APA Formatting and

Referencing Guide
SCPGBSU
10 linggo
T.P. 2023-2024
Bb. Reina Mikee A. Patulot
Ano ang APA?
• Ginagamit ang APA formatting at referencing style ng mga mag-aaral,
mananaliksik, at mga propesyunal sa social and behavioral sciences
(Scribbr, 2024).
• Nagsimula noong 1929 ang APA Style. Pinangunahan ito ng mga
psychologists, anthropologists, at mga negosyante upang magkaroon
ng simpleng panuntunan sa pagsusulat ng siyentipikong sulatin (APA
Style, n.d.).
• Mula ito sa mga salitang American Psychologist Association.
• Sa ngayon, mayroon na itong ika-7 edisyon na lumabas noong 2020 at
kasalukuyang sinusunod sa ating institusyon.
General APA Guidelines
Ang mga sumusunod ang mga panuntunan sa pagsusulat gamit ang
APA: Sukat ng papel Standard-size o 8.5” x 11”
Spacing Double-spaced
Margin 1” sa bawat gilid
Page Header/Running Mayroon sa ibabaw ng bawat pahina
Head Pamagat at Bilang ng Pahina
Propesyunal Bilang ng Pahina (flushed right)
Mag-aaral
Font at pt. size 11-point Calibri
11-point Arial
10-point Lucida Sans Unicode
12-point Times New Roman
11-point Georgia
10-point Computer Modern
General Format - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University
APA Citation Basics
• Sundin ang author-date method para sa in-text citation.
• Apelyido ng manunulat at taon ng publikasyon ng batayan halimbawa, (Patulot,
2024). Kaakibat nito ang kompletong sanggunian sa talaan ng sanggunian sa dulo ng
papel.
Hindi Direktang Pagbanggit Direktang Pagbanggit
May-akda at taon ng publikasyon lang ang ilagay. May-akda, taon ng publikasyon, at pahina ng binanggit
o cited text ang dapat na ilagay.
Gamitin ang “p.” kung isang pahina.
Gamitin ang “pp.” kung maraming pahina.
Gamitin ang “para.” para sa talata o paragraph.
Gumamit ng gitling “–” sa pagitan ng pahina.
(Patulot, 1999, p. 199)
(Patulot, 1999, pp. 199–201)
• “Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text
must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper” (Purdue, 2024).
General Format - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University
 In-text citation
Guide Halimbawa
Proper noun o Capitalize R. Patulot
pangngalang pamanggit NU Foundation Inc. (Laguna)
Pamagat ng batayan Capitalize ang mga salitang higit sa apat Mahaba pa ang Gabi
ang bilang ng letra maliban sa mga verbs,
nouns, pronouns adjectives, at adverbs o There Is Nothing Left to Lose
content words.
A Whole New World
(Note: in your References list, only the first word
of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.)
Capitalize ang salita pagkatapos ng "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of
tutuldok (colon/:) o gitling (dash/-). Hitchcock's Vertigo."
Pamagat ng batayan sa Naka-italicize din ito sa loob ng teksto. The Closing of the American Mind; The Wizard of
talasanggunian ay naka- (Note: Sentence case capitalization sa Oz; Friends.
italicized... talasanggunian)
Pamagat ng batayan sa Gumamit ng “…” sa loob ng teksto. "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible
talasanggunian ay hindi (Note: Sentence case sa talasanggunian) Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."
naka-italicized...
Parenthetical vs. Narrative Citation
Parenthetical citation Narrative citation
According to new research … Smith (2020) notes that …
(Smith, 2020).
ampersand o “&” ang ginagamit Buong “and” o “at”
e.g. (Patulot & Butial, 2023). e.g. Sinabi ni Patulot at Butial
(2023) …
Halimbawa ng short quotations:
• According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
• Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p.
199); what implications does this have for teachers?
• She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones,
1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
Long quotations
• Para sa 40 salita o higit pa,
gawin ito sa bagong linya na
may ½ inch indent mula sa
kaliwa.
• (Note: Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add
an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical
citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.)
SUMMARY OR PARAPHRASE
• If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only must
refer to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference
and may omit the page numbers. (Purdue, 2020)

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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QUOTATIONS FROM SOURCES WITHOUT PAGES
• “You may use another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a
chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else.
Older works (like religious texts) can also incorporate special location
identifiers like verse numbers.”

