Art appreciation

vs. art history

 2

Christina’s world
Andrew wyeth

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78455
 3

The Parisian life

JUAN LUNA

https://tawidnewsmag.com/cache-juan-luna-parisian-life/
 4

ART APPRECIATION:
The application of basic tools of visual
literacy in order to understand and
appreciate works of art.
 5

ART APPRECIATION:
 An art appreciator can understand
something about the work of art while
understanding very little, or maybe
nothing at all, about its history

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78455
6
Christina’s world
Andrew wyeth
Wyeth’s neighbor Anna Christina Olson
inspired the composition, which is one of
four paintings by Wyeth in which she
appears. As a young girl, Olson
developed a degenerative muscle
condition—possibly polio—that left her
unable to walk. She refused to use a
wheelchair, preferring to crawl, as
depicted here, using her arms to drag her
lower body along. “The challenge to me,”
Wyeth explained, “was to do justice to
her extraordinary conquest of a life which
most people would consider hopeless.
 7

The Parisian life

JUAN LUNA
Prof. Eric Zerrudo revealed that the painting
can be interpreted in three ways, by literal and
popular interpretation where the lady sitting in
the sofa was identified as a flirt and prostitute,
by tragic and biographical interpretation which
discusses the personal experience of Luna with
https://tawidnewsmag.com/cache-juan-luna-parisian-life/
his wife who had an affair with another man,
and by symbolic interpretation where Zerrudo
mentioned that the woman in the painting has
a “geographical likeness” to the mirror-image
of the archipelago of the Philippines.
 8

ART history:
The academic study of the history
and development of the visual arts
 9

ART history:
Art history is more than just critique. And
the way that it differs from art
appreciation is that art history considers
the meaning of works of art in a larger
social context.
creativity, imagination,
and expression
 11

Lesson 1 │March 22-25, 2021

 It takes an artist to make art. One may perceive beauty
on a daily basis. However, not every beautiful thing that
can be seen or experienced may truly be called a work of
art.
 ART IS A PRODUCT OF MAN’S CREATIVITY,
IMAGINATION, AND EXPRESSION.
 12

Lesson 1 │March 22-25, 2021

 Not everyone can be considered an artist,

but all are spectators of art.
 THIS GIVES US A ROLE IN THE FIELD
OF ART APPRECIATION.
 13

In one of your encounters with art

Answer through museum visits, musicals,
briefly and plays among others, have you
ever felt disconnected from
artwork? Was there a point when
you did not understand what
message the art was trying to
convey?
 14

Art appreciation as a way of life

“The role of art as a creative work is to depict the world in
a completely different light and perspective”
Jean- Paul Sarte

Each artwork beholds a beauty

in its own kind, the kind that
the artist sees and wants
the viewers to perceive.
https://www.philosophytalk.org/blog/sartres-existentialism
 15

Art appreciation as a way of life

 More often than not, people are blind to this beauty and
only those who have developed a fine sense of
appreciation can experience and see the art the way the
artist did.
 Hence, refining one’s ability to appreciate arts allows
him to deeply understand the purpose of an artwork and
recognize the beauty it possesses.
 16

Art appreciation as a way of life

 Learning to appreciate art no matter what vocation or
profession you have, will lead to a fuller and more
meaningful life.
 17

The role of creativity in art

 Creativity requires
thinking outside the box
 In art, creativity is https://myartm
agazine.com/cr

what sets apart one

eative-art-works-
ideas-christoph-
niemann

artwork from another.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/761882461938215961/
When can we say that something is creative?
 19

A wok is creative…

 When we have not seen anything like it

 When it is out of the ordinary
 When it is not just a copy or imitation
of someone’s work
 20

Nowadays, being creative can be quite challenging.

