. Calculate the
(i) Energy density associated with the Electromagnetic wave
(ii) Speed of the wave

8. A spherical convex surface of radius of curvature 20 cm, made of glass (µ = 1.5) is placed
in air. Find the position of the image formed, if a point object is placed at 30 cm in front
of the convex surface on the principal axis.

9. Name the optoelectronic device used for detecting optical signals and mention the
biasing in which it is operated. Draw its I- V characteristics.

10.Give reason, why high frequency carrier waves are needed for effective transmission of
information signals.
OR
What is the range of frequencies used for T.V. transmission? State two factors by which
the range of TV signals can be increased.

Section – C

11.(a)How many electrons must be added to one plate and removed from the other so as
to store 25.0 J of energy in a 5.0 nF parallel plate capacitor?
(b) How would you modify this capacitor so that it can store 50.0 J of energy without
changing the charge on its plates?

12. A point charge +Q is placed at the centre O of an uncharged hollow spherical conductor
of inner radius ‘a’ and outer radius ‘b’. Find the following:
(a) The magnitude and sign of the charge induced on the inner and outer surface of the
conducting shell.
(b) The magnitude of electric field vector at a distance (i) r = , and (ii) r = 2b, from the
centre of the shell.

3
13.The following table gives the length of three copper wires, their diameters, and the
applied potential difference across their ends. Arrange the wires in increasing order
according to the following:
(a) The magnitude of the electric field within them,
(b) The drift speed of electrons through them, and
(c) The current density within them.

Wire Length Diameter Potential

no. Difference
1 L 3d V
2 2L d V
3 3L 2d 2V

14.A multirange voltmeter can be constructed by using a galvanometer circuit as shown in

the figure. We want to construct a voltmeter that can measure 2V, 20V and 200V using
a galvanometer of resistance 10Ω and that produces maximum deflection for current of
1 mA. Find the value of R1, R2 and R3 that have to be used.

15. Figure shows a metal rod PQ of length l, resting on the smooth horizontal rails AB
positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, rod and the magnetic
field B are in three mutually perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects the
rails through a key ‘k’. Assume the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the resistance of
the closed loop containing the rod is R.
(i) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the direction shown.
Find the polarity and the magnitude of induced emf.
(ii) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons
4
 in the rod PQ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion
of the rod. Explain.
(iii) What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the
rails instead of being perpendicular?

16.With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low
voltage into a high voltage but does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Give
any one reason why the device may not be 100% efficient.

17. In a double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is 3 mm and the slits are 2 m
away from the screen. Two interference patterns can be seen on the screen one due to
light with wavelength 480 nm, and the other due to light with wavelength 600 nm.
What is the separation on the screen between the fifth order bright fringes of the two
interference patterns?

18. What do you understand by the statement ‘Light from the sun is unpolarised’. Explain
how does sunlight gets polarized by the process of scattering?

19. Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of the photoelectrons
emitted in a photocell vary if the frequency of incident radiation is doubled, but keeping
the intensity same? Show the graphical variation in the above two cases.
OR

(i) Name the experiment which confirms the existence of wave nature of electrons.
Derive the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of an electron moving under a
potential difference of V volts. (ii) An electron and a proton have the same Kinetic
Energy. Which of these particles has the shorter de-Broglie wavelength?

20.The energy levels of an atom of element X are shown in the diagram. Which one of the
level transitions will result in the emission of photons of wavelength 620 nm? Support
your answer with mathematical calculations.

5
21. Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon versus the mass
number A. Explain with the help of this graph, the release of energy in the process of
nuclear fission and fusion.

22.A message signal of frequency 20 KHz and peak voltage of 20 volts is used to modulate a
carrier signal of frequency 2 MHz and peak voltage of 40 volts. Determine (i) modulation
index, (ii) the side bands produced. Draw the corresponding frequency spectrum of
amplitude modulated signal.

Section - D

23.When Deepak studied the electrical circuits and the current flowing through them, he
became curious about the range of the currents we come across in daily life. He
collected the data and presented in a tabular form as shown below. He then studied the
instruments used to detect and measure current, however could not understand the
difference between an ammeter and an ideal ammeter and thus went to his teacher for
the explanation.

S.No. Description Magnitude of current

1 Domestic Appliance Few amperes

2 Lightning Ten thousand amperes

3 Nervous system microamperes

4 Galvanometer Few milliamperes

5 Semiconductors Few milliamperes

6
 (i) What values did Deepak have?

(ii) As domestic appliances carry electric current of the order of few amperes, write
one safety precaution we should take while working with them.

(iii) An ammeter of resistance RA is connected in series with a resistor R and a

battery of emf E and internal resistance r. The current flowing through this
circuit is IA. What will be the current flowing through the circuit if the given
ammeter is replaced by an ideal ammeter and find the percentage error in
measuring the current through an ammeter?

Section - E

24.(a) A particle of charge q is moving with velocity v in the presence of crossed Electric
field E and Magnetic field B as shown. Write the condition under which the particle will
continue moving along x- axis. How would the trajectory of the particle be affected if
the electric field is switched off?

(b) A horizontal wire AB of length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’ carries a steady current I1, free to
move in vertical plane is in equilibrium at a height of ‘h’ over another parallel long
wire CD carrying a steady current I2, which is fixed in a horizontal plane as shown.
Derive the expression for the force acting per unit length on the wire AB and write
the condition for which wire AB is in equilibrium.

OR

(a) An electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular orbit of
radius R. Obtain the expression for the orbital magnetic moment of the electron in
7
 terms of fundamental constants.

(b) Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod made of (i)
copper, (ii) aluminium and (iii) iron are inserted within the solenoid as shown.

25. (a)Draw a ray diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at least
distance of distinct vision?

(b) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an objective of focal length 1.25 cm
and an eye piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound microscope
for the final image formed at least distance of distinct vision?

OR

(a) Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope for the final image formed at least
distance of distinct vision?

(b) An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distant

objects. The separation between the objective and an eye piece is 36 cm and the
final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the focal length of the objective and the
focal length of the eye piece?

26.(a)With proper diagram, explain the movement of charge carriers through different
parts of the transistor and hence show that IE = IB + IC.

(b) Identify the logic operation carried out by the circuit shown below and write its
truth table.

OR

8
Draw a circuit diagram to study the input and output characteristics of an n-p-n
transistor in its common emitter configuration.
Draw the typical input and output characteristics and explain how these graphs are used
to calculate current amplification factor of the transistor.

__________

9
 Class XII
Physics (042)
Sample Question Paper 2018-19

Time allowed: 3 hours. Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 27 questions in all.
2. This question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.

3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two
marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three marks each, and Section D contains
three questions of five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in two questions of
one mark, two questions of two marks, four questions of three marks and three questions of
five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
c = 3 x 108 m/s
h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js
e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
µo = 4 x 10-7 T m A-1
0= 8.854 x 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

= 9 x 109 N m2 C-2

me = 9.1 x 10-31 kg
mass of neutron = 1.675 x 10-27 kg
mass of proton = 1.673 x 10-27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 x 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1
.

Section-A

1. State the SI unit of the electric polarization vector P 1

2. Define temperature coefficient of resistivity 1

1
3. Name the electromagnetic waves that are widely used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. 1
OR
Name the current which can flow even in the absence of electric charge.
4. A ray of light is incident on a medium with angle of incidence ‘i’ and is refracted into a second 1
medium with angle of refraction ‘r’. The graph of sin i versus sin r is as shown. Find the ratio
of the velocity of light in the first medium to the velocity of light in the second medium.

5. Two particles have equal momenta. What is the ratio of their de-Broglie wavelengths? 1
OR
Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0x 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. What is the energy of
a photon in the light beam?

Section-B

6. A network of resistors is connected to a 16 V battery with internal resistance of 1., as shown 2

in the following figure. Compute the equivalent resistance of the network.

OR
A 9 V battery is connected in series with a resistor .The terminal voltage is found to be 8 V.
Current through the circuit is measured as 5 A. What is the internal resistance of the battery?

7. The diagram below shows a potentiometer set up. On touching the jockey near to the end X 2
of the potentiometer wire, the galvanometer pointer deflects to left. On touching the jockey
near to end Y of the potentiometer, the galvanometer pointer again deflects to left but now by
a larger amount. Identify the fault in the circuit and explain, using appropriate equations or
otherwise, how it leads to such a one-sided deflection.

2
 OR
7 Following circuit was set up in a meter bridge experiment to determine the value X of an 2
unknown resistance.

(a) Write the formula to be used for finding X from the observations.
(b) If the resistance R is increased, what will happen to balancing length?

8. The figure shows two sinusoidal curves representing oscillating supply voltage and current 2
in an ac circuit.

3
 Draw a phasor diagram to represent the current and supply voltage appropriately as phasors.
State the phase difference between the two quantities.
9. Compare the following 2
(i) Wavelengths of the incident solar radiation absorbed by the earth’s surface and the
radiation re-radiated by the earth.
(ii) Tanning effect produced on the skin by UV radiation incident directly on the skin and
that coming through glass window.
10. A narrow slit is illuminated by a parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength λ equals 2
to 6000 Å and the angular width of the central maxima in the resulting diffraction pattern is
measured. When the slit is next illuminated by light of wavelength λ’, the angular width
decreases by 30%. Calculate the value of the wavelength λ’.

11. What are universal gates? How can AND gate be realized using an appropriate combination 2
of NOR gates?
12. A TV transmission tower antenna is at a height of 20 m. How much range can it cover if the 2
receiving antenna is at a height of 25 m?
Section-C

13. A particle, having a charge +5 μC, is initially at rest at the point x = 30 cm on the x axis. The 3
particle begins to move due to the presence of a charge Q that is kept fixed at the origin. Find
the kinetic energy of the particle at the instant it has moved 15 cm from its initial position if
(a) Q =+15μC and (b) Q = -15μC
14. (a) An electric dipole is kept first to the left and then to the right of a negatively charged 3
infinite plane sheet having a uniform surface charge density. The arrows p1 and p2 show the
directions of its electric dipole moment in the two cases.

Identify for each case, whether the dipole is in stable or unstable equilibrium. Justify each
answer.

