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This type of mutation is an example of a point mutation or a missense mutation, and is obviously
extremely harmful, if the gene occurs in a homozygotic form. Give one example of how stem cells
could be used in medicine to help people. Religion is one factor that can significantly affect the
developments and people’s outlook and attitude with regards to the issue on human cloning.
Examples of such organisms are various trees such as hazel trees, blueberry plants, and the American
sweetgum. Restriction endonucleases recognize specific DNA sequences and cut them in a
predictable manner; they are naturally produced by bacteria as a defense mechanism against foreign
DNA. This is the more well known of the two types using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Assuming
nothing goes wrong, an exact copy of the donor animal is born. I fell that without doing proper
research into the problems that are there in cloning and solving the problems we shouldn't start
cloning humans. In nature, such diversity enables plants (and animals) to respond to changes in the
environment, such as diseases, insect epidemics, and changes in the climate or habitat. Extend
knowledge on asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction Learn how can animals be cloned Look
at problems with cloning. Besides prokaryotes, a number of other simple organisms such as
protozoans, many other algae and some yeasts also reproduce by cloning, as do some other
organisms such as the flatworm and the dandelion. Cloning plants or animals seem more beneficial
since they can be drawn benefits from compared to cloning humans. However, early embryonic
development requires the cytoplasmic material contained in the egg cell. Recent advances in
biotechnology have made it possible to artificially induce asexual reproduction of mammals in the
laboratory. Task 3: Find out the answers to the questions in it in groups of four. ?What are the
encouraging news and disturbing ones about Dolly the sheep? ?How is Dolly the sheep is produced?
?Give us two examples of natural cloning. It may stay attached or eventually split off from the
parent. In a report by the National Center for Health Statistics shows that 2.1 million married couples
were infertile in 1995 (Barren). Scientists think this is the reason she died at only age 7. Somatic cell
nuclear transfer is the technique of transferring a diploid nucleus into an enucleated egg. The term
describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of
a biological entity. NHGRI. An important feature of plasmid vectors is the ease with which a foreign
DNA fragment can be introduced via the multiple cloning site (MCS). Keep on browsing if you are
OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Then they isolate a somatic cell ( a cell in the
body that is not the reproductive cell.) and transfer its nucleus into the egg cell. Despite the fact that
some religion would immediately reject the idea of reproductive cloning, Buddhism and Hinduism
has a more positive stand with regards to the practice of reproductive cloning (Hinduism Today;
Woodward 7; Promta; Frazzetto). The Continuum International Publishing Group. NY, 1994.
Artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. The discovery has been made and
curious scientists are not just going to leave it alone. This could even happen to the entire human race
if everyone on earth had the same genes. 0. In a way it would be inhumane to clone people because
clones will not be considered as individuals or humans. Along with his technology background,
White enjoys carpentry and plumbing. As the President of the Council on Bioethics between 2001 to
2005, Leon Richard Kass is another bioethicist who plays a significant role in opposing the study of
biotechnology.
All information for this work was taken from: The examples were taken from. When this happens,
the embryo is then transplanted into a surrogate mother. The cloning of plants is simple and relatively
easy. Non-identical twins form from two separate egg cells. Stem cell research and cloning are some
of the most important techniques. Cloning human beings will lead to moral problems. Discussion:
What is your opinion of cloning. Not only does it makes vague but also the reader and panellist get
an idea that unattainable scope has been set for the work doubting the capability of the researcher.
The famous cloned sheep, Dolly, was cloned this way. Any information here should not be
considered absolutely correct, complete, and up-to-date. Extend knowledge on asexual reproduction
and sexual reproduction Learn how can animals be cloned Look at problems with cloning. Artificial
cloning is of many different types, (1) DNA cloning (2) reproductive cloning or the cloning of an
organism and (3) therapeutic cloning. Others want to make a genetic copy of a celebrity or someone
they loved but don’t realize that they are only genetically similar. According to Hayes et al, these
cells are very vital to the development of the body (5). Even in the blockbuster movie named Krish-3,
it was shown how a cloned character suffered from paralysis or inactive body parts below chin area.
Before using our website, please read our Privacy Policy. Six-Step Scientific Method for Elementary
Kids What Is a Moral Thesis Statement. In this way, any DNA fragment generated by restriction
endonuclease cleavage can be spliced between the two ends of a plasmid DNA that has been cut
with the same restriction endonuclease (Figure 1). The MCS is a short DNA sequence containing
multiple sites that can be cut with different commonly available restriction endonucleases. Also
according to the 2000 Census there are nearly one million gay and lesbian couples in America
(Mason). Cloning through genetic engineering will also give parents the right to choose what
characteristics they want in their children to have. The second type of cloning is DNA Cloning or
Recombinant DNA Technology, which is done by cell- based technique, a process that involves
cutting off DNA fragment from the chromosomal DNA and attaching it to a plasmid. Having the
ability to clone humans is just as important having the ability to clone animals as well. It is when a
new plant emerges from vegetative parts. In nature, such diversity enables plants (and animals) to
respond to changes in the environment, such as diseases, insect epidemics, and changes in the
climate or habitat. Therapeutic cloning is the process in which embryonic stem cells are created.
Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Biology Online, its staff, or its partners.
There is the possibility of misuse of the technology, of course. Each embryo develops in to a separate
baby, that have the same DNA as each other. For every type of differentiated cell program is same.
Tong Dizhou (May 28, 1902 - March 30, 1979) was a Chinese embryologist remembered for his
contributions to the field of cloning.
What is a clone? A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of
another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it. 2. How is a clone produced. Years of medical
treatment cannot result in satisfactory remedies to infertility. Having more discussions in schools as
well as on television on the cloning issue and how the process works would be extremely helpful.
Most imprinting errors occur when embryonic stem cells are being cultured in laboratories. 6.
Through cloning there is the possibility of compromising individuality, creativity and freedom.
Credit: Ginkgo100, CC By-SA 3.0. (F) Notice the new plant emerging on the leaf margin of the
plant, Kalanchoe pinnata. Those who say that cloning and genetic engineering do not value human
life are wrong because as you can see these processes can make life longer and better for many in our
society. Even in the blockbuster movie named Krish-3, it was shown how a cloned character suffered
from paralysis or inactive body parts below chin area. Some people are resistant to certain diseases
and others are not. Tissue culture can be accomplished readily with such species as grapes, orchids,
chrysanthemums, asparagus, and carrots. Nuclear transfer requires two cells, a donor cell and an egg
cell. Name Teacher Class Date Animal cloning Animal cloning is the artificial process of reproducing
the same genetically identical animals that usually occur only in nature through birth. The general
steps in molecular cloning are as follows. Cloning through genetic engineering will also give parents
the right to choose what characteristics they want in their children to have. These embryos can then
be transplanted into surrogate mothers and carried to term. Author Emily Carter Posted on
September 19, 2021 Categories Example sentences Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged
in to post a comment. Then using electromagnetic pulses, the egg cell acts like a zygote and is placed
in a surrogate mother. Top 10 Methods for Utilizing English in Advanced Educational and
Pedagogical Contexts. Human cloning therefore could not become a reality without extensive human
experimentation. The cloning is a process of creating a copy of a particular person or an animal.
Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. Scientists studying a particular
gene often use bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene. Robertson considers
human cloning from the point where Pence left us: with a program of cloning that is safe and
effective. As the President of the Council on Bioethics between 2001 to 2005, Leon Richard Kass is
another bioethicist who plays a significant role in opposing the study of biotechnology. The programs
for every type of different cell are different, aren't they. Examples of cloning that occur naturally are
as follows. Gene cloning, as the name indicates, produces copies of the segments of DNA or genes.
However, the first successful attempt of cloning in mammals is exemplified by formation of a
Scottish sheep called Dolly through a process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. It was not
achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading. 3. What benefits can humans gain
from cloning? 1) Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin one’s quality of life (such
as Parkinson’s disease. An example of parthenogenesis occurs in species in which the female lays an
egg and if the egg is fertilized, it is a diploid egg and the individual develops into a female; if the
egg is not fertilized, it remains a haploid egg and develops into a male. Arguments may be that
cloning is ethical because it enables those who cannot reproduce naturally to create genetically
related children, it has the potential to eliminate genetic diseases, and it can produce viable organs,
not just people.
Dairy farmers could clone cows that produce lots of milk. The child will grow up to be no more like
their twin than natural identical twins (Human Cloning Foundation). Mitochondria contain their own
short segments of DNA. The zygote nucleus contains the genetic information to produce a new
individual. Join us here: Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction and let us hear what
you think. Artificial Cloning Molecular Cloning Cloning A Single Cell Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning in bacteria Reproductive cloning in plants and animals Quiz Send Your Results
(Optional). It is the reproduction method used by many organisms, such as plants, fungi, and
bacteria. KEY included Level: intermediate Age: 13-17 Downloads: 283. The name of this novel is
Frankenstein, wherein a scientist creates a body by combination of chemistry, alchemy and
electricity. And there are many more examples of such movies illustrating the havoc of cloning. Of
course there are some risks to cloning but with anything there are going to be risks. A sexually
produced organism will have a genetic make-up that is a combination of both of the parents. Recent
advances in biotechnology have made it possible to artificially induce asexual reproduction of
mammals in the laboratory. It has been suggested that undermining the individuality or uniqueness of
each human being may undermine respect for human life. This is. In the case of reproductive
cloning, I am not so sure if it should be allowed to continue or not. Plasmids have been repurposed
and engineered as vectors for molecular cloning and the large-scale production of important
reagents, such as insulin and human growth hormone. But this may never come about if there are
laws prohibiting cloning and its research. There are really three main disadvantages according to Dr.
