Volume

The amount of space occupied by a substance.

Calculating volume:
Regular shape Irregular shape

Example: Block
Use the displacement method

Multiply lengths of sides

The increase Volume of
3 3
V = 12 *4 * 3 = 144 mm / cm / m
3
of volume
in water
= irregular
object

Measuring cylinders
Which of these
has a larger
volume?
 Density
• It is how much space an object takes up!
• It is how close the atoms and molecules are to each other.
• All substances have density as solids, liquids and gasses.
Calculating Density 3
• If mass is in gm and volume
3
is in cm
then density is in gm/cm

• If mass is in km and volume is in m

3
mass
then density is in km/m
3

density × volume

Mass per unit Volume.

 Why do objects sink or float?

Density > Density

It floats
of an object of the liquid
Density
of an object > Density
of the liquid It sinks

Simulation:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/density/latest/density_en.html
 How do huge cargo ships
float in water?
When could they sink?

• Ships have a large mass because they are made of steel,

3
but because they have a large volume their density is less than 1 gm/cm.
So they float .
3
• If enough mass is added to them such that their density goes above 1 gm/cm ,
They will sink.
Have you wondered why
hot balloons rise?

• When the air is heated is becomes less dense

until the balloon total density is less than that of atmosphere ;
the hot air balloon is literally floating over denser colder air.