4
 (b) Next, the dipole is kept in a similar way (as shown), near an infinitely long straight wire having
uniform negative linear charge density.

Will the dipole be in equilibrium at these two positions? Justify your answer.
15. Two material bars A and B of equal area of cross-section, are connected in series to a DC 3
supply. A is made of usual resistance wire and B of an n-type semiconductor.
(a) In which bar is drift speed of free electrons greater?
(b) If the same constant current continues to flow for a long time, how will the voltage
drop across A and B be affected?
Justify each answer.

16. Derive an expression for the velocity vC of a positive ions passing undeflected through a 3
region where crossed and uniform electric field E and magnetic field B are simultaneously
present.
Draw and justify the trajectory of identical positive ions whose velocity has a magnitude less
than IvCI.
OR
A particle of mass m and charge q is in motion at speed v parallel to a long straight
conductor carrying current I as shown below.

Find magnitude and direction of electric field required so that the particle goes undeflected.
17. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 10 V is applied to a series LCR circuit in which resistance, 3
capacitance and inductance have values of 10 Ω, 1μF and 1H respectively. Find (i) the peak
voltage across the inductor at resonance (ii) quality factor of the circuit.

18. a) What is the principle of transformer? 3

5
 b) Explain how laminating the core of a transformer helps to reduce eddy current
losses in it
c) Why the primary and secondary coils of a transformer are preferably wound on the same
core

OR
Show that in the free oscillations of an LC circuit, the sum of energies stored in the capacitor
and the inductor is constant in time.
19. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation in a refracting type astronomical 3
telescope in the normal adjustment position. Write two drawbacks of refracting type
telescopes.
OR
(a)Define resolving power of a telescope. Write the factors on which it depends.
(b) A telescope resolves whereas a microscope magnifies. Justify the statement.
20. A jar of height h is filled with a transparent liquid of refractive index μ. At the centre of the 3
jar on the bottom surface is a dot. Find the minimum diameter of a disc, such that when it is
placed on the top surface symmetrically about the centre, the dot is invisible

21. (a) In photoelectric effect, do all the electrons that absorb a photon come out as photoelectrons 3
irrespective of their location? Explain.

(b) A source of light, of frequency greater than the threshold frequency, is placed at a distance
‘d’ from the cathode of a photocell. The stopping potential is found to be V. If the distance
of the light source is reduced to d/n (where n>1), explain the changes that are likely to be
observed in the (i) photoelectric current and (ii) stopping potential.
22. A monochromatic radiation of wavelength 975 Å excites the hydrogen atom from its ground 3
state to a higher state. How many different spectral lines are possible in the resulting
spectrum? Which transition corresponds to the longest wavelength amongst them?
23. Binding energy per nucleon versus mass number curve is as shown. 3
are four nuclei indicated on the curve.

6
 Based on the graph:
(a)Arrange X, W and S in the increasing order of stability.
(b) Write the relation between the relevant A and Z values for the following nuclear
reaction.

S X +W

(c)Explain why binding energy for heavy nuclei is low.

OR
How are protons, which are positively charged, held together inside a nucleus? Explain the
variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. State the
significance of negative potential energy in this region?
24. A sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude Ac and angular frequency ωc is modulated in 3
accordance with a sinusoidal information signal of amplitude Am and angular frequency ωm.
Show that the amplitude modulated signal contains three frequencies centered around ωc.
Draw the frequency spectrum of the resulting modulated signal.
Section-D

25. (a)Write the expression for the equivalent magnetic moment of a planer current loop of area 5
A, having N turns and carrying a current i. Use the expression to find the magnetic dipole
moment of a revolving electron.
(b) A circular loop of radius r, having N turns and carrying current I, is kept in the XY plane.
It is then subjected to a uniform magnetic field B = Bx i + By j + Bz k. Obtain expression for
the magnetic potential energy of the coil-magnetic field system.
OR
(a) A long solenoid with air core has n turns per unit length and carries a current I. Using
Ampere’s circuital law, derive an expression for the magnetic field B at an interior point on
its axis. Write an expression for magnetic intensity H in the interior of the solenoid.
(b) A (small) bar of material, having magnetic susceptibility χ, is now put along the axis and
near the centre, of the solenoid which is carrying a d.c. current through its coils. After some
time, the bar is taken out and suspended freely with an unspun thread. Will the bar orient
itself in magnetic meridian if (i) χ < 0 (ii) χ ˃ 1000?
Justify your answer in each case.
26. (a)There are two sets of apparatus of Young’s double slit experiment. In set A, the phase 5
difference between the two waves emanating from the slits does not change with time,

7
 whereas in set B, the phase difference between the two waves from the slits changes rapidly
with time. What difference will be observed in the pattern obtained on the screen in the two
set ups?

(b) Deduce the expression for the resultant intensity in both the above mentioned set ups (A
and B), assuming that the waves emanating from the two slits have the same amplitude A and
same wavelength λ.
OR
(a) The two polaroids, in a given set up, are kept ‘crossed’ with respect to each other. A third
polaroid, now put in between these two polaroids, can be rotated. Find an expression for the
dependence of the intensity of light I, transmitted by the system, on the angle between the
pass axis of first and the third polaroid. Draw a graph showing the dependence of I on ϴ.

(b) When an unpolarized light is incident on a plane glass surface, find the expression for the
angle of incidence so that the reflected and refracted light rays are perpendicular to each other.
What is the state of polarisation, of reflected and refracted light, under this condition?

27. (a) Draw the circuit diagram to determine the characteristics of a pnp transistor in common 5
emitter configuration.

Explain, using I-V characteristics, how the collector current changes with the base current.
How can (i) output resistance and (ii) current amplification factor be determined from the I-
V characteristics?
OR
(a) Why are photodiodes preferably operated under reverse bias when the current in the
forward bias is known to be more than that in reverse bias?

The two optoelectronic devices: - Photodiode and solar cell, have the same working principle
but differ in terms of their process of operation. Explain the difference between the two
devices in terms of (i) biasing, (ii) junction area and (iii) I-V characteristics.

8
 CLASS - XII
PHYSICS (042)
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (2019-20)

Time allowed: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.

2. This question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.

3. Section A contains twenty questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven
questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each,
and Section D contains three questions of five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in two questions
of one mark each, two questions of two marks, one question of three marks and three
questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.

5. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary.

1
 Section – A

Directions (Q1-Q10) Select the most appropriate option from those given below each question

1. A charge q is placed at the point of intersection of body diagonals of a cube. The 1

electric flux passing through any one of its face is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. The electric potential of earth is taken to be zero because earth is a good 1

(a) Insulator (b) conductor (c) semiconductor (d) dielectric

3. If the ammeter in the given circuit shown in the diagram reads 2A, the resistance 1
R is
(a) 1Ω (b) 2Ω (c) 3Ω (d) 4Ω

4. The heat produced by 100W heater in 2 minutes is equal to 1

(a) 10.5kJ (b) 16.3kJ (c) 12.0kJ (d) 14.2kJ

5. Time period of a charged particle undergoing a circular motion in a uniform 1

magnetic field is independent of
(a) speed of the particle (b) mass of the particle
(c) charge of the particle (d) magnetic field

6. The final image formed in an astronomical refracting telescope with respect to the 1
object is

(a) Real inverted (b) Real erect (c) Virtual erect (d) Virtual inverted

7. The shape of the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment when D 1
(distance between slit and screen) is very large as compared to fringe width is
nearly

(a) straight line (b) parabolic (c) circular (d) hyperbolic

2
8. Unpolarized light is incident on a plane glass surface having refractive index . 1
The angle of incidence at which reflected and refracted rays would become
perpendicular to each other is :

(a) 15° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°

9. Photoelectric emission from a given surface of metal can take place when the 1
value of a ‘physical quantity’ is less than the energy of incident photon. The
physical quantity is :

(a) Threshold frequency (b) Work function of surface

(c) Threshold wave length (d) Stopping Potential

10. A photon beam of energy 12.1eV is incident on a hydrogen atom. The orbit to 1
which electron of H-atom be excited is

(a) 2nd (b) 3rd (c) 4th (d) 5th

Directions (Q11 –Q15) Fill in the blanks with appropriate answer.

11 Horizontal and vertical components of earth’s magnetic field at a place are equal. 1
The angle of dip at that place is ________.

OR
A free floating magnetic needle at North pole is __________to the surface of
earth.

12 The magnetic flux linked with a coil changes by 2×10-2Wb when the current 1
changes by 0.01A. The self inductance of the coil is_______.

13 If the angular speed of the armature of a dynamo is doubled then the amplitude of 1
the induced e.m.f will become_______.

14 An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V , then de-Broglie 1

wavelength associated with it is approximately ____________A o

15 An equilateral prism is made up of material of refractive index . The angle of 1

minimum deviation of light passing through the prism is_________.

Directions (Q16 –Q20) Answer the following

16. Which physical quantity in a nuclear reaction is considered equivalent to the Q- 1

value of the reaction?

17. Zener diode is used in reverse bias. When its reverse bias is increased, how does 1
the thickness of the depletion layer change?

18 The initial concentration of a radioactive substance is No and its half life is 12 1

hours. What will be its concentration after 36 hours?

19. Work function of Sodium is 2.75eV. What will be KE of emitted electron when 1
photon of energy 3.54eV is incident on the surface of sodium?

3
20. From the information of energy band gaps of diodes, how do you decide which 1
can be light emitting diodes?

OR

Give any one advantage of LEDs over conventional incandescent low power
lamps

21 Derive the expression for drift velocity of free electron in terms of relaxation time 2
and electric field applied across a conductor.

22 Find total energy stored in capacitors given in the circuit 2

23 An α - particle and a proton are accelerated through same potential difference. 2

Find the ratio (vα/ vp)of velocities acquired by two particles.

24 What is Brewster’s angle? Derive relation between Brewster angle and refractive 2
index of medium which produces Plane Polarized light.

25 The work function of Cs is 2.14eV.Find

(a) threshold frequency for Cs

2

(b) Wavelength of incident light if the photo current is brought to zero by stopping
potential of 0.6 V.