 21

Art as a product of imagination,

imagination as a product of art
“Imagination is more important than
knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we
now know and understand, while imagination
embraces the entire world, and all there ever
will be to know and understand”
– Albert Einstein
 22

Art as a product of imagination,

imagination as a product of art
 Imagination is not constrained by the walls
of the norm, but goes beyond that.
 Through imagination, one is able to craft
something bold, something new, and
something better in the hopes of creating
something that will stimulate change.
 23

Art as a product of imagination,

imagination as a product of art
 Imagination is not constrained by the walls
of the norm, but goes beyond that.
 Through imagination, one is able to craft
something bold, something new, and
something better in the hopes of creating
something that will stimulate change.
 24

by Iain Zaczek (Contributor),

Jude Welton (Contributor),
Caroline Bugler (Contributor),
Lorrie Mack (Contributor),
Ian Chilvers (Editor)

"Art That Changed the World" tells the story of every

major art style, movement by movement, giving art
lovers a visual timeline showing key paintings that
sparked each transition and explaining major events
that shaped their evolution.

Each section features a lavish double-page image of an

influential painting that defines each artistic style.
Seminal works of genius are portrayed in their historical
context, with attention paid to the culture of the time
and the lives of their creators.
 25

https://twitter.com/joseriz15155899

https://soundcloud.com/filipinospeaker/sets/noli-me-tangere-audiobook
 26

Art as a product of imagination,

imagination as a product of art
 Artists use their imagination that gives
birth to reality through creation.
 In the same way that imagination produces
art, art also inspires imagination.
 27

Art as an expression
“what an artist does to an
emotion is not induce it, but
express it. Through expression,
he is able to explore his own
emotions and at the same time,
create something beautiful out of
them.”
– Robin George Collingwood https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portr
ait/mw100319/Robin-George-Collingwood
 28

Art as an expression
 Expressing emotions is different from
describing emotions.
 This makes people’s art not a reflection of
what is outside or external to them, but a
reflection of their inner selves.
 29

Thanks!

Any questions?
 Lesson 2:
Assumptions of Arts
 WHAT IS ART?
▧ Something that is perenially around
us
▧ The word ART comes from the
ancient Latin, ars which means a
“craft or specialized form of skill, like
carpentry or smithying or surgery”
(Collingwood, 1938).
2
 WHAT IS ART?
▧ Arts in Medieval Latin came to mean
something different. It meant “any
special form of book- learning, such
as grammar or logic, magic or
astrology” (Collingwood, 1983).

3
 WHAT IS ART?

▧ The fine arts would come to

mean “not delicate or highly
skilled arts, but “beautiful arts”
(Collingwood, 1983)

4
 1.
Art is universal

5
 ART IS UNIVERSAL

▧ TIMELESS, SPANNING GENERATIONS

AND CONTINENTS THROUGH AND
THROUGH
▧ ARTWORKS MADE LONG TIME AGO IS
NOT NECESSARILY ARTISTIC
▧ AGE IS NOT A FACTOR IN DETERMINING
ART

6
 “
“ART IS NOT GOOD BECAUSE IT IS OLD,
BUT OLD BECAUSE IT IS BEAUTIFUL”
-DUDLEY, ET AL. 1960

7
 ART IS UNIVERSAL

▧ Works of Rizal and Francisco Balagtas

▧ Not read because they are old but
because they are beautifully written
▧ Arts regardless of origin, time, and
place are liked and enjoyed by people
continuously.

8
 2.
Art is not nature

9
 ART IS NOT NATURE

▧ Art is man’s expression of his reception

of nature
▧ It is a man’s way of interpreting nature
▧ Art is made by man, whereas nature is
given by God

10
 3.
Art involves experience

11
 ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
▧ For most people, art does not require a
full definition, art is just experience
▧ “actual doing of something” -Dudley
1960
▧ If one is to know art, he must know it
not as a fact or information but as an
experience
12
 ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

▧ Perception of art is always a

value judgement
▧ It depends on who perceives it–
his tastes, biases, and what he has
inside

