ARBT05

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5: ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM:

MARKET ANALYSIS ON EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE
CONCRETE WALL PANELS

In partial fulfilment for the requirement in the degree of Bachelor of Science

In Architecture

Submitted to:

Ar. JOHN ANDRIE DELA CRUZ III

Submitted by:

De Guzman Begie Wagne R.

TUPM-19-5075
Limbo, Roan Alexis S.
TUPM-20-8042
Saylon, Efraine Andrea D.
TUPM-20-9704
Valenzuela, John Kendrick L.
TUPM-20-9574

BSA-4E
 I. PROBLEMS AND NEEDS
A. Supply and Demand
The demand for construction services in the Philippines has consistently grown over
the years, leading to advancements in construction methods and the establishment of various
infrastructure projects, ranging from semiconductor facilities and hotels to warehouses.
While each construction project is unique, the paramount requirement is ensuring that
buildings are well-constructed, as errors can prove to be not only costly but also potentially
fatal.

The construction and building industry in the Philippines are flourishing, driven by
government initiatives that fuel the demand for construction activities. This, in turn,
positively influences the growth of the structural insulated panels market in the country. The
increasing need for well-built structures is further accentuated by the challenges posed by
frequent flooding in the Philippines, prompting a greater demand for prefabricated homes
and buildings.

According to an industry report published by Procore Technologies, Inc. in February

2022, a survey conducted in several Asia Pacific countries found that 98% of the 259
construction consultancy firms in the Philippines were optimistic about the construction
sector's conditions in the coming year. 26% of the same respondents said their businesses
already use construction technology, while 56% are open to a digital upgrade.

Furthermore, this report indicates that 65% of respondents from the Philippines
increased their digital investments in the previous 24 months of the year. There has been a
notable influx of technology-based companies into the Philippine construction sector. The
prefabricated and building components industry is rapidly adopting technology, prompting
construction companies to partner with technology startups to improve construction
productivity and efficiency.

Following the rapid growth of technology demand in the country, construction project
management companies in the Philippines continue to invest in a variety of innovative
projects, such as Two Thirty Three Holdings' 600-cellular tower construction project in
August 2022, which is estimated to cost Php39.5 billion. With increased interest in
construction technology projects, the local construction sector is poised for massive growth
in the domestic market and regional economy, as well as a stronger national digital
transformation agenda.

The need for alternative building systems is driven by a combination of

environmental concerns, resource constraints, regulatory pressures, changing consumer
preferences, and the pursuit of cost-effective and innovative construction solutions. This shift
is part of a broader movement toward more sustainable and resilient construction practices.

In today’s world, the accommodation needs are continuously rising with development
and population growth. In developing countries like Philippines with a population of approx.
117 million, the expeditious need for housing arises with the constant increase of population,
resettling of the rural population in the cities and the improvement in the standard of lifestyle.
The complication intensifies with crawling conventional methods of construction. The use of
brick masonry and Reinforced Concrete (RC) for construction is time-consuming and
expensive. It redirects increasing interest in economical and rapid construction methods and
materials.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority reports residential buildings reported

the highest number of constructions, 26,546 or 71.2% of the total number of constructions
during the first quarter of 2022, with an expansion rate of 4.0%. Whereas the non-residential
type of constructions stood at 6,145 or 16.5% of the total number of constructions, indicating
an increase of 6.0% compared with the count in the same period of the previous year.
 The information provided outlines the statistics on constructions based on approved
building permits in the first quarter of 2023. In this period, there were 40,210 constructions,
reflecting a decline of -1.9 percent compared to the same quarter in the previous year when
there were 40,990 constructions.
 Residential buildings dominated the construction landscape, constituting 68.4 percent
of the total. The total number of residential constructions stood at 27,489, with the majority
being single-type houses, accounting for 86.8 percent of residential constructions (23,849
houses). Non-residential constructions claimed the second-highest share, making up 21.3
percent of the total (8,553 constructions). Notably, this category experienced a 24.2 percent
annual increase, and commercial buildings comprised the majority, representing 72.1 percent
(6,168 buildings).

Examining specific types of constructions, additions, involving new construction that

increases the height or area of an existing building, contributed 3.3 percent to the total. The
addition-type of construction expanded by 15.7 percent compared to the previous year.
Conversely, alteration and repair of existing structures accounted for 7.0 percent of the total
but posted an annual decline of -28.4 percent.