26 Derive an expression for the radius of nth Bohr’s orbit in Hydrogen atom.

OR
2

Energy of electron in first excited state in Hydrogen atom is -3.4eV. Find KE and
PE of electron in the ground state.

27 Draw energy band diagram of p & n type semiconductors. Also write two
differences between p and n type semiconductors. 2
OR

Energy gap in a p – n photodiode is 2.8 eV. Can it detect a wavelength of 6000

nm? Justify your answer.

4
 Section – C
28 State working principle of potentiometer. Explain how the balance point shifts 3
when value of resistor R increases in the circuit of potentiometer, given below.

29 Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on
axial line of a current carrying circular loop. Hence, find magnitude of magnetic 3
field intensity at the centre of circular coil.

30 Obtain the resonant frequency and Q – factor of a series LCR circuit with L = 3H, 3
C = 27𝛍F, R = 7.4Ω. It is desired to improve the sharpness of resonance of
circuit by reducing its full width at half maximum by a factor of 2. Suggest a
suitable way.

31 State the conditions of total internal reflection. Refractive indices of the given 3
prism material for Red, Blue and Green colors are respectively 1.39, 1.48 and
1.42 respectively. Trace the path of rays through the prism.

32 Define resolving power of an astronomical refracting telescope and write 3

expression for it in normal adjustment.Assume that light of wave length 6000Å is
coming from a star, what is the limit of resolution of a telescope whose objective
has a diameter of 2.54m?

OR

Write the basic assumptions used in the derivation of lens – maker’s formula and 3
hence derive this expression.

5
33 Show that can not spontaneously emit a proton. Given: 3
= 238.05079u, = 237.05121u = 1.00783u

34 Suggest an idea to convert a full wave bridge rectifier to a half wave rectifier by 3
changing the connecting wire/s. Draw the diagram and explain your answer.

Section – D

35 (a) Using Gauss’s law, derive expression for intensity of electric field at any point 5
near the infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire.

(b)The electric field components in the following figure are Ex = αx, Ey = 0, Ez= 0;
in which α = 400 N/C m. Calculate (i) the electric flux through the cube, and (ii)
the charge within the cube assume that a = 0.1m.

OR

a) Define electrostatic potential at a point. Write its SI unit.

Three charges q1 , q2 and q3 are kept respectively at points A, B and C as 5
shown in figures. Write the expression for electrostatic potential energy of
the system.

b) Depict the equipotential surfaces due to

(i) an electric dipole

(ii) two identical negative charges separated by a small distance.

36 In the following diagram, the arm PQ of the rectangular conductor is moved from x 5
= 0; outwards.

6
 The uniform magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane and extends from x = 0 to
x = b and is zero for x >b. Only the arm PQ possesses substantial resistance ‘r’.
consider the situation when the arm PQ is pulled outwards from x = 0 to x = 2b,
and is then moved back to x = 0 with constant speed ‘ѵ’. Obtain expressions for
the (i) electric flux, (ii) the induced emf,(iii)the force necessary to pull the arm and
(iv) the power dissipated as Joule heat.
Sketch the variation of these quantities with distance.

OR
Write working principle of cyclotron and with a suitable diagram explain its
working. Give any two applications of cyclotron. 5

37 Derive mirror equation for a convex mirror. Using it, show that a convex mirror 5
always produces a virtual image, independent of the location of object.

OR

(a) Draw a ray diagram for final image formed at distance of distinct vision (D) by a
compound microscope and write expression for its magnifying power.
5
(b) An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30x is desired for a compound
microscope using as objective of focal length 1.25cm and eye piece of focal
length 5cm. How will you set up the compound microscope?

7
 Class: XII Session: 2020-2021
Subject: Physics
Sample Question Paper (Theory)

Maximum Marks: 70 Marks Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning
MCQs of 1 mark each, Section B has two case based questions of 4 marks each,
Section C contains nine short answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains
five short answer questions of 3 marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of 5 marks each.
(4) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.

Sr. Marks
No.
Section – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt
any one of them.

1 Name the physical quantity having unit J/T. 1

2 Mention one use of part of electromagnetic spectrum to which a wavelength 1

of 21 cm (emitted by hydrogen in interstellar space) belongs.

OR

Give the ratio of velocity of the two light waves of wavelengths 4000Å and
8000Å travelling in vacuum.

3 An electron with charge -e and mass m travels at a speed v in a plane 1

perpendicular to a magnetic field of magnitude B. The electron follows a
circular path of radius R. In a time, t, the electron travels halfway around the
circle. What is the amount of work done by the magnetic field?

Page 1 of 10
4 A solenoid with N loops of wire tightly wrapped around an iron-core is 1
carrying an electric current I. If the current through this solenoid is reduced
to half, then what change would you expect in inductance L of the solenoid.
OR

An alternating current from a source is given by i=10sin314t. What is the

effective value of current and frequency of source?

5 What is the value of angular momentum of electron in the second orbit of

Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom? 1

6 In a photoelectric experiment, the potential required to stop the ejection of 1

electrons from cathode is 4V. What is the value of maximum kinetic energy
of emitted Photoelectrons?

7 In decay of free neutron, name the elementary particle emitted along with 1
proton and electron in nuclear reaction.

OR

In the following nuclear reaction, Identify unknown labelled X.

8 How does the width of a depletion region of a pn junction vary if doping

concentration is increased? 1

OR

In half wave rectification, what is the output frequency if input frequency is

25 Hz.

9 When a voltage drop across a pn junction diode is increased from 0.70 V to 1

0.71V, the change in the diode current is 10 mA .What is the dynamic
resistance of diode?

10 Which specially fabricated pn junction diode is used for detecting light 1

intensity?

For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given-one
labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false

Page 2 of 10
11 Assertion(A) : 1
In a nonuniform electric field, a dipole will have translatory as well as
rotatory motion.
Reason(R):
In a nonuniform electric field, a dipole experiences a force as well as
torque.

12 Assertion(A): 1
Electric field is always normal to equipotential surfaces and along the
direction of decreasing order of potential
Reason(R):
Negative gradient of electric potential is electric field.

13 Assertion (A): 1
A convex mirror cannot form real images.
Reason (R):
Convex mirror converges the parallel rays that are incident on it.

14 Assertion(A): 1
A convex lens of focal length 30 cm can’t be used as a simple microscope
in normal setting.
Reason (R):
For normal setting, the angular magnification of simple microscope is
M=D/f

Section – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are
compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each
question carries 1 mark.

15 Faraday Cage: 4

A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made of a conducting

material. The fields within a conductor cancel out with any external fields,
so the electric field within the enclosure is zero. These Faraday cages act
as big hollow conductors you can put things in to shield them from electrical
fields. Any electrical shocks the cage receives, pass harmlessly around the
outside of the cage.

Page 3 of 10
 1. Which of the following material can be used to make a Faraday
cage?
(i)
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Copper
d) Wood

2. Example of a real-world Faraday cage is

a) car
b) plastic box
c) lightning rod
d) metal rod
a)
3. What is the electrical force inside a Faraday cage when it is struck
by lightning?
a) The same as the lightning
b) Half that of the lightning
c) Zero
d) A quarter of the lightning

4. An isolated point charge +q is placed inside the Faraday cage. Its

surface must have charge equal to-
a) Zero
b) +q
c) –q
d) +2q

5. A point charge of 2C is placed at centre of Faraday cage in the shape

of cube with surface of 9 cm edge. The number of electric field lines
passing through the cube normally will be-

a) 1.9105 Nm2/C entering the surface

b) 1.9105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
c) 2.0105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
d) 2.0105 Nm2/C entering the surface

16 Sparking Brilliance of Diamond: 4

Page 4 of 10
The total internal reflection of the light is used in polishing diamonds to
create a sparking brilliance. By polishing the diamond with specific cuts, it
is adjusted the most of the light rays approaching the surface are incident
with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they suffer
multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the top. This
gives the diamond a sparking brilliance.

1. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal

reflections. This is because:
a) Its critical angle with reference to air is too large
b) Its critical angle with reference to air is too small
c) The diamond is transparent
d) Rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle

2. The critical angle for a diamond is 24.4o. Then its refractive index is-
a) 2.42
b) 0.413
c) 1
d) 1.413

3. The basic reason for the extraordinary sparkle of suitably cut

diamond is that
a) It has low refractive index
b) It has high transparency
c) It has high refractive index
d) It is very hard

4. A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater

than water. Then the critical angle for total internal reflection will
a) will depend on the nature of the liquid
b) decrease
c) remains the same
d) increase

5. The following diagram shows same diamond cut in two different

shapes.

Page 5 of 10
 The brilliance of diamond in the second diamond will be:

a) less than the first

b) greater than first
c) same as first
d) will depend on the intensity of light

Section – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt
anyone.

17 Two straight infinitely long wires are fixed in space so that the current in the 2
left wire is 2 A and directed out of the plane of the page and the current in
the right wire is 3 A and directed into the plane of the page. In which
region(s) is/are there a point on the x-axis, at which the magnetic field is
equal to zero due to these currents carrying wires? Justify your answer.

18 Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle 2
due to diffraction through single slit.

OR

What should be the width of each slit to obtain n maxima of double slit
pattern within the central maxima of single slit pattern?

19 Deduce an expression for the potential energy of a system of two point 2

charges q1 and q2 located at positions r1 and r2 respectively in an external
⃗)
field (E

OR

Establish the relation between electric field and electric potential at a

point.
Draw the equipotential surface for an electric field pointing in +Z direction
with its magnitude increasing at constant rate along –Z direction

20 Explain with help of circuit diagram, the action of a forward biased p-n 2
junction diode which emits spontaneous radiation. State the least band gap
energy of this diode to have emission in visible region.

Page 6 of 10
21 A coil of wire enclosing an area 100 cm2 is placed with its plane making an 2
angle 600 with the magnetic field of strength 10-1T. What is the flux through
the coil? If magnetic field is reduced to zero in 10-3 s, then find the induced
emf?

22 Two waves from two coherent sources S and S’ superimpose at X as shown 2

in the figure. If X is a point on the second minima and SX – S’X is 4.5 cm.
Calculate the wavelength of the waves.

