Subject: WBP-22619 Class: TYCM-Mac

CHAPTER 2: Arrays, Functions and Graphics In PHP

2.1 Creating and Manipulating Array, Types of Array-
Indexed, Associative & Multi-dimensional arrays
2.2 Extracting data from arrays, implode, explode and array flip
2.3 Traversing Arrays
2.4 Function and its types: User Defined function, Variable
Function, Anonymous Function
2.5 Operations on strings and String functions: str_word_count(),
strlen(), strrev(), strpos(), str_replace(), unwords(),
strtoupper(), strtolower(), strcmp()
2.6 Basic Graphics Concepts: Creating Images, Images with text,
Scaling Images, Creation of PDF Document
Mrs. M. P. Bhosale 1
Array and its Types:

• Array is used to hold multiple values of similar type in a

single variable.
• Types of Array:
1) Indexed Array
2) Associative Array
3) Multidimensional Array
 Indexed Array:

• The keys of an indexed array are integers, beginning at 0.

• Indexed arrays are used when you identify things by their
position.
• There are two ways to define indexed array:

• Example:
1) $season=array("summer","winter","spring","autumn");

2) $season[0]="summer";
$season[1]="winter";
$season[2]="spring";
$season[3]="autumn";
 Indexed Array:

• The keys of an indexed array are integers, beginning at 0.

• Indexed arrays are used when you identify things by their
position.
• There are two ways to define indexed array:
1) $season=array("summer","winter","spring","autumn");
2) $season[0]="summer";
$season[1]="winter";
$season[2]="spring";
$season[3]="autumn";
Indexed Array:

<?php

$season=array("summer","winter","spring","autumn");

echo "Season are: $season[0], $season[1], $season[2]

and $season[3]";

?>
 Associative Array:

• Associative arrays have strings as keys and behave more

like two-column tables.
• The first column is the key, which is used to access the
value
• PHP internally stores all arrays as associative arrays; the
only difference between associative and indexed arrays is
what the keys used for.
Associative Array:
• We can associate name with each array elements in
PHP using => symbol.
• There are two ways to define associative array:
• Example:
1) $salary = array("Sonali"=>"350000",
"John"=>"450000","Kartik"=>"200000");

2) $salary["Sonali"]="350000";
$salary["John"]="450000";
$salary["Kartik"]="200000";
Associative Array:

<?php

$salary = array("Sonali"=>"350000",

"John"=>"450000","Kartik"=>"200000");

echo “Contents of salary array are: $salary[‘Sonali’],

$salary[‘John’], $salary[‘Kartik’];

?>
 Multidimensional Array:
• PHP multidimensional array is also known as array of arrays.
• It allows you to store tabular data in an array.
• PHP multidimensional array can be represented in the form of
matrix which is represented by row * column.
• Syntax:
$emp = array
(
array(1,"sonali",400000),
array(2,"john",500000),
array(3,"rahul",300000)
);
Assigning a Range of Values: using range()
• The range() function creates an array of consecutive
integer or character values between and including the
two values you pass to it as arguments.
• For example:
$numbers = range(2, 5); // $numbers = array(2, 3, 4, 5);
$letters = range('a', 'z'); // $letters holds the alphabet
$reversedNumbers = range(5, 2);
// $reversedNumbers = array(5, 4, 3, 2);
• Only the first letter of a string argument is used to build
the range:
range("aaa", "zzz"); // same as range('a','z')