Looking at annual changes, in the first quarter of 2022, the total number of
constructions declined by -1.1 percent, and in the previous quarter (Q4 2022), there was a
more significant annual decline of -8.6 percent. Overall, the report indicates a decrease in the
total number of constructions compared to the previous year, with residential buildings
remaining the most prevalent type of construction. The data also underscores notable shifts in
specific types of constructions, with additions seeing an increase and alterations and repairs
experiencing a decline.

The Philippines Structural Insulated Panels Market is expected to register a CAGR of

over 4% during the forecast period. The market was negatively impacted by COVID-19. The
country went into lockdown due to the pandemic, which led to work stoppages, supply chain
disruption, and labor shortages. All the construction activities were put on hold, which had a
negative impact on the market. However, the condition recovered in 2021, driving the market
during the forecast period.
 Expanded polystyrene insulation is lightweight, rigid, and closed-cell insulation. It
has several compressive strengths and can withstand high loads and back-fill forces. This
closed-cell structure provides minimal water absorption and very low vapor permeance.

According to Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

is a rigid, closed-cell, thermoplastic foam material produced from solid polystyrene beads.
The gross value added generated from manufacturing rubber and plastic products in the
Philippines amounted to nearly Php37.1 billion in 2022. EPS panels offer a highly cost-
efficient and high-performing highly alternative to high-performing traded (XPS) polystyrene
foam, making it the perfect choice for many insulation and construction applications. All the
properties mentioned above of EPS panels are expected to increase their demand over the
forecast period.

Socio-economic

The construction industry plays a crucial role in the national economy by contributing
significantly to socio-economic development goals such as providing shelter, infrastructure,
and employment (Anaman & Osei-Amponsah, 2007).

Moreover, Economy Watch (2010) notes that the construction industry is thriving and
is expected to continue growing, particularly in developing countries, projecting a global
industry value of approximately Php563.5 trillion by 2023, with a forecasted Compound
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2018 to 2023. The demand for housing and
infrastructure is rising due to increasing urbanization and population growth, emerging as
key drivers for market expansion (PR Newswire, 2018).

Cement, globally the second most utilized material after water, plays a pivotal role in
construction, enabling expedited construction processes and reduced on-site work expenses
(Crow, 2008). However, the production of cement, a primary component of concrete, is a
significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, leading the construction industry to be
recognized as a prominent environmental challenge worldwide (Ayalew et al., 2016).

Despite being indispensable in Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) manufacturing, the

environmental impact of cement prompts exploration into ecologically safer alternatives.
Examining the reduction of cement usage through the incorporation of material composites
from renewable or non-renewable sources, as well as waste recycling processes, is a potential
avenue (Douglas and Lawson, 2002; Kennedy et al., 2007). Additionally, considering waste
materials as supplementary components for concrete block production or exploring
sustainable and eco-friendly treatments for concrete blocks could contribute to minimizing
overall emission waste in the construction ecosystem.

Environmental

According to Bimhow (2018), the construction sector is a substantial contributor to

environmental issues, accounting for 23% of air pollution, 50% of climatic change, 40% of
drinking water pollution, and 50% of landfill wastes. The global cement industry, a vital
element in construction, alone contributes 5% of global carbon dioxide emissions,
emphasizing the industry's significant role in carbon emission.

In addition, Pronove Tai (2019) reported a cement shortage causing a 30% delay in
building completion in the Philippines during the first quarter of 2019. While other Asian
countries like Hong Kong and Taiwan efficiently utilize waste materials in Concrete Hollow
Block (CHB) production, limited research in the Philippines explores such practices.

According to Fishbein (2008; cited in Begum, 2009), the construction industry in the
Philippines contributes around 30% of solid wastes ending up in landfills. There is a need to
explore the potential use of other alternative components for CHB, aiming to reduce the
cement usage ratio and alleviate the demand for cement in the Philippines' construction
industry.
 The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a World Bank sister organization,
developed EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies), an international green
building standard for emerging economies such as the Philippines. Instead of traditional
methods and materials, construction companies can use "green building" materials and
technologies to significantly reduce waste, according to Micaela Rosette Santos (2018), vice
chair of the Philippine Green Building Initiative's Green Certification System.

