Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 227

CHAPTER 8

I ntroduction of Trigonometry

Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]

ONE MARK QUESTION
We have sin θ + cos θ = 2 cos θ
Dividing both sides by cos θ , we get


Multiple Choice Question sin θ + cos θ = 2 cos θ
cos θ cos θ cos θ

1. Given that sin α = 3 and cos β = 0 , then the value tan θ + 1 = 2

2
of β − α is
tan θ = 2 −1
(a) 0c (b) 90c
Thus (a) is correct option.
(c) 60c (d) 30c


Ans : 4. If cos A = 4 , then the value of tan A is
[Board 2020 SQP Standard] 5
(a) 3 (b) 3
3 5 4
We have sin α =
2
(c) 4 (d) 5
3 3
sin α = sin 60c & α = 60c ...(1)

Ans :
and cos β = 0
We have cos A = 4
cos β = cos 90c & β = 90c ...(2) 5

Now, β − α = 90c − 60c = 30c We know that, cos A = Base =4

Hypotenuse 5
Thus (d) is correct option.
Perpendicular = 52 − 42 = 25 − 16 = 3
2. If TABC is right angled at C , then the value of
Perpendicular
sec (A + B) is Now, tan A = =3
(a) 0 (b) 1 Base 4
2 Thus (b) is correct option.
(c) (d) not defined
3
5. If sin A = 1 , then the value of cot A is


Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] 2

We have +C = 90c (a) 3 (b) 1

3
Since, +A + +B + +C = 180c 3
(c) (d) 1
2
+A + +B = 180c − +C

Ans :
= 180c − 90c = 90c

We have sin A = 1
2
Now, sec (A + B) = sec 90c not defined
Perpendicular
Thus (d) is correct option. sin A = =1
Hypotenuse 2
3. If sin θ + cos θ = 2 cos θ , (θ ! 90c) then the value of
tan θ is Now, Base = 22 − 12 = 3
(a) 2 - 1 (b) 2 +1 Base
So, cot A = = 3 = 3
(c) 2 (d) - 2 Perpendicular 1
Page 228 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

Hence, the required value of cot A is 3. 10α = 90c & α = 9c

Thus (a) is correct option. tan 5α = tan ^5 # 9ch
6. If sin θ = a , then cos θ is equal to
b
= tan 45c = 1
6tan 45c = 1@
b Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) (b) b
b2 - a2 a
9. If TABC is right angled at C , then the value of
(c) b2 - a2 (d) a cos ^A + B h is
b b2 - a2


Ans : (a) 0 (b) 1

Perpendicular (c) 1 (d) 3

We have sin θ = a = 2 2
b Hypotenuse


Ans :
Base = b2 − a2 We know that in TABC ,
2 2
So, cos θ = Base = b −a
Hypotenuse b

Thus (c) is correct option.

7. If cos ^α + β h = 0 , then sin ^α - β h can be reduced to +A + +B + +C = 180c

(a) cos β (b) cos 2β But right angled at C i.e., +C = 90c, thus
(c) sin α (d) sin 2α +A + +B + 90c = 180c


Ans :
A + B = 90c
Given, cos ^α + β h = 0 = cos 90c 6cos 90c = 0@ cos ^A + B h = cos 90c = 0
α + β = 90c Thus (a) is correct option.

α = 90c − β 10. If sin α = 1 and cos β = 1 , then the value of ^α + β h

2 2
Now, sin ^α - β h = sin ^90c − b − b h is
(a) 0c (b) 30c
= sin ^90c − 2β h

(c) 60c (d) 90c
= cos 2β


Ans :
Thus (b) is correct option.

8. If cos 9a = sin a and 9α < 90c, then the value of Given, sin α = 1 = sin 30c & α = 30c
2
tan 5α is 1
and cos β = = cos 60c & β = 60c
2
(a) 1 (b) 3 α + β = 30c + 60c = 90c
3
Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 1 (d) 0


Ans : 11. If 4 tan θ = 3 , then c 4 sin q − cos q m is equal to
4 sin q + cos q
We have cos 9α = sin α where 9α < 90c
(a) 2 (b) 1
sin ^90c - 9αh = sin α 3 3

90c - 9α = α (c) 1 (d) 3

2 4


Ans :
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 229

14. If x = p sec θ and y = q tan θ , then

Given, 4 tan θ = 3
(a) x2 − y2 = p2 q2 (b) x2 q2 − y2 p2 = pq
tan θ = 3 ...(i) (c) x2 q2 − y2 p2 = 21 2 (d) x2 q2 − y2 p2 = p2 q2
4
pq
sin q
4 sin q − cos q = 4 cos q − 1 = 4 tan q − 1

Ans :
4 sin q + cos q sin q
4 cos q +1
4 tan q + 1
We know, sec2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
4` j − 13

