EE 137 – DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND

SUBSTATION DESIGN

TOPIC NO. 2 – TYPES OF

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 TRANSFORMER SUB-STATION TRANSFORMER

G
GENERATION TRANSMISSION/DISTRIBUTION
END-USER
Distribution systems can, in general, be divided into six parts, namely: subtransmission circuits,
distribution substations, distribution or primary feeders, distribution transformers, secondary
circuits or secondaries, and consumers’ service connections and meters or consumers’ services.

The subtransmission circuit consist of

underground cable, aerial cable, or overhead
open-wire conductors carried on poles, or some
combination of them. The subtransmission
voltage is usually between 11kV and 33kV,
inclusive.
 What is Radial System ?

The radial type of distribution

system, a simple form of which is
shown in Figure , is the most
common. It is used extensively to
serve the light- and medium-density
load areas where the primary and
secondary circuits are usually
carried overhead on poles.
Parallel Feeders Distribution System
 Parallel- or Loop-Circuit Distribution System

A parallel- or loop-circuit subtransmission layout is shown in

Figure , on which no single fault on any circuit will interrupt
service to a distribution substation.

In other words, a ring is a loop from which substations can be

supplied and into which power is fed at more than one point.

The ring arrangement is quite often used for subtransmission. It

is a simple form of subtransmission network, and as the system
grows it very often develops into a grid.
 NETWORK or GRID SYSTEM

The network form of subtransmission is flexible in that it can

readily be extended to supply additional distribution
substations in the area it covers with a relatively small amount
of new circuit construction . It requires a large number of
circuit breakers, however, and is difficult and costly to relay.
END