ETHICS
CHRISTOPHER CAUREL
Teaching and learning
module in Moral philosophy
Christopher V. Caurel
AB Philosophy, MA Psych, Ph.D Psych
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY-
ANDREWS CAMPUS
TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN
PHILIPPINES 3500
0935-560-4276
EMAIL: chriscaurel@yahoo.com
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course is intended to equip the
students with the necessary knowledge
and understanding of the philosophies,
theories and principle of morality, moral
practices and contemporary moral issues.
TOPIC OUTLINE
•Introduction
• Branches of Philosophy
*Metaphysics, Epistemology, Moral
Philosophy, Aesthetics, Logic, Ethics, et
al.
• Division of Philosophy
a. Ancient Philosophy
b. Medieval Philosophy
c. Modern Philosophy
• Difference of Ethics and Morality
• Different Theories
MR.
OUTCOMES TOPIC OBJECTIVES
• Appraise the importance of philosophy
• Develop insights into the nature of moral
philosophy
• Appraise the significance of philosophy
to contemporary life
Introductory
What this Moral philosophy course all
about...
ethics?
Morality?
Philosophy?
Theories?
What this moral philosophy is not...
this is not values education
...this is not catechism
this is not moral theology
Division of philosophy
a. Ancient philosophy (pre-socratic period)
1. Thales
• Metaphysics and Epistemology tries to
answer the question, what is the basic
stuff of everthing?
• According to the idea of Thales, WATER
is the basic stuff of
• This principle speculated that everything
came from water.
Example:
* a piece of wood
2. Anaximander
According to the idea of Anaximander,
FIRE is the basic stuff of everything.
• This principle speculated that everything
came from fire.
Example:
* the world surrounded by fire
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* star/ heavenly bodies
* the can be change according to seasons
3. Anaximenes
• According to the idea of Anaximenes,
AIR is the basic stuff of everything.
• This principle speculated that everything
came from air.
Example:
* the world float on air
* the idea of evaporation
4. Pythagoras
• According to the idea of Pythagoras,
NUMBER is the basic stuff of everything.
• This principle speculated that everything
came from number.
Example:
* everything can be enumerated,
countable and measurable.
5. Heraclitus
• According to the idea of Heraclitus,
CHANGE is the basic stuff of everything.
• This principle speculated that everything
came from change.
Example:
* everything will change
* there's only one permanent- change
6. Parmenides
• According to the idea of Parmenides,
REASON is the basic stuff of everything. •
This principle speculated that everything
came from reason.
Example:
* the first "priori"
* principle of reason
* you cannot create something out of
nothing
MR. CHRISTOPHER CAUREL
7. Empedocles
• According to the idea of Empedocles,
ILLUSION is the basic stuff of everything. •
This principle speculated that everything
came from illusion.
Example:
* change is a mere illusion
* everything came from imagination
8. Anaxagoras
• According to the idea of Anaxagoras,
MIND is the basic stuff of everything.
• This principle speculated that everything
came from mind.
Example:
* nous
* intelligence
* knowledge
b. Medieval philosophy
(development of ideas)
18/28
1. socrates
• Prove the Unprovable
• What is Socratic Method?
a. Knowledge is a strong belief
b. Knowledge is ANALYSIS
c. Dialectic Method
2. Plato
A. The Theory of Forms (separation
between the Matter and Form) > the
true/real object the we perceive in reality is
NOT true/real, but it is only a FORM
Explanation:
the one that makes the existence of
everything is the form. When the form
separated into matter, the matter no
longer exist. Ex. Chair and a
wood/metal/plastic.
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B. The Theory of Knowledge- it is not just
a mere perception but more than
perception.
Example:
"The Myth of the Cave"
Characters:
1. Cave-the world/ experience thru our
senses
2. Sunlight-realm of forms
3. Prisoner- ordinary people, taking
sensible world as real world
4. Escaped Prisoner- philosopher, who
seen light, true reality
C. The Theory of Love- define love as
longing and belonging, striving for to attain
the object.
3. ARISTOTLE
"What is it to be" To be is a particular
thing/object.
Example: a PARTICULAR statue, stuff.
What is the Actuality and Possibility?
A. The Theory of Forms Form is a
universal, something that more than
universal form. Therefore, Form and
Matter cannot be separated
B. Theory of Knowledge
-comes into our perfect INTUITION
- Even the existence of God come from
INTUITION.
C. MODERN PHILOSOPHY
RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
A. St. Augustine
Faith is the Ultimate source of Everything.
1. can be adopted
2. Faith can be ammended
MR. CHRISTOPHER CAUREL
Christianity remains strong because of the
Foundation- Faith.
Augustine says: "Creation Ex Nihilo"- God
Created the world out of nothing.
B. St. Thomas Aquinas Tries to seek the
boundaries of these two fields:
1. Philosophy- based into the precepts of
reason
2. Theology-based into the truths of
revelation true faith
# He was convinced that there's a real
external world ordered by law.
# He claims that we have knowledge into
the natural world but insufficient bec.
Human being does not really know the
natural truths, God is inaccesible for us
human being to know.
Intro to Ethics
Moral and Non-Moral
Moral Dilemma
Moral Assumptions
Minimum Requirements of Morality
Standards of the Moral Valuation of the
Self
Ethics Proper
Division:
1. The Moral Agent
2. The Moral Actions
3. Ethical Frameworks and Principles in
Moral disposition