TEAM GAMES AND SPORTS

VOLLEYBALL - game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use their hands to bat
a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it
can be returned.

HISTORY
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of
basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in
Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.”

Local Association
The Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association (PAVA) was founded by the Playground and Recreation Bureau
(PRB) of the Philippines on July 4, 1961. It was renamed the Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF) in 2003. The
PVF was the recognized sporting body for volleyball until 2015, when recognition was transferred to the Larong
Volleyball sa Pilipinas (LVPI), following a leadership dispute in the PVF. The LVPI itself was succeeded by the
Philippine National Volleyball Federation (PNVF) in 2021.

TERMINOLOGIES
Ace - A serve that is not returned and results in a point
Assist - Passing or setting the ball to a player who attacks the ball for a point.
Block - A defensive play, where a player deflects a spiked ball back into the opponent’s court by jumping in front of the
ball with their hands above the net.
Campfire - A ball that falls on the floor and is surrounded by two or more players.
Cut shot - An attack with angle, almost parallel to the net
Dig - Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball
Dink - A legal pushing of the ball over the blockers.
Double hit - When a player makes contact with the ball twice in a row.
Floater - A legal pushing of the bA non-spinning serve, it can sometimes have erratic movement during flight all over
the blockers.
Fool fault - When a player steps over the line while serving, which results in a point for the opposing team
Jumpserve - A type of serve that is done by tossing the ball into the air, jumping, and hitting the ball when it is in its
downward motion.
Joust - When the ball is falling directly on top of the net, two opposing players will jump and attempt to push the ball to
the other side.
Kill - A successful hit that results in an immediate point
Let - When a serve hits the top of the net and rolls onto the other side, resulting in a point.
Line Shot - A ball that is spiked right down the opposing sideline
Off-speed hit - A ball that is spiked with less force and has spin.
Power Alley - A cross court spike that reaches the furthest end of the court.
Reception Error - When a player is unable to return a serve that should have been returned, and it results in an ace.
Roll Shot - An offensive play similar to a spike, but a hitter will make contact underneath the ball and move their arm
upwards instead of swinging down. This type of shot is meant to go high enough to avoid a block and is typically aimed
around 10 feet away from the net.
Pancake - A type of dig that occurs when a player extends his or her hand flat on the floor, and lets the ball bounce off
the back of his or her hand.
Service Error - An unsuccessful serve that occurs by the ball landing out of bounds,failing to clear thenet, or a foot fault
from the server.
Shank - A wild and unplayable pass.
Shot - An offensive play in which a ball is set and directed into an open area on the court.
Side out - When the serving team loses the rally causing the other team to serve for the next point.
Spike - When the hitter attacks the ball with a swinging motion. This is in an attempt to get a kill.
Strong Side - Left side of the court for right handed hitters.
Tip - A soft and off-speed attack done with the fingertips.
Weak side - Right side of the court.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

THE VOLLEYBALL COURT

Court Dimensions - The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The net in placed in the center of the court,
making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.
Center Line - A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above which the
net is placed.
Attack Line - An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.
Service Line - A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right
sideline on each back line.
The Net - Volleyball poles which support the net should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.
The net is placed directly above the center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women and 8 feet above the
ground for men.

RULES OF THE GAME

● Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row.
● Points are made on every serve for the winning team of the rally (rally-point scoring).
● Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
● Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
● A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
● A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the net or cables outside the
antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling above a non-playable area.
● It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
● It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
● A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
● After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
● Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play.

VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATION

● Stepping on or across the service line when serving while making contact with the ball.
● Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
● Ball-handling errors and contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying, throwing, etc.)
● Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
● Blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when reaching over the net if your
opponent has not used 3 contacts AND has a player there to make a play on the ball.
● Attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when reaching over the net when the
ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of the net.
● Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body, with the exception of a hand or foot. It is only
considered a violation if the entire hand or entire foot crosses the court centerline.
● Serving out of rotation or out of order.
 ● Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at the moment of contact, the back
row player is near the net and has part of their body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.
● Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the 3M/10-foot line) when, at the moment
of contact, the ball is completely above the net. This is an illegal attack.

SAFETY TIPS FOR VOLLEYBALL

WEAR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

- I usually recommend knee pads at the very minimum. It will keep your knees safe and prevent floor burns as
well as bruises. The volleyball standards need to have padding on them to protect yourself. If wires are used to
hold the poles in place, pads should be used on the wires as well.

COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR TEAM

- Many volleyball injuries are the result of colliding with a teammate. Call for the ball and listen to your team to
avoid this kind of injury.

CALL BALLS THAT ROLL ONTO THE COURT

- When practicing or when there are multiple games going on in one location, balls can roll onto the court. Make
sure that you call them out so that no one lands on the ball.

CHECK THE GROUND

- If you are playing outdoors, check the sand/grass for sharp objects or glass prior to playing.

WEAR PROPER FOOTWEAR

- Many injuries occur because of improper footwear that does not provide adequate support. You may also
consider ankle braces to avoid injuries that occur from landing on someone’s foot (a common volleyball and
basketball injury).

STAY HYDRATED
- Drink plenty of water or sports fluid.

STRETCH AND WARM UP

- Many muscle injuries occur because the muscles are cold and go from a resting state to a maximum exertion
state immediately. Warming up and stretching will prevent injuries and muscle soreness after the game.

WEAR SUNSCREEN WHEN PLAYING OUTSIDE.

FIRST AID CAN HELP

- It is always a good idea to be prepared for any kind of situation. A basic knowledge of what to do for cuts,
bruises, and sprains would come in handy.

BASIC FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

Serving - The serve is the first contact in a volleyball game, and it's an important opportunity to gain an advantage over
the opposing team. It is a skill that every player must master as it’s the first move that can give your team momentum
and shut down your opponent’s momentum. There are different types of serves, such as the underhand serve, the
overhand serve, and the jump serve. Some more advanced serves include the floater and the topspin. No matter
which type of serve you decide to do, the key to a good serve is accuracy and consistency, which requires practice to
master.
Passing - Also known as the bump, is used to receive the ball from the opposing team's serve or hit. The goal of
passing is to keep the ball in play and set up an offensive play. To pass effectively, the player should get in position,
keep their arms straight and feet parallel, extend their knees forward, and make contact with the ball using their
forearms.
Setting - Setting or overhead passing is the most important step in an offensive play as it determines which player gets
to spike or attack. This is normally done by the team’s setter and is the second step in the pass-set- spike sequence.
The setter must have good hand-eye coordination and the ability to make quick decisions to determine who to pass to.
To set, the player should use their fingertips and create a triangle with their thumb and fingers. Their hands should be
above their heads with their fingers relaxed but steady, with their knees and elbows slightly bent.
Attacking - Attacking, also known as hitting, is the final step in the pass-set- spike sequence and is used to score
points. There are a variety of different ways to attack a ball, but the most common and consistently effective way to do
so is by spiking.
Spiking is a combination of jumping with powerful arm swings in order to smash the ball onto the opponent’s side of
the court.
Cross-court spike: A cross- court spike is an attack that goes diagonally across the court, from one corner to the
opposite corner. This type of spike is often used to avoid the opposing team's blockers and to target an open area of the
court.
Line spike: A line spike is an attack that goes straight down the line ahead of the hitter, either on the left or right side of
the court. This type of spike is difficult to block, but also difficult to land as it is treading near the out-of-bounds line.
Tool spike: A tool spike is an attack that intentionally hits off the opposing team's blockers, deflecting the ball out of
bounds. This type of spike is often used when the opposing team's blockers are positioned close to the net and the
attacker has limited options. To be a good spiker, the player must have good timing, jumping power, and overall
athleticism. To spike effectively, the player should approach the ball with a quick three-step approach, jump high, and
hit the ball with force and accuracy.
Blocking - Blocking is a defensive skill used to stop the opposing team's attack and can also be used to potentially
score points. Blockers must focus on stopping the opposing team’s offensive attacks, while also paying attention to the
opposing setter so that they can better predict the opposing team’s attack strategy. It is important for blockers to be able
to react to an attack quickly and be in position before the attack is completed.
Digging - Digging is a defensive skill used to save the ball from hitting the ground. It is often done when the ball does
not come directly at the player, and a standard underhand pass would be impossible or extremely difficult to get. To get
into a digging position, the player must sink their hips low to the floor with their heels slightly raised in order to be light
on their feet. They must then stretch out their arms into the underhand pass position.
Liberos are often the position that digs the most as they are the core of a team’s defense.