23 Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped 2
with impurity atoms of Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so
obtained and majority charge carriers in it.

24 Define the terms magnetic inclination and horizontal component of earth’s 2

magnetic field at a place. Establish the relationship between the two with
help of a diagram.
OR

Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is √3 times the

vertical component. What is the value of inclination at that place?

25 Write two characteristics of image formed when an object is placed between 2

the optical centre and focus of a thin convex lens. Draw the graph showing
variation of image distance v with object distance u in this case.

Section -D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt
any one.

26 A rectangular loop which was initially inside the region of uniform and time 3
- independent magnetic field, is pulled out with constant velocity 𝑣 as shown
in the figure.

Page 7 of 10
 a) Sketch the variation of magnetic flux, the induced current, and
power dissipated as Joule heat as function of time.

b) If instead of rectangular loop, circular loop is pulled out; do you

expect the same value of induced current? Justify your answer.
Sketch the variation of flux in this case with time.

27 A variable resistor R is connected across a cell of emf E and internal 3

resistance r.

a) Draw the circuit diagram.

b) Plot the graph showing variation of potential drop across R as
function of R.
c) At what value of R current in circuit will be maximum.

OR

A storage battery is of emf 8V and internal resistance 0.5 ohm is being

charged by d.c supply of 120 V using a resistor of 15.5 ohm

a) Draw the circuit diagram.

b) Calculate the potential difference across the battery.
c) What is the purpose of having series resistance in this circuit?

28 a) Explain de-Broglie argument to propose his hypothesis. Show that de- 3

Broglie wavelength of photon equals electromagnetic radiation.

b) If, deuterons and alpha particle are accelerated through same potential,
find the ratio of the associated de-Broglie wavelengths of two.

OR

State the main implications of observations obtained from various

photoelectric experiments. Can these implications be explained by wave
nature of light? Justify your answer.

Page 8 of 10
29 Derive an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when a 3
hydrogen atom de-excites from level n to level (n – 1). Also show that for
large values of n, this frequency equals to classical frequency of revolution
of an electron.

30 a) Give one point of difference between nuclear fission and nuclear 3

fusion.

b) Suppose we consider fission of a 5626Fe into two equal fragments of

28
13Al nucleus. Is the fission energetically possible? Justify your answer
by working out Q value of the process.
Given (m)5626Fe = 55.93494 u and (m)2813Al = 27.98191

Section – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt
any one.

31 a) State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Show that with help of suitable figure 5
that outward flux due to a point charge Q, in vacuum within gaussian
surface, is independent of its size and shape.

b) In the figure there are three infinite long thin sheets having surface
charge density +2σ, -2σ and +σ respectively. Give the magnitude and
direction of electric field at a point to the left of sheet of charge density
+2σ and to the right of sheet of charge density +σ.

Page 9 of 10
 OR

a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give an example.

b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric
dipole in a uniform electric field. What is net force acting on this
dipole.
c) An electric dipole of length 2cm is placed with its axis making an
angle of 600 with respect to uniform electric field of 105N/C.
If it experiences a torque of 8√3 Nm, calculate the (i) magnitude of
charge on the dipole, and its potential energy.

32 a) Derive the expression for the current flowing in an ideal capacitor 5

and its reactance when connected to an ac source of voltage
V=V0sinωt.
b) Draw its phasor diagram.
c) If resistance is added in series to capacitor what changes will
occur in the current flowing in the circuit and phase angle between
voltage and current.
OR

a) State the principle of ac generator.

b) Explain with the help of a well labelled diagram, its working and
obtain the expression for the emf generated in the coil.
c) Is it possible to generate emf without rotating the coil? Explain

33 a) Define a wave front. 5

b) Draw the diagram to show the shape of plane wave front as they
pass through (i) a thin prism and (ii) a thin convex lens. State the
nature of refracted wave front.
c) Verify Snell’s law of refraction using Huygens’s principle.

OR

a) State two main considerations taken into account while

choosing the objective of astronomical telescope.
b) Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. State its
magnifying power.
c) State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over the
refracting type?

Page 10 of 10
 Sample Question Paper 2021-22
Term 1
Subject: Physics (042)

Time: 90 Minutes Max. Marks 35

General Instructions:

1. The Question Paper contains three sections.

2. Section A has 25 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.

3. Section B has 24 questions. Attempt any20 questions.

4. Section C has 6 questions. Attempt any 5 questions.

5. All questions carry equal marks.

6. There is no negative marking.

SECTION A

This section consists of 25 multiple choice questions with overall choice to

attempt any 20 questions. In case more than desirable numberof questions are
attempted, ONLY first 20 will be considered for evaluation.

Q1.Which of the following is NOT the property of equipotential surface?

(i) They do not cross each other.
(ii) The rate of change of potential with distance on them is zero.
(iii) For a uniform electric field they are concentric spheres.
(iv) They can be imaginary spheres.
Q2. Two point charges +8q and -2q are located at x=0 and x=L respectively.
The point on x axis at which net electric field is zero due to these
charges is-
(i) 8L
(ii) 4L
(iii) 2L
(iv) L
Q3. An electric dipole of moment p is placed parallel to the uniform electric
field. The amount of work done in rotating the dipole by 90 is- 0

(i) 2pE
(ii) pE
(iii) pE/2
(iv) Zero
Q4. Three capacitors 2µF, 3µF and 6µF are joined in series with each other.
The equivalent capacitance is-
(i) 1/2µF
(ii) 1µF
(iii) 2µF
(iv) 11µF
Q5. Two point charges placed in a medium of dielectric constant 5 are at a
distance r between them, experience an electrostatic force ‘F’. The
electrostatic force between them in vacuum at the same distance r will
be-
(i) 5F
(ii) F
(iii) F/2
(iv) F/5
Q6. Which statement is true for Gauss law-
(i) All the charges whether inside or outside the gaussian surface contribute to
the electric flux.
(ii) Electric flux depends upon the geometry of the gaussian surface.
(iii) Gauss theorem can be applied to non-uniform electric field.
(iv) The electric field over the gaussian surface remains continuous and
uniform at every point.

Q7.A capacitor plates are charged by a battery with ‘V’ volts. After charging
battery is disconnected and a dielectric slab with dielectric constant ‘K’
is inserted between its plates, the potential across the plates of a
capacitor will become
(i) Zero
(ii) V/2
(iii) V/K
(iv) KV
Q8.The best instrument for accurate measurement of EMF of a cell is-
(i) Potentiometer
(ii) metre bridge
(iii) Voltmeter
(iv) ammeter and voltmeter
Q9.An electric current is passed through a circuit containing two wires of
same material, connected in parallel. If the lengths and radii of the wires
are in the ratio of 3:2 and 2:3, then the ratio of the current passing
through the wire will be
(i) 2:3
(ii) 3:2
(iii) 8:27
(iv) 27:8
Q10.By increasing the temperature, the specific resistance of a conductor and
a semiconductor-
(i) increases for both.
(ii) decreases for both.
(iii) increases for a conductor and decreases for a semiconductor.
(iv) decreases for a conductor and increases for a semiconductor.
Q11.We use alloys for making standard resistors because they have
(i) low temperature coefficient of resistivity and high specific resistance
(ii) high temperature coefficient of resistivity and low specific resistance
(iii) low temperature coefficient of resistivity and low specific resistance
(iv) high temperature coefficient of resistivity and high specific resistance

Q12. A constant voltage is applied between the two ends of a uniform

metallic wire, heat ‘H’ is developed in it. If another wire of the same
material, double the radius and twice the length as compared to
original wire is used then the heat developed in it will be-

(i) H/2
(ii) H
(iii) 2H
(iv) 4H
Q13.If the potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased
to 2V with its temperature kept constant, the drift velocity of the
free electrons in a conductor will -
(i) remain
emain the same
same.
(ii) become half of its previous value
value.
(iii) be
e double of its initial value
value.
(iv) become zero.

Q14.The equivalent
quivalent resistance between A and B is-

(i) 3 ohms
(ii) 5.5 ohms
(iii) 7.5 ohms
(iv) 9.5 ohms
Q15.. The SI unit of magnetic field intensity is
(i) AmN-1
(ii) NA-1m-1
(iii) NA-2m-2
(iv) NA-1m-2

Q16.The
The coil of a moving coil galvanometer is wound over a metal
frame in order to
(i) reduce hysteresis
(ii) increase sensitivity
(iii) increase moment of inertia
(iv) provide electromagnetic damping
Q17.Two
.Two wires of the same length are shaped into a square of side 'a' and a
circle with radius 'r'. If they carry same current, the ratio of their
magnetic moment is

(i) 2:π
(ii) π :2
(iii) π :4
(iv) 4:π
Q18. The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is √3 times
the vertical component. The angle of dip at that place is
(i) π/6
(ii) π/3
(iii) π/4
(iv) 0

Q19. The small angle between magnetic axis and geographic axis at a
place is-
(i) Magnetic meridian
(ii) Geographic meridian
(iii) Magnetic inclination
(iv) Magnetic Declination

Q20.Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual inductance of
the pair of coils depends upon the
(i) rate at which current change in the two coils
(ii) relative position and orientation of the coils
(iii) rate at which voltage induced across two coils
(iv) currents in the two coils

Q21. A conducting square loop of side 'L' and resistance 'R' moves in its
plane with the uniform velocity 'v' perpendicular to one of its
sides. A magnetic induction 'B' constant in time and space
pointing perpendicular and into the plane of the loop exists
everywhere as shown in the figure. The current induced in the
loop is

(i) BLv/R Clockwise

(ii) BLv/R Anticlockwise
(iii) 2BLv/R Anticlockwise
(iv)Zero
Q22. The magnetic flux linked with the coil (in Weber) is given by
theequation –
Փ = 5t2 + 3t + 16
The induced EMF in the coil at time, t=4 will be-
(i) -27 V
(ii) -43 V
(iii) -108 V
(iv) 210 V
 Q23. Which of the following graphs represent the variation of current(I)
with frequency (f) in an AC circuit containing a pure capacitor?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Q24. A 20 volt AC is applied to a circuit consisting of a resistance and a
coil with negligible resistance. If the voltage across the
resistance is 12 volt, the voltage across the coil is-
(i) 16 V
(ii) 10 V
(iii) 8 V
(iv) 6 V
Q25. The instantaneous values of emf and the current in a series ac
circuit are-
E = Eo Sin ωt and I= Io sin( ωt+π/3) respectively, then it is
(i) Necessarily a RL circuit
(ii) Necessarily a RC circuit
(iii)Necessarily a LCR circuit
(iv) Can be RC or LCR circuit
SECTION B
This section consists of 24 multiple choice questions with overall choice to
attempt any 20 questions. In case more than desirable number of questions
are attempted, ONLY first 20 will be considered for evaluation.