13
Categories of Arts
LESSON 2

14
 VISUAL ARTS

INCLUDES:
Painting, Scultpure,
Architecture, and New media –
digital art, computer graphics,
computer animation, virtual art,
Internet art, interactive art, video
games, computer robotics, 3D
printing, and art as biotechnology
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA

15
AUDITORY ART

INCLUDES:
Music and Literature– an art
form that reflects reality and
affects man through sensible and
specially organized sound
sequences consisting chiefly of
tones

16
 PERFORMANCE/COMBINED ARTS

INCLUDES:
Dance, Film, and Theater–
refers to public performance
events which occur mostly in
the theater

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC

BY-SA

17
PHOTOGRAPHY

Art, application, and

practice of creating
durable images by
recording light

18
APPLIED/ DECORATIVE ARTS

INCLUDES:
Fashion design, interior
design, Jewelry and Ceramic
Arts, Furniture, Fabric, Stained
Glass, and Tapestry Arts–
application of aesthetic designs
to everyday functional objects
It may also include architecture if
purely aesthetic

19
BASIC COMPONENTS OF
A WORK OF ART
20
 3 BASIC COMPONENTS

SUBJECT CONTENT FORM

The visual focus or The meaning that is The development and
the image that may communicated by the configuration of the
be extracted from artist or the artwork; art work – how the
examining the elements and the
artwork; medium or material
are put together;
“WHY”
“WHAT”
“HOW”

21
Subject Type
LESSON 2

22
 REPRESENTATIONAL

▧ also figurative art represents

objects or events in the real world,
usually looking easily recognizable
▧ a painting of a cat looks very much
like a cat– it’s quite obvious what
the artist is depicting
23
 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa,
1503.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

24
 NON-REPRESENTATIONAL
▧ Work that does not depict anything
from the real world
▧ Non-representational art may simply
depict shapes, colors, lines, etc., but
may also express things that are not
visible– emotions or feelings for
example.
25
 NON-REPRESENTATIONAL
▧ This figurative or representational work from the
seventeenth century depicts easily recognizable
objects–ships, people, and buildings. But artistic
independence was advanced during the nineteenth
century, resulting in the emergence of abstract art.
Three movements that contributed heavily to the
development of these were Romanticism,
Impressionism, and Expressionism.

26
 ▧ Delaunay’s work is a
primary example of early
nonrepresentational art,
bearing no trace of any
reference to anything
recognizable from the
real world. In
nonrepresentational art,
for instance, one is
unlikely to find
references to naturalistic
entities.
Robert Delaunay, Le Premier Disque, 1913. 27
 ABSTRACT ART

Representational or
non-representational?

28
 ABSTRACT ART

▧ There is no clear-cut divide, rather, they exist in a

spectrum.

Non-representational art Abstract art Representational art

29
 Head of a Woman,
Mougins
Pablo Picasso (1962)

30
 Lesson 2:
Sources of Subject
 SOURCES OF SUBJECT

Nature History Mythology

Religion Life Other Works

Experiences of Art
32
 Lesson 2:
Kinds of Subject
NATURE

INCLUDES:
Landscape, Seascape, and
Cityscape– focused view or
interpretation of specific natural
elements; seas, rivers, mountains,
sky, clouds
Cityscape featuring the city life

34
STILL LIFE

A collection of
inanimate objects
arranged together in
a specific way

35
 PORTRAIT

Painting, photography,
sculpture, or other
artistic representation
of a person with
predominant face and
expression.
The Girl With a Pearl Earring, Jan Vermeer.

36
 HISTORY AND LEGENDS

Defined by its subject matter

rather than style. Usually
depict a moment in a narrative
story, rather than a specific
and static subject, as in a
portrait.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA-NC

37
MYTHOLOGY

From traditional tales invented

to explain a particular belief,
historical event, or fact of
nature

38
 ANIMALS

They have been represented

by artists from almost every
age and place. The earliest
known paintings are
representations of animals on
the walls of caves.
Lying Cow, Vincent Van Gogh, 1883.

