Name: Tanya-Marie Cespedes

Experiment # 4 – Determination of fluoride ion concentration in drinking water

Objectives:
1. To calculate the amount of fluoride ions in two water samples
2. To prepare various standard solutions in ppm

Equipment and Chemicals:

Glacial acetic acid distilled water
NaCl beaker (100ml, 500ml)
Cyclohexylamine-dinitrilotetraacetic acid ice bath
6M NaOH pH meter
Sodium fluoride volumetric flask (1L)
Volumetric pipette (25ml) fluoride ion electrode

Procedure
1. Prepare a total ion strength adjustment buffer (TISAB) by adding together 28ml of acetic
acid, 29.0g NaCl, 2g of cyclohexylamine-dinitrilotetraacetic acid and 250ml distilled
water into a 500ml beaker. Place the beaker in an ice water to cool the contents and then
add 6M NaOH until the pH of the contents is between 5.0-5.5. Dilute the mixture to
500ml.
2. Measure 0.22g of NaF and add to 1L volumetric flask and fill to mark with distilled
water. Mix well. Determine fluoride concentration in ppm.
3. Prepare 100ml of standard solution containing 10ppm, 5ppm, 1ppm, 0.5ppm and 0.1ppm
of F.
4. Using a volumetric pipette, add 25ml of each standard solution and 25ml of TISAB to six
500ml beakers. Mix well
5. Pipette 25ml of each tap water sample and 25ml of TISAB into separate 100ml beakers.
Mix well
6. Obtain a fluoride ion electrode and place the tip into the beaker containing 100ppm
standard solution for 15mins and measure the potential on a pH meter. Repeat and
measure remaining standard solutions, then the two water samples.
 7. Close the electrode air hole and rinse with distilled water.
Safety:
1. Wear proper PPE
2. Handle NaF carefully with gloves and avoid contact, other immediately wash the skin
with copious amount of water because NaF is highly toxic
3. Handle acids under the fumehood and avoid direct contact

Prelab Questions
1.

2. C1V1 = C2V2

10 ppm 5 ppm 1 ppm

100ppm * x = 10 ppm * 100ml 100ppm * x = ppm * 100ml 10ppm * x = 1 ppm * 100ml
X = 10 * 100 X = 5 * 100 X = 1 * 100
100 100 10
X = 10ml X = 5 ml X = 10ml
Add 10ml of 100ppm and fill to Add 5 ml of 100ppm and fill to Add 10ml of 10ppm and fill to
100ml volume with distilled water. 100ml volume with distilled 100ml volume with distilled
water. water.
 0.5 ppm 0.1 ppm
10ppm * x = 0.5 ppm * 100ml 10ppm * x = 0.1 ppm * 100ml
X = 0.5 * 100 X = 0.1 * 100
10 10
X = 5 ml X = 1ml
Add 5ml of 10ppm and fill to 100ml volume Add 1ml of 10ppm and fill to 100ml volume
with distilled water. with distilled water.

3. LOG :

10ppm = Log (F-) = Log (22) = 1.34

5ppm = Log (F-) = Log (11) = 1.04
1 ppm = Log (F-) = Log (2.2) = 0.34
0.5 ppm = Log (F-) = Log (1.1) = 0.04
0.1 ppm = Log (F-) = Log (0.22) = -0.66