Patrick Dixon. The three main reasons are the possibility of health risks from mutated genes,
emotional risks, and the risk of abuse of the technology (Dixon). There is speculation that because the
cell DNA belongs to an older individual, the age of the DNA may affect the life expectancy of a
cloned individual. Researchers believe that it is unethical to destroy embryos that will eventually
form children. e.g.: a cloned cow recently died weeks after its birth with a huge abnormality in blood
pressure. Many scientists feel that if we eat these foods they can create many problems like diseases
for us in the future. Therapeutic cloning produces stem cells to attempt to remedy detrimental
diseases or defects (unlike reproductive cloning, which aims to reproduce an organism). Keep on
browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. The postmortem indication
indicated that she was quite normal apart from her cancer and arthritis. It begins by outlining the
fundamental of canning as a processes and how it is achieved through commercial sterilization. This
type of mutation is an example of a point mutation or a missense mutation, and is obviously
extremely harmful, if the gene occurs in a homozygotic form. My views on this topic are that since
cloning is such an advanced technology its benefits should be hailed by every individual on this
planet. So the challenge to write a thesis statement for a descriptive essay needs more drilling down
into the topic to develop a strong argument that is debatable about the topic. The cloning is a process
of creating a copy of a particular person or an animal. One of the key features of each human being
is that they represent a combination of genotype and interaction with the environment, which is
unique.
Dr. Funmilayo Bamiro Dr. Karlene Chung Dr. Anthony Williams Dr. Ronald Strong II. Presentation
Outline. In single-celled organisms such as bacterial cells and yeast cells, the process entails getting a
sample and then inoculating it to the culture medium. An expert in medical ethics and a philosophy
professor at the University of Alabama in Birmingham named Gregory E. The purpose of cloning in
scientific exploration and cloning may one day be able to help people needing new organs. Keep on
browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. The MCS is a short DNA
sequence containing multiple sites that can be cut with different commonly available restriction
endonucleases. What is cloning?. Cloning is any process natural or artificial which produces two or
more cells or organisms that are genetically identical to one another These cells or organisms we call
clones. Clones. The review analyses many different types of cell organelles, each designed to do
something specific, yet having the capability of working with the rest of the cell organelles in any
given cell. However, early embryonic development requires the cytoplasmic material contained in the
egg cell. They evolve into all the different tissues of the body, and doctors hope to treat many
diseases by directing the cells to develop into needed implants, such as nerve tissues for paralysed
individuals. The two separate embryos are then placed into a surrogate mother where they develop
naturally. Give one example of how stem cells could be used in medicine to help people. The
Continuum International Publishing Group. NY, 1994. Many people only hear rumors and believe
things that they see on television. So, therapeutic cloning is a much better technique. I believe that
this is going to be the new big debate in the world. What do you think is the writer’s opinion in the
passage. Some people are resistant to certain diseases and others are not. The process of cloning is
inspired and based on the natural process of embryo multiplication wherein an egg after fertilisation
divides into two thus bringing into existence two identical twins. Many people are very opposed to
cloning humans. The U.S. Congress has passed a bill to ban human cloning which would make it a
crime to even attempt human cloning and to ship, receive or import cloned embryos or products
derived from them. The predictability of cloned plants saves money otherwise used in farming. The
name of this novel is Frankenstein, wherein a scientist creates a body by combination of chemistry,
alchemy and electricity. With what I am calling the new big debate on the rise; I think that cloning
should be a topic that is talked about more than it has been. Even in the blockbuster movie named
Krish-3, it was shown how a cloned character suffered from paralysis or inactive body parts below
chin area. The first essay is a long essay on Cloning of 400-500 words. By understanding how the
cloning process works and what advantages and disadvantages cloning has to offer; I believe that
there will be many more supporters of this new science. This concept could also be used to make
babies who are smarter and stronger. But as specified earlier, a thesis statement should have an
argument and transition words like “Therefore, hence” depict conviction the usability of transition
words to start a thesis statement cannot be well justified. I think that the old debate was on abortion
and whether or not we, as a society, should support pro-choice or pro-life. It begins by outlining the
fundamental of canning as a processes and how it is achieved through commercial sterilization.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer The process of cloning involves the SCNT, Somatic Cell Nuclear
Transfer. Finally, the embryo is placed into the uterus of a surrogate mother ewe. The MCS is a short
DNA sequence containing multiple sites that can be cut with different commonly available restriction
endonucleases. By this process, an organism is generated that has the same DNA as another animal.
