Different types of compounds

Substances exhibit different properties. The

difference is the way they are bind with each
other. The type of bond involved in the
formation of a substance affects its behavior
and
only One type of matter and have a definite
Or constant composition and consistent
behavior in chemical reaction. It can be further
divided
into two: elements and compounds.
Element is any substance that can no longer
be separated into its components by chemical
means. It contains only one kind of atom.
Hence, Compounds are formed when two or
more
elements are combined. Chemical
combinations between atoms of these
elements result from the
tendency of atoms to attain stability.

definition, a chemical bond is a force that

holds atoms together to make compounds or
molecules. Metals have low electronegativity
and ionization energy, thus they tend to
transfer or
LOOSE electrons. Non-metals have high
electronegativity and ionization energy. They
have a
greater tendency to attract electrons towards
themselves. Thus, non-metals tend to GAIN
electrons.
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency
of an atom to attract electrons, the higher
its value, the higher its tendency to attract
electrons. Ionization energy is the energy
needed to
pull or remove one or more electron/s from a
neutral atom. The lower the ionization energy
the
easier it is to remove its valence electrons
Compounds can be classified as ionic or
covalent according to its properties.
.Ionic compounds are formed when an element
gives away its electron(s) to another element
They are usually formed when a metallic
element with low electronegativity bonds with
nonmetallic element with high electronegativity
However, there are few exemptions, for
example aluminium chloride (AlCIs) aluminium
is a metal with an electronegativity value of 1.5
while chlorine is a non-metal with ar
lectronegativity value of 3.0. These two
elements cannot form an ionic bond because
theit
electronegativity difference is only 1.5.
In this case, there is not enough energy to
facilitate the complete transfer of electrons.
Instead, the participating atoms perform
sharing of electrons which results to polar
covalent
pond. A very common example of ionic
compound is sodium chloride (table salt)
2.Covalent compounds are formed when
elements share electrons. They are formed
when a
nonmetal element bond with another nonmetal.
There are two types of covalent compound; the
polar covalent compound and nonpolar
covalent compound. The table below shows
the
electronegativity differences and bond type.
Electronegativity Differences &
Bond Type

Type of Bond:
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Polar Covalent Bond
lonic Bond
Electronegativity
Difference Range:
0.0-0.4
0.5-20
greater than 2.0
Hardness, ionic compounds are solids at room
temperature. The strong forces in ionic
compounds
allow them to form crystals which make them
harder than covalent compounds.
Melting point, the strongest bond in crystalline
structure of ionic compound require high
energy to change its solid phase into liquid
phase resulting to higher melting and boiling
points
of ionic compounds than covalent compounds.
Solubility, most ionic compounds are soluble in
water. The solubility of ionic compounds
depends on bond polarity - that is, the property
resulting from the formation of dipole or
multiple moment in a molecule (e.g. a positive
and a negative pole present in a
molecule). Polar
covalent compounds can be only dissolved in a
polar solvent. Nonpolar covalent compounds
can only be dissolved in a nonpolar solvent.
Conductivity, Ionic compounds are also good
conductors of heat due to the presence of
metals that allow electrons to flow freely.
Covalent compounds do not have 1ons; thus,
they are poor conductors of electricity. The
presence pf non-metals makes covalent
compounds poor
conductors of heat. Ionic compounds conduct
electricity when in solution but not in solid
phase
while covalent compounds are non-conductors
of electricity both in solid and in liquid phase.