39
 EVERYDAY LIFE

Scenes from
everyday life, of
ordinary people in
work or recreation,
depicted in a
generally realistic
manner.

Afternoon Meal of the Rice Workers, Fernando Amorsolo, 1951.

First Prize, New York World’s Fair
40
 DREAMS AND FANTASIES

Dreams allowed
Renaissance
artists to heroize
the creative
imagination and
play with sensual,
pagan scenes.
The Nightmare, Henry Fuseli, 1781.

41
 Lesson 2
Content in Art

42
 CONTENT IN ART

▧ The meaning or message that is expressed

or communicated by the artwork.
▧ In understanding the content of an art, it is
important to note that there are various
levels of meaning: Factual, Conventional,
and Subjective.

43
 FACTUAL MEANING

▧ The most rudimentary level of meaning for it

may be extracted from the identifiable or
recognizable forms in the artwork and
understanding how these elements relate to
one another.

44
 CONVENTIONAL MEANING

▧ Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation

of the artwork using motifs, sign, and
symbols and other cyphers as bases of its
meaning.
▧ Colors – black, red, white
▧ Symbolic Objects – chain, ladder, mirror
▧ Animals – Lion, Butterfly, Dog, Serpent
45
 CONVENTIONAL MEANING

▧ These conventions are established through

time, strengthened by recurrent use and
wide acceptance by its viewers or audience
and scholars who study them.

46
 SUBJECTIVE MEANING

▧ These meanings stem from the viewer’s or

audience’s circumstances that come into
play when engaging with art (what we know,
learned, experienced, values we stand for)
▧ Meaning is multiple and varied

47
Creation of Adam (from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel), Michelangelo, 1814.

48
 ANALYSIS

▧ Subject: Biblical Art

▧ Factual Meaning: Creation Story
▧ Conventional Meaning: Man was created
in the image and likeness of God
▧ Subjective Meaning: endowment of
intellect to man from God

49
Thanks for listening!
Question?
FUNCTIONS
OF ART
Michelle Joy M. Velasco, LPT,
MAEd
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the unit, students should be able:
• To distinguish between functional and non
functional art
• To realize the function of some art forms in
daily life
• To apply concepts and theories on beauty
and aesthetics in real life scenarios
"FUNCTIONS
OF ART"
"FUNCTIONS OF ART"
When it comes to function, different art forms
come with distinctive functions. There is no one-
to-one correspondence between an art and its
function. Some art forms are more functional
than others.

Architecture, for example, as an art is highly

functional just like most applied arts. A building
as a work of art is obviously made for a specific
purpose.
Social Functions
One cannot conceive of a society without art, for
art is closely related to every aspect of social
life.
Arts perform a social function when:
1. Influences Social Behavior

It seeks or tends to influence the collective

behavior of a people. (Guernica by Pablo Picasso)
2. Display and Celebration

It is created to be seen or
used primarily in public
situation.
One function of sculpture and painting is the commemoration of
important personages in society. The statues of national heroes that
grace our parks and plazas are commemorative works as are the
commissioned paintings of leaders or rulers. Often they serve to
record important historical events, or reveal the ideals of heroism
and leadership that the community would want the young to
emulate.
3. Social Description

It expresses or
describes social or
collective aspects of
existence as opposed to
individual and personal
kind of experiences.

Romana Carillo by Justiniano Asuncion (1875)

 Physical Functions
Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives
physically comfortable. Functional works of art may be classified
as either tools or containers.
Tell whether the following is a tool or container.

1. a spoon - tool
2. a car- tool
3. a building- container
4. a community - container container
5. a ceramic vase -
6. a chair.- container
1. Form and Function
The function of an object is generally
determines in the basic form that it
takes. A chair is so designed as to allow
the seated body to rest comfortably on it.
The shapes, sizes , and different parts
are harmoniously related to one another
and integrated into an object that fulfills
and tells about their particular
purpose.
2. Architecture
The design of the building is determined
primarily by its operational function. What is
the building for? Who are going to use it? How
many are they?

