Research Report

Quantitative Research is a systematic approach to gather and analyze numerical data to

understand and explain phenomena. Quantitative research often focuses on objective
measurements and numerical data, such as demographics, survey responses, test scores, or
experimental outcomes.
There are several methods are commonly used to collect and analyze numerical data.
1. Surveys: Surveys involve gathering data from a sample of individuals through
questionnaires or interviews.
2. Experiments: Experiments involve manipulating variables and measuring the effects on
an outcome of interest.
3. Statistical modeling: Statistical modeling involves using mathematical models and
statistical techniques to analyze relationships between variables and make predictions.

Qualitative Research is a method of inquiry used to understand and interpret social

phenomena. It focuses on exploring and understanding the subjective experiences,
perspectives, and meanings of individuals or groups.
There are several common methods used in qualitative research.
1. Interviews: Researchers conduct interviews with individuals or groups to gather in-depth
information about their experiences, perspectives, and opinions.
2. Observations: Researchers observe and document behaviors, interactions, and social
processes in natural settings.
3. Case studies: Researchers conduct an in-depth investigation of a particular individual,
group, organization, or event.

Mixed Methods Research is an approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative
research methods within a single study or research project. It involves collecting, analyzing, and
integrating both numerical and non-numerical data to gain a comprehensive understanding of a
research topic.
 Explaination
In quantitative research, data is collected using standardized instruments or measures, such
as questionnaires or scales, to ensure consistency and reliability. The data is then analyzed using
statistical techniques to identify patterns, test hypotheses, and draw conclusions.
1. Survey is a research tool used to gather data by asking a series of questions to a targeted
group of individuals. Researchers can summarize the data, calculate frequencies,
percentages, or conduct more advanced statistical analyses to draw conclusions and
make interpretations.
2. Experiments should be conducted ethically and with proper consideration for
participant safety and informed consent. Additionally, the design of an experiment can
vary depending on the research question and the specific variables being investigated.
3. Statistical modeling is a technique used to analyze and interpret data by creating
mathematical models that represent the relationships between variables. These models
help researchers understand and make predictions about complex systems or
phenomena based on observed data.
Unlike quantitative research, which relies on numerical data and statistical analysis,
qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data, such as interviews,
observations, and textual analysis. It aims to provide in-depth insights, uncover patterns, and
generate theories or hypotheses.
1. Interviews can be structured (with predefined questions) or unstructured (allowing for
more open-ended responses). During an interview, researchers ask questions to gather
data and information from participants, which means it focuses on people's experiences,
opinions, and perspectives. Interviews are a valuable tool for gathering rich and detailed
data that can provide valuable insights into the research topic.
2. In observation, the researcher observes and takes notes on various aspects of the
situation or individuals being observed. This can include behaviors, interactions, body
language, environmental factors, and any other relevant details. There are two main
types of observation: participant observation and non-participant observation. In
participant observation, the researcher actively engages in the setting or group being
observed, becoming a part of it and interacting with the participants. In non-participant
observation, the researcher remains separate from the setting or group being observed
and simply observes without actively participating. Observation allows researchers to
gather data in a real-world context and provides insights into actual behaviors and
interactions.
3. In a case study, researchers collect and analyze data from multiple sources, such as
interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. They gather rich and detailed
information about the case, including its background, context, events, and outcomes.
 Case studies are a powerful tool for gathering detailed and context-specific data in
research. They allow researchers to dive deep into a particular case, uncovering rich
insights and contributing to a deeper understanding of the research topic.

In mixed methods research, researchers use a combination of qualitative and quantitative

methods to address different aspects of the research question. This approach allows for a more