According to Yuan Xu (2018), IFC country manager for the Philippines, green
buildings can significantly reduce human impact on the environment. A building represents a
long-term investment. So, if we can implement the appropriate building standards, we can
lock in energy and water savings for future generations.

B. Market and Possible Potential Market

In the dynamic realm of construction, EPS panels have emerged as a versatile

solution offering numerous advantages across various domains. These panels are a testament
to efficiency, resilience, and architectural flexibility. It has remarkable features in
commercial, multi-storey, commercial, and industrial. The versatility of EPS panels allows
them to be employed in various construction applications.

1. Residential Construction

EPS panels are widely used in residential construction for walls, roofs, and floors.
Their quick installation and energy efficient properties make them an excellent choice for
modern, sustainable homes. Widely embraced in residential construction, EPS panels are
favored for their thermal insulation properties. Their role in enhancing energy efficiency
proves valuable in regulating indoor temperatures and curbing heating and cooling expenses.
Applications span insulation in residential walls, roofs, and foundations, with EPS playing a
crucial role in prefab construction methods, including the production of SIPs tailored for
residential structures.
 2. Commercial Buildings

The versatility of EPS panels extends to commercial structures, including offices and
retail spaces. The panels can be employed for both exterior and interior applications, offering
a seamless combination of insulation and structural stability. EPS panels, prized for their
lightweight design and exceptional insulation capabilities, are frequently integrated into
commercial structures, particularly in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS). This
application enhances energy efficiency and contributes significantly to the overall
sustainability of commercial buildings.

3. Industrial Applications

In industrial settings, Sandwich EPS panels find applications in the construction of

warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and cleanrooms. The panels’ durability and thermal
insulation make them suitable for diverse industrial needs.

In conclusion, EPS panels have revolutionized the construction industry, serving as a

game-changer with their exceptional insulation properties, lightweight design, durability, and
versatility. They are the ideal choice for modern construction projects, whether you are
working on a residential home, a commercial structure, or a cold storage facility.

C. Gaps in the Industry

Challenges Associated with Clients

Several researchers highlight the lack of client awareness and consequent absence of
demand as obstacles to the adoption of EPS building system within the construction industry.
As reported by Agyekum et al. (2019), he asserts that when clients are uninformed about the
possibilities and potential benefits of EPS building system, they may struggle to express
interest in the subject, leading to a lack of market demand. Conversely, some scholars argue
that the perception of clients as uninterested stems from designers, who may not be
convinced that a genuine demand for the alternative building system exists.

Obstacles Linked to Government/Policy-Makers

 Numerous researchers point out the absence of appropriate policies, codes, and
legislation as a primary hindrance to the integration of alternative building system practices
in the building sector. Some scholars even contend that the adoption of environmental
strategies conflicts with existing regulations. The focus of regulations is also crucial, as
Kanters (2020) argues that the emphasis on operational energy performance in existing codes
makes it challenging to incorporate practices such as material reuse. Moreover, the crucial
role of government support and commitment to advancing the implementation of EPS
Building System in buildings is highlighted. The absence of such support acts as a significant
barrier.

Although the Philippines' constitution and the government agencies encourage the use of
innovative technology, such as prefabricated housing components, its demand remained low
in early 2000 and is picking up slowly with the current government’s infrastructural
developments. However, at another side, many people in the Philippines had limited
knowledge about these components and used conventional materials, such as concrete hollow
blocks (CHB), galvanized sheets, plywood, etc.

Challenges Faced by Building Designers

Jusselme et al. (2020) argue that collaboration is particularly lacking at the conceptual
design stage, as architects may be hesitant to involve engineers in this early phase of the
design process. At present, a hindrance for building designers is the absence of appropriate
methods and tools to assist them in making environmentally informed decisions. One
potential explanation for this phenomenon, as suggested by, is that the available tools are
considered unsuitable, as they are perceived to be misaligned with the designers' needs by
those who have tried them. This perception resonates within the industry, leading to the tools
being perceived as ineffective. Additionally, certain tools, such as life-cycle assessment,
come with a high cost, including expenses related to required software and expert
knowledge. Before reaching the stage where tools and methods are necessary, designers must
possess knowledge of how to implement eco-design in a building, understanding what
aspects to prioritize during the design phase. This knowledge, for instance, can be acquired
through quantitative evidence showcasing the benefits of EPS building system
implementation. However, the lack of this knowledge acts as a barrier to the successful
implementation. Additional barriers to the alternative building system implementation
include a shortage of professional skills and a lack of collaboration within the design team.