The design that a building takes is also adapted

to the climate of the region.

The architect must take the physical,

psychological, and spiritual needs of the family
into account when he designs a house.
3. Community Planning
A community is more than just a group of
buildings. It is a group of individuals and
families living in a particular locality because
of common interest and needs.

Community planning involves the efficient

organization of buildings, roads, and spaces so
that they meet the physical and aesthetic
needs of the community.
 Community planning takes into consideration the
assignment of areas for proper land use. These are:

1. Residential districts
Special areas are assigned for
residential purposes.
The present trend is to get away from
overcrowded downtown districts and
the attendant problems and settle in
areas where it is possible to blend the
charms of rural living with the
conveniences of urban living.
2. Industrial and commercial areas

These areas are usually located

near the source of raw materials.

A commercial area can be a

cluster of small neighborhood
stores, a shopping complex in the
suburbs, or a central downtown
district. It is usually situated where
it can be reached easily by car or
public transport.
3. Civic centers
A community governs itself; it therefore provides
structures where the functions of government can be efficiently
carried out, and which would, in appearance, be symbolic of
community dignity and pride.
4. Parks, plazas, and malls
The need for a balance between man-made structures and
natural areas is answered in the design of plazas and malls. These may
provide some relief from problems such as air and water pollution,
inadequate facilities for recreation, and lack of parking space.
5. Streets and roads
Transportation must function with reasonable ease and rapidity
from one area to another.

Streets are large or small according to their function.

 Function and Beauty
Many things remain the same in shape
throughout the years because their
functional requirements do not allow
for greater variations in their form. Time
has proved that their designs best
enable them to accomplish their
purpose.
"FUNCTIONAL OR
NON-
FUNCTIONAL?"
ELEMENTS
OF ART
 1.
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL
ARTS
 Common Elements of Visual Arts
■ Line
■ Shape
■ Texture
■ Form
■ Space
■ Color
■ Value
3
 LINES
A line is a basic element of art, referring to a
continuous mark, made on a surface, by a moving
point. A line is long relative to its width. It can define
a space, create an outline or pattern, imply
movement or texture and allude to mass or volume

4
 Lines can be..

Straight Curve
■ Horizontal ■ Crooked

■ Vertical
or jagged
■ Diagonal

5
 Horizontal
Lines
Horizontal lines are
found in reclining
persons, in landscape,
calm bodies of water
and in the distant
meeting of the earth
and sky which is called
horizon.
6
 Vertical Lines
• are lines that denote action.
They suggest poise, balance,
force, aspiration, exaltation,
and dynamism.
• Vertical lines also tend to
express as well as arouse
emotions of exaltation and
inquietude
7
 Vertical
Lines
• The Gothic
Cathedrals express
the aforementioned
sentiments that
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

possessed the soul

of northern Europe-
Middle Ages.
8
 Diagonal
Lines
• suggest action,
life, and
movement.
• Almost every
object in action
This Photo by Unknown Author
is licensed under CC BY-SA assumes a
diagonal line
9
 Curved
Lines
•suggest grace,
subtleness,
direction, instability,
movement,
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-NC-ND
flexibility,
joyousness, and
grace.
10
 Lines in Painting

11
 Lines in Drawing

12
 Lines in
Architechture

13
 COLORS
Color is the visual element that has the
strongest effect on our emotions. It is the
element we use to create the mood or
atmosphere of an artwork.