A school of thought might maintain that gene therapy is present to cure. Many people only hear
rumors and believe things that they see on television. Read through the assignment and create three
arguments that support your position. For them, cloning represents an experiment and they regard it
as wrong to experiment on children. Though there are many benefits present in cloning, especially
therapeutically, there are dangers and cloning raises ethical concerns. It is no different than regular
twins with respect that they are just not born at the same time. Artificial embryo twinning and
somatic cell nuclear transfer. DNA Cloning is usually done for research.e.g: it can be used to study a
gene that causes disease in an organism and modify it or remove it to prevent that disease. It was in
the 1950s when scientists attempted the reproductive cloning of animals for the first time. Cloning is
only another alternative to reproduction. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class
6 and below. This new organism has exactly the same genetic make-up as its parent and is usually
physically identical to its parent. The Roman Catholic does not support the practice of reproductive
cloning because this particular religious group considers the act of destroying the excess embryo in
IVF process as murder (Woodward 6; Lachmann; Somerville). So what cloning may be able to do is
to replace the defective genes so they won't continue to be passed down from generation to
generation. The resultant is the production of a younger identical organism which is the exact twin of
the earlier organism. The process of organism cloning involves the 'somatic cell transfer process'
(SCNT). It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own
runners (natural cloning). Do you know how Dolly is different from other sheep. So, therapeutic
cloning is a much better technique. There is a mixed point-of-views amongst the different religious
sectors and the philosophers. Examples of animals capable of reproducing by budding are hydra,
corals, echinoderm larvae, and some acoel flatworms. Here is an example of the budding process.
Cloned animals have been found to be much bigger than normal animals and have abnormally large
organs. Instead, the modern scientists should find other ways to practice cloning without violating
the ethical considerations behind the said practice. I have used this in my proficiency class.I hope
you will find it useful too. Dolly the sheep A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg B.
There have been attempts at producing cloned human embryos as sources of embryonic stem cells,
sometimes referred to as cloning for therapeutic purposes.
The cloned baby only differs from other babies because they share the same DNA with another
person, just like identical twins. With the ability to use cloning to get rid of genetic diseases why are
we thinking about making cloning illegal. This is rather a more complex procedure involving the use
of cloning cylinders (rings). And due to this problem he was shown to hate humans and in return
avenge all the mankind. Task 3: Find out the answers to the questions in it in groups of four. ?What
are the encouraging news and disturbing ones about Dolly the sheep? ?How is Dolly the sheep is
produced? ?Give us two examples of natural cloning. Of course there are some risks to cloning but
with anything there are going to be risks. It has been used for many years to produce plants (in fact
even growing a plant from a cutting is a type of cloning ). This will also help those who are at a high
risk for having a child with a genetic disease. It can be used for either therapeutic cloning or
reproductive cloning. Before using our website, please read our Privacy Policy. Thus, even though
GM foods are available to us people are still in doubt as to whether they should consume them.UK
has recently given the go ahead for farmers to grow GM crops. An expert in medical ethics and a
philosophy professor at the University of Alabama in Birmingham named Gregory E. It has been
argued that cloning human beings for the purpose of creating transplant tissue such as bone marrow
or a kidney demeans the person cloned for this purpose. The famous cloned sheep, Dolly, was cloned
this way. GM crops can also have a very bad impact on farmland wildlife due to the harmful
chemicals that they produce. Examples of such organisms are various trees such as hazel trees,
blueberry plants, and the American sweetgum. Dolly also had many problems with weight; she was
very overweight and constantly on drugs. Know more about this topic in this tutorial to be able to
articulate the advantages and disadvantages of artificially manipulating genes. Read More. Dixon
refers to a cow that was recently cloned and died weeks after birth with a huge abnormality of blood
cell production (Dixon). The stem cells are cloned and harvested for studying human diseases and
thereby used for finding a cure or understanding the pathobiology of the disease. Researchers have
not only cloned sheep like dolly but they have also cloned other animals like cats, monkeys, mice,
goats, pigs, rabbits, etc. So what cloning may be able to do is to replace the defective genes so they
won't continue to be passed down from generation to generation. But this may never come about if
there are laws prohibiting cloning and its research. The postmortem indication indicated that she was
quite normal apart from her cancer and arthritis. Reproductive cloning is used to make a genetic copy
of an already existing animal. Then only would it be possible to get benefitted by it as a society. To
create Dolly, the nucleus was removed from a donor egg cell. Since the Jewish law and ethics does
not literally object the practice of cloning, there will always be some Muslims who are open to the
practice of therapeutic cloning provided that the embryo used in this practice does not go beyond the
120 days after conception (Woodward 7). Transfection is when the newly formed pieces of DNA are
inserted into the cell. Cloning is making a exact copy of another living o rganism.

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