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors -

Purdue OWL® - Purdue University
Citing Non-Standard Author
Categories
Dalawa ang may-akda
Isulat ang parehong may-akda. Gamitin ang “and” o “at” kung narrative
citation at “&” kung paranthtical citation.
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within
the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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Tatlo o higit pang may-akda
Isulat lang ang unang may-akda at sundan ito ng “et al.”
List only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity
between different sources.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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Tatlo o higit pang may-akda
Maaaring isulat ang ibang may-akda upang maiwasan ang kalituhan
kung maraming ulit na gagamitin ang iba’t ibang pangkat ng mga may-
akda.
If you’re citing multiple works with similar groups of authors, and the shortened “et al” citation form of each source would be the same, you’ll
need to avoid ambiguity by writing out more names. If you cited works with these authors:

Ganito ang itsura:

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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'Di kilala ang may-akda
• Kung walang nakasulat na may-akda, banggitin ang pamagat ng
batayan o kung parenthetical citation, pwedeng gamitin ang unang
dalawang salita. Ang pamagat ng mga libro at balita ay naka-italicized;
ang pamagat naman ng mga artikulo, kabanata, at web pages ay nasa
panipi o “…”.
• If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and
reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when
they are written in the text (but not when they are written in reference lists).

• Note: In the rare case that "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name
(Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.
Ang may-akda ay isang organisasyon
• Gaya ng pagbanggit sa isang may-akda, gawin din ito kung ang may-
akda ay tinuturing na organisasyon o Samahan.

• Kung may abbreviation ang organisasyon, banggitin muna nang buo

sa unang banggit at maaari nang gamitin ang abbreviation sa
susunuod na mababanggit ito.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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Dalawa o higit pang batayan
• Kung may dalawa o higit pang batayan sa isang parenthetical citation,
sundin ang pagkakasunod sa reference list o talasanggunian
(alphabetically), na pinaghiwalay ng tuldok-kuwit.
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list (viz., alphabetically),
separated by a semi-colon.

(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)

• Kung maraming akda ang gagamitin mula sa isang manunulat, isulat
lang ang apelyido at sundan ito ng mga taon nang pagpapalimabag.
If you cite multiple works by the same author in the same parenthetical citation, give the author’s name only once and follow with dates. No
date citations go first, then years, then in-press citations.

(Smith, n.d., 1995, 2002, in press)

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue
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Mga may-akda na pareho ang apelyido
• Isulat din ang unang letra ng pangalan upang hindi magdulot ng
kalituhan.

(E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998)

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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Dalawa o higit pang batayan mula sa isang
manunulat sa iisang taon.
• Gamitin ang lower-case (a, b, c) katabi ng taon upang ipakita ang
pagkakasunod ng banggit sa reference list.
• If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the
entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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CITING INDIRECT SOURCES
• Kung pagbabasehan ang isang batayan mula sa isa pang batayan,
gamitin ang orihinal na batayan. Isulat ang ikalawang batayan sa
talasanggunian at isama rin sa parantheses.
• If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your
reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses. If you know the year of the original source, include it in the citation.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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ELECTRONIC SOURCES
• Gawin din ang nakasanayan na author-date method.

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors - Purdue OWL® - Purdue

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 Formatting the APA
reference page
• On the reference page, you list all
the sources that you’ve cited
throughout your paper. Place the
page right after the main body and
before any appendices.

• On the first line of the page, write

the section label “References” (in
bold and centered). On the second
line, start listing your references in
alphabetical order.
 Formatting the APA
reference page
• Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA
reference page:
• Double spacing (within and between
references)
• Hanging indent of ½ inch
• Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or
Arial 11)
• Page number in the top right header
• Which sources to include
• On the reference page, you only include
sources that you have cited in the text (with
an in-text citation). You should not include
references to personal communications that
your reader can’t access
20200129APAPoster.jpg
(3456×2592) (purdue.edu)
Free APA Citation Generator (grammarly.com)
• https://apastyle.apa.org/about-apa-style
• https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/
• https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations
• https://umlibguides.um.edu.my/c.php?g=939660&p=6801197
• https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_fo
rmatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html