14
 Color as Light
Street Light, Giacomo Balla,
1909.
a poetic impression that
represents the physical
properties of light. At its
center, the bulb burns with a
white heat in the darkness of
the night. Its radiant glow
dissolves in concentric waves,
each of which diminish in
intensity and change color to
suggest the different
15` wavelengths of the spectrum.
`
 Color as Tone a classic example of
Lake Lucerne, Emile Nolde,
1930. an expressionist
painting technique. It
is painted more from
memory than from
observation using
the natural fluidity of
watercolor to mirror the
changing mood of the
16`
landscape.
`
 Color as Form
Portrait of Matisse, Andre Derain,
1905.
To create the illusion of
form in a painting,
artists traditionally
added lighter and
darker pigments to the
main color of an object
in order to render the
naturalistic effects of
17`
light and shade.
`
 Color as
Violin and Checkerboard, Juan Gris
Pattern
1913.
the artist assigns
different colors to
particular shapes
which create an
asymmetrical pattern
of forms arranged
around the white cloth
at the center of the
18` painting.
`
 Color as
Blue Dancers, Edgar Degas, 1899.
Harmony
Harmony is the
compatibility, balance or
progression of similar
elements. 'Blue Dancers'
by Edgar Degas is a
carefully composed pastel
painting that illustrates
the harmony of color as
well as several other
19` visual elements.
`
 Color as Contrast
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, Joseph
Mallord William Turner, 1835.

20`

`
 Color as Contrast
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and
Commons, Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1835.

• The composition of the work is divided

into four sections, each of which harbors
one of the four classical elements.
• This painting is a cleverly arranged
contrast of opposite colors, tones and
classical elements which Turner has
devised to heighten the impact of each.
21`

`
 Color as
Vonal KSZ, Victor Vasarely, 1968.
Movement
Victor Vasarely makes use
of this impulse to create
an impression of
movement by combining
graduated squares and
sequential colors. These
lead the eye into and
through the image with
increasing and decreasing
22` acceleration.
`
 Color as Mood
The Old Guitarist, Pablo Picasso,
1903-04.
In 1901 Picasso sank into
a deep depression after
the suicide of his close
friend Carlos Casagemas.
His subsequent work
reflected his sad
psychological state in
both its subject matter
and the colors he used to
23` paint it.
`
 TEXTURE
is an element that deals more
directly with the sense of touch

24
TEXTURE
• During the 19th to 20th centuries, a
high premium was placed on very
smooth surfaces and forms. A group of
painters including Cézanne, Picasso,
and others emphasized texture by
purposely making portions of the
paintings rough.
• Texture is being used by sculptors,
architecture, paintings, and any other
forms of art.
25
ACTUAL TEXTURE
refers to
the physical
rendering or the
real surface
qualities we can
notice by touching
an object

26
VISUAL TEXTURE
refers to an implied
sense of texture that
the artist creates
through the use of
various artistic
elements such as line,
shading, and color.
27
VISUAL TEXTURE

John Singer Sargent,

Coming Down From
Mont Blanc, 1909-
1911

28
 SPACE
refers to distances or areas
around, between or within
components of a piece.

29
SPACE
• Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or dark),
open or closed, shallow or deep
and two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually
within a piece, but the illusion of it
30
is.
SPACE

31
 SHAPE AND FORM
is the property of a two-
dimensional form, usually
defined by a line around it or by
a change in color.
32
 SHAPE & FORM
• applies to the overall design of a
work of art. It describes the structure
or shape of an object.
• directs the movement of the eyes.
• Since form consists of size and
volume, it signifies visual weight.

33
 GEOMETRIC
forms that are mathematical, precise,
and can be named, as in the basic
geometric forms: sphere, cube,
pyramid, cone, and cylinder. A circle
becomes a sphere in three
dimensions, a square becomes a cube,
a triangle becomes a pyramid or cone.