Q26. A cylinder of radius r and length l is placed in an uniform electric field

parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The total flux for the surface of the
cylinder is given by-
(i) zero
(ii) π r2
(iii) E π r2
(iv) )2 Eπ r2
Q27. Two parallel large thin metal sheets have equal surface densities
26.4x10-12 C/m2of opposite signs. The electric field between these
sheets is-
(i) 1.5N/C
(ii) 1.5 x 10-16 N/C
(iii) 3 x 10-10N/C
(iv) 3N/C
Q28. Consider an uncharged conducting sphere. A positive point charge is
placed outside the sphere. The net charge on the sphere is then,
(i) negative and uniformly distributed over the surface of sphere
(ii) positive and uniformly distributed over the surface of sphere
(iii) negative and appears at a point the surface of sphere closest to point
charge.
(iv) Zero
Q29. Three Charges 2q, -q and -q lie at vertices of a triangle. The value of E
and V at centroid of triangle will be-
(i) E#0 and V#0
(ii) E=0 and V=0
(iii) E#0 and V=0
(iv) E=0 and V#0
Q30. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y, have the same area of plates
and same separation between plates. X has air and Y with
dielectric of constant 2 , between its plates. They are connected
in series to a battery of 12 V. The ratio of electrostatic energy
stored in X and Y is-
(i) 4:1
(ii) 1:4
(iii) 2:1
(iv) 1:2
Q31.Which among the following, is not a cause for power loss in a
transformer-

(i) Eddy currents are produced in the soft iron core of a transformer.
(ii) Electric Flux sharing is not properly done in primary and secondary
coils.
 (iii) Humming sound produed in the tranformers due to magnetostriction.
(iv) Primary coil is made up of a very thick copper wire.

Q32.An alternating voltage source of variable angular frequency ‘w’ and fixed
amplitude ‘V’ is connected in series with a capacitance C and electric
bulb of resistance R(inductance zero). When ‘w’ is increased-

(i) The bulb glows dimmer.

(ii) The bulb glows brighter.
(iii) Net impedance of the circuit remains unchanged.
(iv) Total impedance of the circuit increases.

Q33. A solid spherical conductor has charge +Q and radius R. It is surrounded

by a solid spherical shell with charge -Q, innerradius 2R, and outer
radius 3R. Which of the following statements is true?

(i)The electric potential has a maximum magnitude at C and the electric field
has a maximum magnitude at A
(ii) The electric potential has a maximum magnitude at D and the electric field
has a maximum magnitude at B.
(iii) The electric potential at A is zero and the electric field has a maximum
magnitude at D.
(iv). Both the electric potential and electric field achieve a maximum
magnitude at B.
Q34. A battery is connected to the conductor of non-uniform cross section
area. The quantities or quantity which remains constant is-
(i) electric field only
(ii) drift speed and electric field
(iii)electric field and current
 (iv) current only
Q35.. Three resistors having values R1, R2, and R3 are connected in series to a
battery. Suppose R1 carries a current of 2.0 A, R2 has a resistance of 3.0
ohms, and R3 dissipates 6.0 watts of power. Then the voltage across R3
is-
(i) 1V
(ii) 2V
(iii) 3V
(iv) 4V
Q36.A straight line plot showing the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell
as a function of current (I) drawn from it, is shown in the figure. The
internal resistance of the cell would be then-
then
(i) 2.8 ohms
(ii) 1.4 ohms
(iii) 1.2 ohms
(iv) zero

cross-section and 20 Ω resistance is used in

Q37. A 10 m long wire of uniform cross
a potentiometer. The wire is connected in series with a battery of 5 V
along with an external resistance of 480 Ω.. If an unknown emf E is
balanced at 6.0 m length of the wire
wire,, then the value of unknown emf is
is-

(i) 1.2 V
(ii) 1.02 V
(iii) 0.2 V
 (iv) 0.12 V

Q38.The current sensitivity of a galvanometer increases by 20%. If its

resistance also increases by 25%, the voltage sensitivity will
(i ) decrease by 1%
(ii) increased by 5%
(iii) increased by 10%
(iv ) decrease by 4%

Q39. Three infinitely long parallel straight current carrying wires A, B and C are
kept at equal distance from each other as shown in the figure . The wire
C experiences net force F .The net force on wire C, when the current in
wire A is reversed will be
(i) Zero
(ii) F/2
(iii) F
(iv) 2F

Q40. In a hydrogen atom the electron moves in an orbit of radius 0.5 A o

making 10 revolutions per second, the magnetic moment associated

with the orbital motion of the electron will be

(i) 2.512 x 10-38 Am2

(ii) 1.256 x 10-38 Am2
(iii) 0.628 X10-38 Am2
(iv) zero

Q41. An air-cored solenoid with length 30 cm, area of cross-section 25 cm and 2

number of turns 800, carries a current of 2.5 A. The current is suddenly

switched off in a brief time of 10-3s. Ignoring the variation in magnetic
field near the ends of the solenoid, the average back emf induced across
the ends of the open switch in the circuit would be
(i) zero
(ii)3.125 volts
 (iii) 6.54 volts
(iv) 16.74 volts

Q42. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied

to a series LCR circuit in which R = 3 Ω, L = 25.48 mH, and C = 796 µF,
then the power dissipated at the resonant condition will be-
(i)39.70 kW
(ii) 26.70 kW
(iii)13.35 kW
(iv)Zero
Q43. A circular loop of radius 0.3cm lies parallel to much bigger circular of
radius 20 cm. The centre of the small loop is on the axis of the bigger
loop. The distance between their centres is 15 cm. If a current of 2.0 A
flows through the smaller loop, then the flux linked with the bigger loop
is

(i) 3.3 X 10-11weber

(ii) 6 X 10-11weber

(iii) 6.6 X 10-9weber

(iv) 9.1 X 10-11weber

Q44.If both the number of turns and core length of an inductor is doubled
keeping other factorsconstant, then its self-inductance will be-

(i) Unaffected
(ii) doubled
(iii) halved
(iv) quadrupled

45. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R)

Assertion (A): To increase the range of an ammeter, we must connect

a suitable high resistance in series to it.

Reason (R): The ammeter with increased range should have high resistance.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii)A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false and R is also false.

46. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R)

Assertion (A): An electron has a high potential energy when it is at a location

associated with a more negative value of potential, and a low potential
energy when at a location associated with a more positive potential.

Reason (R):Electrons move from a region of higher potential to region of lower

potential.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii)A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false and R is also false.

47. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R)

Assertion(A): A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane, orients itself

(with its axis) vertical at the poles of the earth.

Reason (R): At the poles of the earth the horizontal component of earth’s
magnetic field will be zero.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii)A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false and R is also false.

48. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R)
 Assertion(A): A proton and an electron, with same momenta, enter in a magnetic
field in a direction at right angles to the lines of the force. The radius of
the paths followed by them will be same.

Reason(R): Electron has less mass than the proton.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii)A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false and R is also false.

49. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R)

Assertion (A):On Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer by

increasing the number of turns, may not necessarily increase its
voltage sensitivity.

Reason(R ): The resistance of the coil of the galvanometer increases on

increasing the number of turns.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii)A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false and R is also false.

SECTION C

This section consists of 6 multiple choice questions with an overall choice

to attempt any 5. In case more than desirable number of questions are
attempted, ONLY first 5 will be considered for evaluation.

Q50. A small object with charge q and weight mg is attached to one end of a
string of length ‘L’ attached to a stationary support. The system is
placed in a uniform horizontal electric field ‘E’, as shown in the
accompanying figure. In the presence of the field, the string makes a
constant angle θ with the vertical. The sign and magnitude of q-
(i) positive with magnitude mg/E
(ii) positive with magnitude (mg/E)tanθ
 (iii) negative with magnitude mg/E tanθ
(iv) positive with magnitude E tanθ/mg

Q51.A free electron and a free proton are placed between two oppositely
charged parallel plates. Both are closer to the positive plate than the
negative plate.

Which of the following statements is true?