Obstacles in the Building Sector

According to Benac et. Al (2018), a significant impediment to the implementation of

EPS building system is the insufficient financial resources or the unwillingness to allocate
funds to cover the perceived additional initial costs associated with "green buildings".
Various factors contribute to this extra cost; some argue that sustainable materials and
components come with a higher price tag. The shift in design procedures introduced by EPS
system often results in a prolonged design process, requiring additional time and,
consequently, extra finances due to the extension of project schedules. Additionally, certain
tools are costly to use and may demand expert knowledge, necessitating financial investment.
This increased cost can pose a particular challenge for companies with limited funds, such as
small- and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, Nduka (2015) added that beyond the
financial barrier, scholars contend that the lack of knowledge and professional skills is also
pertinent for members of the supply chain. Furthermore, it is argued that the combination of
insufficient knowledge and professional skills within the building sector, coupled with the
fragmented nature of the supply chain, can result in another barrier. A lack of material
availability. In other words, suppliers may find it challenging to provide less impacting
materials, such as reused materials.

D. Common Issues in EPS Panels

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) panels, commonly known as Styrofoam, have several

potential dangers associated with their use. The most widely talked about risk is a fire hazard;
however, there are more out-of-the-ordinary risks that are not always discussed when
considering EPS panels. Knowing these dangers and taking appropriate precautions when
working with or around EPS panels is important. Some of the primary risks include:
 - Toxic Fumes: When EPS panels are exposed to fire or extreme heat, they emit toxic
gases, including carbon monoxide and styrene, which can be harmful if inhaled.
These fumes can lead to serious health issues and fatalities in enclosed spaces.
- Environmental Impact: EPS is not biodegradable and can persist in the environment
for a long time, contributing to litter and pollution. Improper disposal, including open
burning, can harm ecosystems and wildlife.
- Health Risks from Dust: During cutting, shaping, or handling of EPS panels, dust and
small particles can be released into the air. Inhaling these particles can irritate the
respiratory system and may lead to health problems for workers, especially without
proper respiratory protection.
- Moisture Absorption: EPS can absorb moisture over time if not adequately protected
or sealed. This can lead to reduced insulation properties, mould growth, and structural
damage in construction applications.
- Structural Concerns: In some construction applications, EPS panels may not provide
the necessary structural support, leading to potential weaknesses in the building
structure if not used correctly.
- Chemical Leaching: EPS can release chemicals over time, especially when exposed to
certain solvents.
- Waste Management Challenges: Proper disposal of EPS waste can be difficult and
costly. EPS takes up a significant amount of landfill space, and recycling facilities
may not be available in all areas.

E. Demographics

In the application of alternative building systems, it can be categorized based on the

stakeholders involved, each representing a distinct target demographic. First, the term
"clients" refers to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, encompassing institutions, corporations,
and private individuals, including real estate developers, who play a pivotal role in investing
in and financing building projects. These clients, driven by diverse interests and
considerations, form a significant target demographic for alternative building systems, as
they hold the financial reins and decision-making authority in the initiation and execution of
construction endeavors.

Second, the "designers" stakeholder group, on the other hand, constitutes another
critical demographic for alternative building systems. This group involves individuals
actively participating in various stages of the design process, including architects, civil and
architectural engineers, and experts. Designers shape the blueprint and specifications of
construction projects, making them influential in determining the feasibility and adoption of
alternative building materials and methods. Their openness to and understanding of
innovative approaches in construction significantly influence the success of alternative
building systems.

Lastly, the "building sector" stakeholder group represents a segment specifically

engaged in the material supply chain within the broader building sector. This group includes
manufacturers of building materials and components who contribute directly to the physical
construction of projects. As suppliers of essential construction elements, their acceptance and
incorporation of alternative building materials into the supply chain are pivotal for the
widespread adoption of alternative building systems. This segment's alignment with
sustainable and innovative construction practices can significantly impact the overall success
and integration of alternative building systems in the industry.

