Biofertilizer

Presented by
Gyandip deka
Introduction

• Biofertilizer is a biological substance which contains living Microorganisms

when applied to seed , plant surfaces, or soil, promote growth by several
mechanisms such as increasing the supply of nutrients, increasing root
biomass or root area and increasing nutrient uptake capacity of the plant
• Biofertilizer add nurtients through the activity like nitrogen
fixation ,phosporous stabilization, stimulation plant growth through the
synthesis of growth promoting substance
Types of Biofertilizers

• Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Rhizobium is one of the vital symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Here bacteria seek shelter and obtain
food from plants. In return, they help by providing fixed nitrogen to the plants.

• Loose Association of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Azospirillum is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live around the roots of higher plants but do not
develop an intimate relationship with plants.

• Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria

Blue-Green algae or Cyanobacteria from the symbiotic association with several plants.
Rhizobium

• Rhizobium inhibiting gram negative bacterium which

inhibit the root nudules of most of the leguminous Plant
• Rhizobium are soil inhibiting bacteria that fix nitrogen after
becoming established inside the nudules
• Rhizobium maintain the symbiosis relationship with
legumes by responding chemotactive to flavonoid
molecule released as signals by the legumes host
Cyanobacteria

• Cyanobacteria which are also known as blue green algae ,are

photoautotrophic
• They are free living and fix the atmospheric nitrogen in soil moist
• They also include unicellular as well as filamentous species having
specialized cells known as heterocyst, such as anabaena nostoc
• These cells are the site for nitrogen fixation and few of these
which have no heterocystous can reduce N2 into NH3,i.e
nitrogen fixation
Azospirillum

• It mainly present in cereal plant

• Inhibit both root cells as well as surrounding of roots
• Forming symbiotic relation and increasing nitrogen fixating potential of the
cereal plant
• Some strains of Azospirillum have been found to have antagonistic effects
against certain plant pathogens, helping to protect plants from diseases
Benefits of Biofertilizers

• Improved Soil Health: Biofertilizers enrich the soil with beneficial microorganisms that
enhance nutrient availability and soil structure.
• Nutrient Enhancement: They fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it accessible to plants, and also
provide essential nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients
• Reduced Pollution: By decreasing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers, biofertilizers help
minimize water and soil pollution caused by excess nutrient runoff.
• Cost Savings: Farmers can cut costs by reducing their dependence on costly chemical fertilizers.
• Increased Crop Yield: Biofertilizers enhance nutrient uptake by plants, leading to better growth
and higher yields.
•
• Disease Suppression: Some biofertilizers contain beneficial microorganisms
that help suppress harmful pathogens and diseases.
• Biodiversity Support: These fertilizers contribute to a healthier soil ecosystem
by promoting diverse microbial communities
• Non-Toxic: Unlike chemical fertilizers, biofertilizers are generally non-toxic
and safer for both farmers and consumers.
• Long-Term Benefits: Continuous use of biofertilizers can lead to sustainable
improvements in soil fertility over time.