I. The force on the proton is greater than the force on the electron.
II. The potential energy of the proton is greater than that of the electron.
III. The potential energy of the proton and the electron is the same.
(i) I only
(ii) II only
(iii) III and I only
(iv)II and I only

Case study :
Read the following paragraph and answers the questions:

The large-scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over long

distances is done with the use of transformers. The voltage output of the
generator is stepped-up. It is then transmitted over long distances to an area
sub-station near the consumers. There the voltage is stepped down. It is
further stepped down at distributing sub-stations and utility poles before a
power supply of 240 V reaches our homes.
Q52. Which of the following statement is true?
(i) Energy is created when a transformer steps up the voltage
(ii) A transformer is designed to convert an AC voltage to DC voltage
(iii) Step–up transformer increases the power for transmission
(iv) Step–down transformer decreases the AC voltage

Q53. If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary,
(i) the voltage is stepped-up (Vs >Vp ) and arrangement is called a step-up
transformer
(ii) the voltage is stepped-down (Vs <Vp ) and arrangement is called a step-
down transformer
(iii) the current is stepped-up (Is >Ip ) and arrangement is called a step-up
transformer
(iv) the current is stepped-down (Is <Ip ) and arrangement is called a step-
down transformer
Q54. We need to step-up the voltage for power transmission, so that
(i) the current is reduced and consequently, the I2R loss is cut down
(ii) the voltage is increased , the power losses are also increased
(iii) the power is increased before transmission is done
(iv) the voltage is decreased so V2/R losses are reduced
Q55. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300 V to a step down
transformer with its primary windings having 4000 turns. The number of
turns in the secondary in order to get output power at 230 V are
(i) 4
(ii) 40
(iii) 400
(iv) 4000
 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
CLASS XII
PHYSICS THEORY
TERM II
SESSION 2021 - 22
MM : 35 TIME : 2 Hours
General Instructions:

(i) There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(ii) This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
(iii) Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight questions
of three marks each, Section C contains one case study-based question of five marks.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
of two marks and two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
(v) You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION A

Q1. In a pure semiconductor crystal of Si, if antimony is added then what type of extrinsic semiconductor
is obtained. Draw the energy band diagram of this extrinsic semiconductor so formed.
Q2. Consider two different hydrogen atoms. The electron in each atom is in an excited state. Is it
possible for the electrons to have different energies but same orbital angular momentum according
to the Bohr model? Justify your answer.
OR
Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted in a
photocell vary if the frequency of incident radiation is doubled, but keeping the intensity same?
Show the graphical variation in the above two cases.
Q3. Name the device which converts the change in intensity of illumination to change in electric current
flowing through it. Plot I-V characteristics of this device for different intensities. State any two
applications of this device.
SECTION B
Q4. Derive an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when a hydrogen atom de-excites
from level n to level (n – 1). Also show that for large values of n, this frequency equals to classical
frequency of revolution of an electron.
Q5. Explain with a proper diagram how an ac signal can be converted into dc ( pulsating)signal with
output frequency as double than the input frequency using pn junction diode. Give its input and
output waveforms.
Q6. How long can an electric lamp of 100 W be kept glowing by fusion of 2 kg of deuterium?
Take the fusion reaction as

H + H → He + n + 3.27 MeV
Q7. Define wavefront. Draw the shape of refracted wavefront when the plane incident wave undergoes
refraction from optically denser medium to rarer medium. Hence prove Snell’s law of refraction.
Q8. (a) Draw a ray diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at least distance of
distinct vision?
(b) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an objective of focal length 1.25 cm and an
eye piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound microscope for the final
image formed at least distance of distinct vision?
OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram of Astronomical Telescope for the final image formed at infinity.
(b) A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140 cm and an eyepiece of focal
length 5.0 cm. Find the magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant objects when
(i) the telescope is in normal adjustment,
(ii) the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision.
Q9. Light of wavelength 2000 Å falls on a metal surface of work function 4.2 eV.
(a) What is the kinetic energy (in eV) of the fastest electrons emitted from the surface?
(b) What will be the change in the energy of the emitted electrons if the intensity of light with
same wavelength is doubled?
(c) If the same light falls on another surface of work function 6.5 eV, what will be the energy of
emitted electrons?
Q10. The focal length of a convex lens made of glass of refractive index (1.5) is 20 cm.
What will be its new focal length when placed in a medium of refractive index 1.25 ?
Is focal length positive or negative? What does it signify?
Q11. (a) Name the e.m. waves which are suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation. Write
the range of frequency of these waves.
(b) If the Earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or
lower than what it is now? Explain.
(c) An e.m. wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify.
OR

(a) "If the slits in Young's double slit experiment are identical, then intensity at any point on the
screen may vary between zero and four times to the intensity due to single slit".
Justify the above statement through a relevant mathematical expression.
(b) Draw the intensity distribution as function of phase angle when diffraction of light takes
place through coherently illuminated single slit.

Q12. CASE STUDY: MIRAGE IN DESERTS

To a distant observer, the light appears to be coming from somewhere below the ground. The observer
naturally assumes that light is being reflected from the ground, say, by a pool of water near the tall
object.
Such inverted images of distant tall objects cause an optical illusion to the observer. This phenomenon
is called mirage. This type of mirage is especially common in hot deserts.
Based on the above facts, answer the following questions:

(a) Which of the following phenomena is prominently involved in the formation of mirage in 1
deserts?
(i) Refraction, Total internal Reflection (ii) Dispersion and Refraction
(iii) Dispersion and scattering of light (iv) Total internal Reflection and diffraction.
(b) A diver at a depth 12 m inside water aμω = sees the sky in a cone of semi- vertical angle 1

(i) sin (ii) tan

(iii) sin (iv) 90°
(c) In an optical fibre, if n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the core and cladding, then which 1
among the following, would be a correct equation?
(i) n1 < n2 (ii) n1 = n2
(iii) n1 << n2 (iv) n1 > n2

(d) A diamond is immersed in such a liquid which has its refractive index with respect to air as 1
greater than the refractive index of water with respect to air. Then the critical angle of
diamond-liquid interface as compared to critical angle of diamond -water interface will
(i) depend on the nature of the liquid only (ii) decrease
(iii) remain the same (iv) increase.

(e) The following figure shows a cross-section of a ‘light pipe’ made of a glass fiber of refractive 1
index 1.68. The outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What
is the range of the angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for the following
phenomena to occur.
(i) 0 < 𝑖 < 90° (ii) 0 < 𝑖 < 60°
(iii) 0 < 𝑖 < 45° (iv) 0 < 𝑖 < 30°
 Class: XII
SESSION : 2022-2023
CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (THEORY)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Maximum Marks: 70 Marks Time Allowed: 3 hours.

General Instructions:

(1) There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E. All the sections are compulsory.
(3) Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions
of two marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, section D
contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case study
based questions of 4 marks each.
(4) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section
B, C, D and E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A

Q. MARKS

NO.

1 According to Coulomb's law, which is the correct relation for the 1

following figure?

(i) q1 q2> 0
(ii) q1 q2<0
(iii) q1 q2 =0
(iv) 1> q1/ q2 > 0

2 The electric potential on the axis of an electric dipole at a distance 1

‘r from it’s centre is V. Then the potential at a point at the same
distance on its equatorial line will be
(i) 2V
(ii) -V
(iii) V/2
(iv) Zero
3 The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity of materials A and 1
material B is represented by fig (i) and fig (ii) respectively.
Identify material A and material B.

(i) material A is copper and material B is germanium

(ii) material A is germanium and material B is copper
(iii) material A is nichrome and material B is germanium
(iv) material A is copper and material B is nichrome

4 Two concentric and coplanar circular loops P and Q have their 1

radii in the ratio 2:3. Loop Q carries a current 9 A in the
anticlockwise direction. For the magnetic field to be zero at the
common centre, loop P must carry
(i) 3A in clockwise direction
(ii) 9A in clockwise direction
(iii) 6 A in anti-clockwise direction
(iv) 6 A in the clockwise direction.

5 A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius a carries a 1

steady current I. The current is uniformly distributed across its
cross section. The ratio of the magnitudes of magnetic field at a
point distant a/2 above the surface of wire to that at a point distant
a/2 below its surface is
(i) 4 :1
(ii) 1:1
(iii) 4: 3
(iv) 3 :4

6 If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, 1

its permeability
(i) decreases
(ii) increases
(iii) remains unchanged
(iv) first decreases and then increases
7 An iron cored coil is connected in series with an electric bulb with 1
an AC source as shown in figure. When iron piece is taken out of
the coil, the brightness of the bulb will

(i) decrease
(ii) increase
(iii) remain unaffected
(iv) fluctuate

8 Which of the following statement is NOT true about the properties 1

of electromagnetic waves?
(I) These waves do not require any material medium for their
propagation
(ii) Both electric and magnetic field vectors attain the maxima and
minima at the same time
(iii) The energy in electromagnetic wave is divided equally between
electric and magnetic fields
(iv) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other

9 A rectangular, a square, a circular and an elliptical loop, all in the 1

(x-y) plane, are moving out of a uniform magnetic field with a
constant velocity 𝑣⃗ = v𝚤̂.The magnetic field is directed along the
negative z-axis direction. The induced emf, during the passage of
these loops, out of the field region, will not remain constant for
(i) any of the four loops
(ii) the circular and elliptical loops
(iii) the rectangular, circular and elliptical loops
(iv) only the elliptical loops
10 In a Young’s double slit experiment, the path difference at a certain 1
𝟏
point on the screen between two interfering waves is th of the
𝟖
wavelength. The ratio of intensity at this point to that at the centre
of a bright fringe is close to
(i) 0.80
(ii) 0.74
(iii) 0.94
(iv) 0.85

11 The work function for a metal surface is 4.14 eV. The threshold 1
wavelength for this metal surface is:
(i) 4125 Å
(ii) 2062.5 Å
(iii) 3000 Å
(iv) 6000 Å

12 The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 1

5.3×10–11 m. The radius of the n =3 orbit is

(i) 1.01 x 10-10m

(ii) 1.59 X 10-10m

(iii) 2.12 x 10-10m

(iv) 4.77 X 10-10m

13 Which of the following statements about nuclear forces is not 1

true?
(i) The nuclear force between two nucleons falls rapidly to zero as
their distance is more than a few femtometres.
(ii) The nuclear force is much weaker than the Coulomb force.
(iii) The force is attractive for distances larger than 0.8 fm and
repulsive if they are separated by distances less than 0.8 fm.
(iv) The nuclear force between neutron-neutron, proton-neutron
and proton-proton is approximately the same.

14 If the reading of the voltmeter V1 is 40 V, then the reading of 1

voltmeter V2 is
 (i) 30 V (ii) 58 V (iii) 29 V (iv) 15 V

15 The electric potential V as a function of distance X is shown in the 1

figure.

The graph of the magnitude of electric field intensity E as a

function of X is

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

16 Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of
A
 c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false

ASSERTION(A):
The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases on doping.
REASON:
Doping always increases the number of electrons in the
semiconductor.

17 Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the 1

other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of
A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false

ASSERTION:
In an interference pattern observed in Young's double slit experiment,
if the separation (d) between coherent sources as well as the distance
(D) of the screen from the coherent sources both are reduced to 1/3 rd,
then new fringe width remains the same.
REASON:
Fringe width is proportional to (d/D).