In essence, the target demographics for alternative building systems span a spectrum
of stakeholders, ranging from the financial decision-makers (clients) to the creative architects
and engineers (designers) and the material suppliers (building sector). Successful
engagement and collaboration with these key players are vital for overcoming barriers and
fostering the adoption of sustainable and innovative construction practice.
 II. SOLUTION
To overcome the challenges associated with EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) Alternative
Building System in construction and minimize its negative impact, several strategies and
practices can be implemented. For addressing the issue of toxic fumes, incorporating fire-
retardant additives or coatings on EPS panels can significantly reduce the release of harmful
gases during fire incidents. Proper ventilation systems and early warning systems in enclosed
spaces further mitigate the risk of inhalation.

Additionally, to tackle the environmental impact of EPS, promoting responsible

disposal practices and educating stakeholders about its effects are crucial steps. Encouraging
recycling programs and exploring alternative disposal methods, such as waste-to-energy
facilities, can contribute to a more sustainable approach. Waste management challenges
associated with EPS can be tackled by promoting recycling initiatives and collaborating with
local recycling facilities. Exploring alternative materials with less environmental impact or
opting for more easily recyclable EPS alternatives can contribute to effective waste
management.

As well as addressing health risks from dust involves equipping workers with
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during the cutting and handling of EPS
panels. Training programs should be conducted to educate workers on safe handling
practices, minimizing the release of dust particles. And to mitigate moisture absorption in
EPS panels, applying moisture-resistant coatings or treatments is recommended. Ensuring
proper sealing and protection of EPS in construction applications helps maintain its
insulation properties over time.

However, structural concerns can be addressed by conducting thorough structural

assessments and engineering analysis to ensure the appropriate use of EPS panels for the
intended application. In cases where additional support is needed, considering measures such
as steel framing can enhance structural integrity. For minimizing chemical leaching, selecting
EPS products designed to minimize such effects and avoiding exposure to solvents or harsh
chemicals during and after construction is essential.
 Thus, addressing challenges in EPS panels offer several advantages in construction.
Their excellent insulation properties, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness make
them a preferred choice. The panels are also cost-effective, provide protection against natural
and man-made disasters, and offer quick installation, making them suitable for various
construction projects. Overall, a comprehensive and balanced approach is necessary to
harness the benefits of EPS while mitigating its challenges in the construction industry.

A. Process and Specifications

Production Process

Polystyrene

EPS (Sintered Expanded Polystyrene) is a material produced from styrene, a

monomer derived from petroleum, but also found in foods such as wheat, strawberries, meat
and coffee; polystyrene is obtained through the polymerization of styrene. Before being
expanded, the polystyrene is in glassy granule form (beads) with sizes ranging from 0.3 to
2.8 mm.

Pre-expansion

Pre-expansion is the physical-chemical process that leads to the formation of the

polystyrene beads by heating the polystyrene without using CFCs. The beads are then treated
with water vapor at temperatures above 90°C to allow the pentane in the beads to expand,
causing an increase in their initial volume by up to 20-25 times and forming an internal

closed cell structure that holds air and gives the product its excellent thermal insulation
properties.

Sintering (Molding)

During the “sintering” (molding) process, the expanded polystyrene beads are welded
and compressed. The expanded and dried beads are injected into a mold and are again
subjected to vapor that causes a further swelling. This process completely closes the
interstices between the beads that when welded together create a homogeneous block of
foam. After cooling, these blocks are left to cure before final cutting into slabs.

Cutting and Shaping

 The blocks are cut and shaped by a CNC hot-wire, high-precision cutter which is
programmed by the operator according to specific job requirements.

Unrolling and Straightening of the Metal Wire

The welding machine systems of EPS Panels feed the longitudinal wire through an
automatic towing machine system, which picks directly from the 20 loading bobbins that
ensure that wires are straight.

Welding and Cutting Mesh

The EPS Panels automatic welding machine produces galvanized flat steel meshes
made up of 20 longitudinal wires and cross wires at variable pitch. The meshes are
automatically produced to size then lifted by an automatic device and stacked on a steel
pallet ready for transfer to a panel machine.

Panel Stitching and Sandwiching

The panel assembly and welding machine are the core of the entire production line; in
this phase, the “sandwich” is made of two or four electro-welded meshes and one or two EPS
panels, according to the type of panel to be produced.