34
 ORGANIC
those that are free-flowing, curvy,
sinewy, and are not symmetrical
or easily measurable or named.
They most often occur in nature,
as in the shapes of flowers,
branches, leaves, puddles, clouds,
animals, the human figure.
35
 SHAPE &
FORM

36
 2.
ELEMENTS OF
AUDITORY ARTS
 Common Elements of Auditory Arts
■ Rhythm
■ Melody
■ Pitch
■ Harmony
■ Tempo
■ Dynamics
■ Timbre
38
 Rhythm
The variation of length and
accentuation of a series of sound. It
is a larger concept that includes the
beat and everything that happens to
sound in relation to time.
39
 Beat
■ Most fundamental component of rhythm
■ The simple pulse found in almost all
music familiar to us
Meter
■ Used to measure a rhythm
■ Arrangement of a rhythm in a fixed, regular
pattern with a uniform number of beats in
40
uniform measures.
 Melody
■ An organized group of pitches strung out
sequentially to from a satisfying musical
entity
■ is the associated mental motion sometimes
called memory element because it is always
41
remembered by listeners
 Pitch
■ Indicates the highness or lowness of
sound and is determined solely by the
frequency of molecular vibrations

42
 ■ The slower the
vibration, the
lower the pitch.
■ The faster the
vibration, the
higher the pitch.
43
 Harmony
■ The manner of sound combination – the
sounding series or group of tones at the
same time or simultaneously
■ The simultaneous sounding of pitches
regardless of whether the chords sound
pleasing or not.
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 Chord
■ A combination of two or more tones sounded
at the same time fundamental component of
rhythm
Concord
■ A combination or chord that produces an
impression or agreeableness or resolution to the
listener
Discord or dissonance

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 Tempo
■ The speed of a certain musical piece.
It may be slow, quick or moderate.

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 List of Terms Commonly
Used to Indicate Tempo
Largo - Very slow Allegreto - Moderately
Adagio – Slow and fast
stately Allegro - Fast presto –
Andante – At a walking very fast
pace Accelerando - Gradually
Andantino – becoming faster
Alternatively faster or Ritardando - Gradually
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slower than andante becoming slower
 Dynamics
■ The amount, strength or volume of the
sound
■ Refers to the loudness and softness
of music
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 Timbre
■ Refers to tone quality. Helps
differentiate one type of voice to
another or instrument from another.

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 3.
ELEMENTS OF
COMBINED ARTS
 Common Elements of Dance
■ Theme
■ Design
■ Movement
■ Technique
■ Music
■ Costume and Paraphernalia
■ Choreography
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 THEME
is the most basic element of a
dance. It conveys the message
of a dance.

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 DESIGN
is the pattern of movement in time
and space.

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 MOVEMENT
refers to the bodily actions of the dancer
that include his steps, gestures of the
arms, hands, and body and facial
expression

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 TECHNIQUE
is the skill of movement executed
by the dancer

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 MUSIC
is the auditory background to
which a dancer moves. A
dance is always accomplished
by any form of music.
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 COSTUME
are properties worn by the
dancers that help reflect the
message, customs, beliefs,
and setting of the dance.
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 CHOREOGRAPHY
refers to the figures and steps
in dancing that enable the
dancers to perform in an
organized manner.
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 Common Elements of Theater
■ Scenery
■ Acting/Actors
■ Sound
■ Spatial Relationships
■ Lighting
■ Costumes

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 SCENERY
Provides the physical
environment in which the
dramatic action comes to life

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 ACTING/ACTORS
actors bring the characters
to life, investing them with
movement, voice, passion,
intellect, and desire
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 SOUND
generate meaning,
create mood, and
enhance atmosphere or
feeling in a theatrical
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 SPATIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
the physical positioning of
actors on the stage relative to
other actors, scenic elements,
the playing space, and the
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audience
 LIGHTING
• Make actors visible on
stage
• artistic purpose of
conveying information and
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atmosphere about
 COSTUMES
• May convey external aspects
of character
• May also suggest inner
elements such as mood and
personality
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 AUDIENCE
• Presentation/Representational style
• Motion
• Physical arrangement
• Emotional relationship to the action
• Audience makeup

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 THANKS!
Questions?

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