18 Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the 1

other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
Assertion(A) :
The photoelectrons produced by a monochromatic light beam incident
on a metal surface have a spread in their kinetic energies.
Reason(R) :
 The energy of electrons emitted from inside the metal surface, is lost
in collision with the other atoms in the metal.

SECTION B

19 Electromagnetic waves with wavelength 2

(i) λ1 is suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(ii) λ2 is used to kill germs in water purifiers.
(iii) λ3 is used to improve visibility in runways during fog and mist
conditions.
Identify and name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which these
radiations belong.Also arrange these wavelengths in ascending order of their
magnitude.

20 A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in figure when two 2

specimens A and B are placed in it.

(i)Identify the specimen A and B.

(ii) How is the magnetic susceptibility of specimen A different from
that of specimen B?

21 What is the nuclear radius of 125Fe ,if that of 27 Al is 3.6 fermi?. 2

OR

The short wavelength limit for the Lyman series of the hydrogen
spectrum is 913.4 A0. Calculate the short wavelength limit for the
Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum.

22 2
A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25
is immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a
converging or a diverging lens? Justify your answer.
23 The figure shows a piece of pure semiconductor S in series with a 2
variable resistor R and a source of constant voltage V. Should the value
of R be increased or decreased to keep the reading of the ammeter
constant, when semiconductor S is heated? Justify your answer

OR

The graph of potential barrier versus width of depletion region for an

unbiased diode is shown in graph A. In comparison to A ,graphs B and
C are obtained after biasing the diode in different ways .Identify the
type of biasing in B and C and justify your answer.

24 2
A narrow slit is illuminated by a parallel beam of monochromatic light
of wavelength λ equal to 6000 Å and the angular width of the central
maximum in the resulting diffraction pattern is measured. When the slit
is next illuminated by light of wavelength λ’, the angular width
decreases by 30%. Calculate the value of the wavelength λ’.

25
Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On
their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite
signs and of magnitude 17.7 × 10-22 C/m2. What is electric field intensity
E:

(a) in the outer region of the first plate, and

(b) between the plates?

SECTION C

26 Two long straight parallel conductors carrying currents I 1 and I2 are 3

separated by a distance d. If the currents are flowing in the same
direction, show how the magnetic field produced by one exerts an
attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression for this force and
hence define 1 ampere.

27. The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire, 12cm in radius and 3
8.5Ω resistance, changes with time as shown in the figure. The
magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Calculate the
current induced in the loop and plot a graph showing induced current
as a function of time.

28 An a.c. source generating a voltage ε = ε0 sin ωt is connected to a 3

capacitor of capacitance C. Find the expression for the current I flowing
through it. Plot a graph of ε and I versus t to show that the current is
ahead of the voltage by π/2.
OR
An ac voltage V = V0 sin t is applied across a pure inductor of
inductance L. Find an expression for the current i, flowing in the circuit
and show mathematically that the current flowing through it lags behind

the applied voltage by a phase angle of . Also draw graphs of V and
2
i versus t for the circuit.

29 Radiation of frequency 1015 Hz is incident on three photosensitive 3

surfaces A, B and C. Following observations are recorded:
Surface A: no photoemission occurs
Surface B: photoemission occurs but the photoelectrons have zero
kinetic energy.
 Surface C: photo emission occurs and photoelectrons have some
kinetic energy.
Using Einstein’s photo-electric equation, explain the three
observations.
OR

The graph shows the variation of photocurrent for a

photosensitive metal

(a)What does X and A on the horizontal axis represent?

(b)Draw this graph for three different values of frequencies of incident
radiation ʋ1, ʋ 2 and ʋ 3 (ʋ 3>ʋ 2>ʋ1) for the same intensity.
(c) Draw this graph for three different values of intensities of incident
radiation I1, I2 and I3 (I3> I2>I1) having the same frequency.

30 The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. The photon 3
emitted during the transition of electron from n=3 to n=1 state, is
incident on a photosensitive material of unknown work function .The
photoelectrons are emitted from the material with the maximum kinetic
energy of 9eV.Calculate the threshold wavelength of the material used.

SECTION D

31 (a)Draw equipotential surfaces for (i)an electric dipole and (ii) two 5
identical positive charges placed near each other.
(b) In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each
plate has an area of 6 x 10-3m2 and the separation between the
plates is 3 mm.
(i) Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
(ii) If the capacitor is connected to 100V supply, what would be the
the charge on each plate?
(iii) How would charge on the plate be affected if a 3 mm thick mica
sheet of k=6 is inserted between the plates while the voltage supply
remains connected ?.
 OR
(a)Three charges –q, Q and –q are placed at equal distances on a
straight line. If the potential energy of the system of these charges
is zero, then what is the ratio Q:q?
(b)(i) Obtain the expression for the electric field intensity due to a
uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R at a point distant r from
the centre of the shell outside it.
(ii) Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field intensity E
with r, for r > R and r < R.

32 (a) Explain the term drift velocity of electrons in a conductor .Hence 5

obtain the expression for the current through a conductor in terms
of drift velocity.

(b) Two cells of emfs E1 and E2 and internal resistances 𝑟 and 𝑟

respectively are connected in parallel as shown in the figure.
Deduce the expression for the
(i) equivalent emf of the combination
(ii) equivalent internal resistance of the combination
(iii) potential difference between the points A and B.

OR

(a) State the two Kirchhoff’s rules used in the analysis of

electric circuits and explain them.
(b) Derive the equation of the balanced state in a Wheatstone
bridge using Kirchhoff’s laws.

33 a) Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with 5

phase angle due to diffraction through a single slit. What is
the width of the central maximum in comparison to that of a
secondary maximum?
b) A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a
 triangular prism of refracting angle 60 0 as shown in figure.
The prism is made of a transparent material of refractive
index . Trace the path of the ray as it passes through
√
the prism. Calculate the angle of emergence and the
angle of deviation.

OR
a) Write two points of difference between an interference
pattern
and a diffraction pattern.
b) (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass
prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°. Calculate the
speed of light through the prism.

(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the

emergent ray grazes along the face AC.

SECTION E
34 Case Study :
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A number of optical devices and instruments have been
designed and developed such as periscope, binoculars,
microscopes and telescopes utilising the reflecting and refracting
properties of mirrors, lenses and prisms. Most of them are in
common use. Our knowledge about the formation of images by
the mirrors and lenses is the basic requirement for
understanding the working of these devices.
(i) Why the image formed at infinity is often considered most
suitable for viewing. Explain
(ii) In modern microscopes multicomponent lenses are used for
both the objective and the eyepiece. Why?
(iii) Write two points of difference between a compound
microscope and an astronomical telescope
OR
(iii) Write two distinct advantages of a reflecting type telescope
over a refracting type telescope.

35 Case study: Light emitting diode.

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions

LED is a heavily doped P-N junction which under forward bias emits
spontaneous radiation. When it is forward biased, due to recombination of
holes and electrons at the junction, energy is released in the form of
photons. In the case of Si and Ge diode, the energy released in
recombination lies in the infrared region. LEDs that can emit red, yellow,
orange, green and blue light are commercially available. The
semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LEDs must at least have a
band gap of 1.8 eV. The compound semiconductor Gallium Arsenide –
Phosphide is used for making LEDs of different colours.
LEDs of different kinds

(i). Why are LEDs made of compound semiconductor and not of elemental
semiconductors?
(ii) What should be the order of bandgap of an LED, if it is required
to emit light in the visible range?
(iii) A student connects the blue coloured LED as shown in the figure.
The LED did not glow when switch S is closed. Explain why ?

OR
(iii) Draw V-I characteristic of a p-n junction diode in
(i) forward bias and (ii) reverse bias
 CLASS : XII

SESSION: 2023-24

CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

SUBJECT: PHYSICS (THEORY)

Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours.

General Instructions:

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section
D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝐴−1
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝐶 2 𝑁 −1 𝑚−2
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole

SECTION-A
1. 1. Which of the following is not the property of an equipotential surface?
(a) They do not cross each other.
(b) The work done in carrying a charge from one point to another on an
equipotential surface is zero.
(c ) For a uniform electric field, they are concentric spheres.
(d) They can be imaginary spheres.

2. 2. An electric dipole placed in an electric field of intensity 2 × 105 N/C at an angle of

30° experiences a torque equal to 4 Nm. The charge on the dipole of dipole length
2 cm is
(a) 7 µC (b) 8 mC (c) 2 mC (d) 5 mC

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3. 3. A metallic plate exposed to white light emits electrons. For which of the following
colours of light, the stopping potential will be maximum?
(a) Blue (b) Yellow (c) Red (d) Violet

4. 4. When alpha particles are sent through a thin gold foil, most of them go straight
through the foil, because
(a) alpha particles are positively charged
(b) the mass of an alpha particle is more than the mass of an electron
(c) most of the part of an atom is empty space
(d) alpha particles move with high velocity

5. A An electron is moving along positive x-axis in a magnetic field which is parallel to

the positive y-axis. In what direction will the magnetic force be acting on the
electron?
(a) Along -x axis (b) Along -z axis
(c ) Along +z axis (d) Along -y axis

6. The relative permeability of a substance X is slightly less than unity and that of
substance Y is slightly more than unity, then
(a) X is paramagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(b) X is diamagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(c) X and Y both are paramagnetic
(d) X is diamagnetic and Y is paramagnetic

7. An ammeter of resistance 0.81 ohm reads up to 1 A. The value of the

required shunt to increase the range to 10 A is
(a) 0.9 ohm (b ) 0.09 ohm (c) 0.03 ohm (d) 0.3 ohm

8.A An electron with angular momentum L moving around the nucleus has a
magnetic moment given by
(a) e L/ 2m (b) e L/3m (c) e L /4m (d) e L / m

9. 9. The large scale transmission of electrical energy over long distances is done with
the use of transformers. The voltage output of the generator is stepped-up because
of
(a) reduction of current (b) reduction of current and voltage both
(c) power loss is cut down (d) a and c both

10. The diagram below shows the electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) components
of an electromagnetic wave at a certain time and location.