B. Installation Process
 A modular panel with an expanded polystyrene core, enclosed in a double-galvanized
steel wire mesh linked by connectors, to be finished on site with two layers of concrete. The
EPS Panels cover the entire range of elements necessary to finalize any type of project in the
building industry.

This quality facilitates the efficient management of the construction site, thus
considerably saving time and money thanks to the quick and easy assembly of the
components.

The EPS Panel System guarantees excellent earthquake resistance and thermal
acoustic performances, and high-energy savings.

1. The installation of EPS Panels starts by placing rebars of 8mm in diameter over the
foundation beam, poured together with the concrete or drilled after, with a depth of
50mm using structural epoxy. Make sure to have the correct alignment of rebars with
an interval of 400mm, alternating on both sides where the EPS panel will be placed.

2. Assemble and install the EPS panel starting from the corner and proceed along both
sides. For a more stable installation, complete one room at a time.
3. Connect the EPS Panels into the reinforcing bars dowels using tie wire. Tie all
adjacent panels using a pneumatic stapler by stitches. Before applying the stitches,
make sure that EPS Panels are aligned and fit perfectly.

4. Reinforce all openings, such as doors and windows, with reinforcing meshes braced
with mesh set at 45 degrees on corners. Reinforce corners with angular mesh both
inside and outside of the building.
5. Make sure that the EPS panel walls are leveled and supported by scaffoldings or
conventional materials every one (1) to three (3) meters, before plastering.

6. EPS walls can be melted using hot air jet, based on electrical, mechanical, and
sanitary plans or layout. Once EPS walls have been melted, electrical wires, cables
and pipes can now be positioned and inserted.

7. For Stairs and Landing, apply adequate reinforcements before casting. Place support
under the slab through shoring or any conventional materials with an interval of one
(1) meter.
 8. Put the EPS panel slab on top of the wall panels. After installing, put all the rebars in
place before pouring the concrete.

9. Plaster the wall using a hopper gun. Always start the plastering from the bottom to
top. The plastering should be applied on the walls in two (2) consecutive layers: first
layer is plastered to adequately cover the mesh wire, and the second is for a smooth
plastered finish.

C. Solution to the Issues

To effectively address the challenges associated with clients, increasing client

awareness is crucial. Implementing educational programs and campaigns can help raise
awareness about the benefits of the EPS building system. Providing case studies and success
stories will showcase positive outcomes, while direct communication with clients can address
concerns and provide comprehensive information on the advantages of EPS.

Simultaneously, educating designers plays a pivotal role. Developing training

programs for building designers enhances their knowledge of EPS alternative building
system. Encouraging collaboration between designers and professionals experienced in EPS
construction fosters expertise sharing. Showcasing successful projects that used EPS building
systems demonstrates feasibility and effectiveness. Promoting collaboration within the design
team is essential. Encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation and highlighting successful
projects resulting from effective collaboration between architects, engineers, and other
stakeholders fosters a positive culture.

Government and policy support is essential and advocating for the development and
implementation of supportive policies, codes, and regulations is key. Collaborating with
government agencies to align regulations with environmental goals and engaging
policymakers through workshops emphasizes the importance of supporting alternative
building systems. To tackle obstacles linked to government and policymakers, collaboration
with industry associations is vital for policy advocacy. Working with policymakers to align
existing regulations with environmental strategies and encouraging the adoption of
innovative construction practices is a proactive approach. Raising awareness among
government officials about the benefits of EPS building systems through workshops and
presentations is also crucial.

In addressing obstacles in the building sector, advocating for financial incentives or

subsidies for companies adopting EPS building systems is essential. Showcasing the long-
term economic benefits of EPS construction attracts financial support, especially for small-
and medium-sized enterprises. Investing in knowledge and skill development is crucial.
Training programs to enhance the knowledge and skills of professionals within the building
sector, along with collaboration with educational institutions to incorporate courses on
alternative building systems, contribute to overcoming obstacles. Facilitating communication
and collaboration within the supply chain ensures a steady availability of materials, including
reused materials. Establishing partnerships between suppliers, manufacturers, and
construction companies streamlines the process of obtaining and utilizing EPS materials.

In summary, addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach

involving education, advocacy, policy development, and collaborative efforts among
stakeholders. Promoting the benefits of EPS building systems and creating a supportive
environment will contribute to overcoming these barriers in the construction industry.

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