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 The direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is
(a) perpendicular to E and B and out of plane of the paper
(b) perpendicular to E and B and into the plane of the paper
(c) parallel and in the same direction as E
(d) parallel and in the same direction as B
11. In a coil of resistance 100  a current is induced by changing the magnetic
flux through it. The variation of current with time is as shown in the figure. The
magnitude of change in flux through coil is

(a) 200 Wb (b) 275 Wb (c) 225 Wb (d) 250 Wb

12. The energy of an electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom is En= - 13.6/𝑛2 𝑒𝑉.The
negative sign of energy indicates that
(a) electron is free to move.
(b) electron is bound to the nucleus.
(c) kinetic energy of electron is equal to potential energy of electron.
(d) atom is radiating energy.
For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of
Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

13. Assertion (A): For the radiation of a frequency greater than the threshold frequency,
photoelectric current is proportional to the intensity of the radiation.
Reason (R) : Greater the number of energy quanta available, greater is the
number of electrons absorbing the energy quanta and greater
is number of electrons coming out of the metal.
14. Assertion (A) : Putting p type semiconductor slab directly in physical contact
with n type semiconductor slab cannot form the pn junction.
Reason (R) : The roughness at contact will be much more than inter atomic
crystal spacing and continuous flow of charge carriers is not
possible.

P a g e 3 | 10
15. Assertion (A) : An electron has a higher potential energy when it is at a location
associated with a negative value of potential and has a lower
potential energy when at a location associated with a positive
potential.
Reason (R) : Electrons move from a region of higher potential to a region of
lower potential.
16. Assertion (A) : Propagation of light through an optical fibre is due to total
internal reflection taking place at the core-cladding interface.
Reason (R): Refractive index of the material of the cladding of the optical fibre
is greater than that of the core.

SECTION-B
17. (a) Name the device which utilizes unilateral action of a pn diode to convert
ac into dc.
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier.

18. The wavelength λ of a photon and the de Broglie wavelength of an electron of mass
m have the same value. Show that the energy of the photon is 2λmc/h times the
kinetic energy of the electron, where c and h have their usual meanings.

19. A ray of monochromatic light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a
way that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these
angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism. Determine the angle of deviation and the
refractive index of the glass prism.

20. A heating element using nichrome connected to a 230 V supply draws an initial
current of 3.2 A which settles after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.8 A. What
is the steady temperature of the heating element if the room temperature is 27.0 °C
and the temperature coefficient of resistance of nichrome is 1.70 × 10 –4 °C–1 ?

21. Show that the least possible distance between an object and its real image in a
convex lens is 4f, where f is the focal length of the lens.

OR

In an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment a straight black line of length L is

drawn on the objective lens. The eyepiece forms a real image of this line whose
length is 𝑙. What is the angular magnification of the telescope?
SECTION-C
22. A given coin has a mass of 3.0 g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required
to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other. For simplicity assume that
the coin is entirely made of 63
29𝐶𝑢 atoms (of mass 62.92960 u).
Given mp = 1.007825u and mn = 1.008665u.

P a g e 4 | 10
 23. Charges (+q) and (–q) are placed at the points A and B respectively which are a
distance 2L apart. C is the midpoint between A and B. What is the work done in
moving a charge +Q along the semicircle CRD.

24. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of the hydrogen atom is
about –3.4 eV.
a. What is the kinetic energy of the electron in this state?
b. What is the potential energy of the electron in this state?
c. Which of the answers above would change if the choice of the zero of potential
energy is changed?

25. A wire of uniform cross-section and resistance 4 ohm is bent in the shape of square
ABCD. Point A is connected to a point P on DC by a wire AP of resistance 1 ohm.
When a potential difference is applied between A and C, the points B and P are seen
to be at the same potential. What is the resistance of the part DP?

26. The given figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-section (radius a)
carrying steady current I. The current I is uniformly distributed across this cross-
section. Calculate the magnetic field in the region r < a and r > a.

27. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which:

a) produces heating effect,
b) is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere,
c) is used for studying crystal structure.

Write any one method of the production of each of the above radiations.

28. a. Define mutual inductance and write its SI unit.

P a g e 5 | 10
 b. Two circular loops, one of small radius r and other of larger radius R, such that
R >> r, are placed coaxially with centres coinciding. Obtain the mutual inductance of
the arrangement.
OR
Two long straight parallel current carrying conductors are kept ‘a’ distant apart in air.
The direction of current in both the conductors is same. Find the magnitude of force
per unit length and direction of the force between them. Hence define one ampere.
SECTION-D
Case Study Based Questions
29. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
A semiconductor diode is basically a pn junction with metallic contacts provided at
the ends for the application of an external voltage. It is a two terminal device. When
an external voltage is applied across a semiconductor diode such that p-side is
connected to the positive terminal of the battery and n-side to the negative terminal,
it is said to be forward biased. When an external voltage is applied across the diode
such that n-side is positive and p-side is negative, it is said to be reverse biased.
An ideal diode is one whose resistance in forward biasing is zero and the resistance
is infinite in reverse biasing. When the diode is forward biased, it is found that
beyond forward voltage called knee voltage, the conductivity is very high. When the
biasing voltage is more than the knee voltage the potential barrier is overcome and
the current increases rapidly with increase in forward voltage. When the diode is
reverse biased, the reverse bias voltage produces a very small current about a few
microamperes which almost remains constant with bias. This small current is
reverse saturation current.
i. In the given figure, a diode D is connected to an external resistance R = 100  and
an emf of 3.5 V. If the barrier potential developed across the diode is 0.5 V, the
current in the circuit will be:

(a) 40 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 35 mA (d) 30 mA

ii. In which of the following figures, the pn diode is reverse biased?

(a) (b) (c) +5V
(d) +10V
–12V
R R
R +5V R

– 10V
– 5V

iii. Based on the V-I characteristics of the diode, we can classify diode as
(a) bilateral device (b) ohmic device
(c) non-ohmic device (d) passive element

P a g e 6 | 10
 OR

Two identical PN junctions can be connected in series by three different methods

as shown in the figure. If the potential difference in the junctions is the same, then
the correct connections will be

P N N P P N P N N P N P

+ – + – + –

1 2 3

(a) in the circuits (1) and (2) (b) in the circuits (2) and (3)
(c) in the circuits (1) and (3) (d) only in the circuit (1)

iv.

The V-I characteristic of a diode is shown in the figure. The ratio of the resistance
of the diode at I = 15 mA to the resistance at V = -10 V is
(a) 100 (b) 106 (c) 10 (d) 10-6

30. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

Types of Lenses and their combination

A convex or converging lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges. It converges
a beam of light on refraction through it. It has a real focus. Convex lens is of three
types: Double convex lens, Plano convex lens and Concavo-convex lens.

Concave lens is thinner at the centre than at the edges. It diverges a beam of
light on refraction through it. It has a virtual focus. Concave lenses are of three types:
Double concave lens, Plano concave lens and Convexo-concave lens.

When two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 are placed in contact with each other
along their common principal axis, then the two lens system is regarded as a single
lens of focal length f and

P a g e 7 | 10
 1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑓1 𝑓2
If several thin lenses of focal length f1, f2, .... fn are placed in contact, then the
effective focal length of the combination is given by
1 1 1 1
= + + ..... +
f f1 f 2 fn
and in terms of power, we can write
P = P1 + P2 + .... + Pn
The value of focal length and power of a lens must be used with proper sign
consideration.

i. Two thin lenses are kept coaxially in contact with each other and the focal length of
the combination is 80 cm. If the focal length of one lens is 20 cm, the focal length of
the other would be
(a) -26.7cm (b) 60cm (c) 80cm (d) 30cm

ii. A spherical air bubble is embedded in a piece of glass. For a ray of light
passing through the bubble, it behaves like a
(a) converging lens
(b) diverging lens
(c) mirror
(d) thin plane sheet of glass

iii. Lens generally used in magnifying glass is

(a) single concave lens
(b) single convex lens
(c) combination of convex lens of lower power and concave lens of lower focal
length
(d) Planoconcave lens

iv. The magnification of an image by a convex lens is positive only when the
object is placed
(a) at its focus F
(b) between F and 2F
(c) at 2F
(d) between F and optical centre

OR
A convex lens of 20 cm focal length forms a real image which is three times
magnified. The distance of the object from the lens is
(a) 13.33 cm (b) 14 cm (c) 26.66 cm (d) 25 cm

P a g e 8 | 10
 SECTION-E
31. i. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image of a point object by a thin double
convex lens having radii of curvature R1 and R2. Hence derive lens maker’s formula.
ii A converging lens has a focal length of 10 cm in air. It is made of a material of
refractive index 1.6. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, find its new
focal length.

OR
i. Define a wavefront. How is it different from a ray?
ii. Using Huygens’s construction of secondary wavelets draw a diagram showing the
passage of a plane wavefront from a denser to a rarer medium. Using it verify Snell’s
law.
iii. In a double slit experiment using light of wavelength 600nm and the angular width of
the fringe formed on a distant screen is 0.1°. Find the spacing between the two slits.
iv. Write two differences between interference pattern and diffraction pattern.
32. i. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air present
between the two plates.
ii. Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network shown in figure. For a 300 V supply,
determine the charge on each capacitor.

OR

i. A dielectric slab of thickness 't’ is kept between the plates of a parallel plate
capacitor with plate separation 'd' (t < d). Derive the expression for the capacitance
of the capacitor.
ii. A capacitor of capacity 𝐶1 is charged to the potential of 𝑉𝑜 . On disconnecting with the
battery, it is connected with an uncharged capacitor of capacity 𝐶2 as shown in the
adjoining figure. Find the ratio of energies before and after the connection of switch 𝑆.

P a g e 9 | 10
33.a. Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
with frequency of applied ac source.
b. Draw the phasor diagram for a series LRC circuit connected to an AC source.

c. When an alternating voltage of 220V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25A

flows which lags behind the applied voltage in phase by π/2 radian. If the same
voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current flows but now it is in
phase with the applied voltage.
(i) Name the devices X and Y.
(ii) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied
across the series combination of X and Y.

OR
a. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive
the expression for the impedance of the circuit.
b. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the ac source ,
explaining the nature of its variation for two different resistances R1 and R2 (R1< R2)
at resonance.

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