= 3−1 = 2 = 1 sec θ = x
y
4
= 3 tan θ =
4` 4 j + 1 3+1 4 2 Substituting and in above
p q
equation we have
Thus (c) is correct option.
x 2 y 2
12. If sin q − cos q = 0 , then the value of ^sin 4 q + cos 4 qh is c p m - cq m = 1
(a) 1 (b) 3
4 x2 q2 - y2 p2 = p2 q2
(c) 1 (d) 1 Thus (d) is correct option.
2 4


Ans :
15. If b tan θ = a , the value of a sin θ − b cos θ is
a sin θ + b cos θ
Given, sin q - cos q = 0 (a) 2 a − b (b) a2 + b2
a + b2 a +b
sin θ = cos θ 2 2 2 2
(c) a2 + b2 (d) a2 − b2
sin θ = sin ^90c − θh a −b a +b


Ans :
θ = 90c − θ & θ = 45c
We have tan θ = a
Now, sin 4 q + cos 4 q = sin 4 45c + cos 4 45c b
sin θ
a sin θ − b cos θ = a cos θ − b
= d 1 n +d 1 n = 1 + 1 = 1
4 4
= a tan θ − b
2 2 4 4 2 a sin θ + b cos θ a cos
sin θ
θ +b
a tan θ + b
2 2
= 2a − b
Thus (c) is correct option. a + b2
13. In the adjoining figure, the length of BC is Thus (d) is correct option.

16. (cos 4 A - sin 4 A) is equal to

(a) 1 - 2 cos2 A (b) 2 sin2 A - 1

(c) sin2 A - cos2 A (d) 2 cos2 A - 1


Ans :

cos 4 A - sin 4 A = (cos2 A) 2 − (sin2 A) 2

= (cos2 A − sin2 A) (cos2 A + sin2 A)

(a) 2 3 cm (b) 3 3 cm = (cos2 A − sin2 A) (1)

(c) 4 3 cm (d) 3 cm = cos2 A − (1 − cos2 A)



Ans :
= 2 cos2 A − 1

In TABC , sin 30c = BC Thus (d) is correct option.
AC
17. If sec 5A = cosec ^A + 30ch , where 5A is an acute
1 = BC angle, then the value of A is
2 6
(a) 15c (b) 5c
BC = 3 cm (c) 20c (d) 10c
Thus (d) is correct option.

Ans :
Page 230 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

We have, sec 5A = cosec ^A + 30ch

sec 5A = sec 690c − ^A − 30ch@

(1 − cos2 q)
= 4 sin2 q

cos2 q
sec 5A = sec ^60c − Ah 2
= 4 sin 2q − sin2 q

5A = 60c − A cos q

6A = 60c & A = 10c = 4 tan2 q − sin2 q

Thus (d) is correct option. = 4 ^tan q + sin qh^tan q − sin qh

= 4 mn

Thus (c) is correct option.

20. If 0 < θ < π4 , then the simplest form of 1 - 2 sin q cos q

is
18. If x sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q and x sin q = y cos q , (a) sin q - cos q (b) cos q - sin q
than x2 + y2 is equal to
(c) cos q + sin q (d) sin q cos q
(a) 0 (b) 1/2


Ans :
(c) 1 (d) 3/2


Ans : 1 - 2 sin q cos q = sin2 q + cos2 q − 2 sin q cos q

We have, x sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q = ^cos q − sin qh2

^x sin qh sin2 q + ^y cos qh cos2 q = sin q cos q = cos q − sin q

x sin q ^sin2 qh + ^x sin qh cos2 q = sin q cos q

For 0c < θ < 45c

x sin q ^sin2 q + cos2 qh = sin q cos q 0 π/6 π/4

cos θ 1 3 /2 1/ 2
x sin θ = sin q cos q & x = cos θ
sin θ 0 1/2 1/ 2
Now, x sin θ = y cos θ
Here, we see that cos q > sin q , when 0 < θ < π4 ,
that’s why we take ^cos q - sin qh2 instead of taking
cos q sin q = y cos θ
y = sin θ ^sin q - cos qh2 .
Thus (b) is correct option.
Hence, x2 + y2 = cos2 q + sin2 q = 1
Thus (c) is correct option. 21. If f ^x h = cos2 x + sec2 x , then f ^x h

(a) $ 1 (b) # 1
19. If tan q + sin q = m and tan q − sin q = n , then
(c) $ 2 (d) # 2
m2 - n2 is equal to


Ans : (c) $ 2
(a) mn (b) m
n Given, f ^x h = cos2 x + sec2 x
(c) 4 mn (d) None of
= cos2 x + sec2 x − 2 + 2

these


Ans : = cos2 x + sec2 x − 2 cos x $ sec x + 2

= ^cos x − sec x h + 2
2

Given, tan q + sin q = m and tan q − sin q = n
We know that, square of any expression is always
m2 - n2 = ^tan q + sin qh − ^tan q − sin qh
2 2
greater than equal to zero.
= 4 tan q sin q
f ^x h $ 2 Hence proved.

= 4 tan2 q sin2 q
Thus (c) is correct option.

2
= 4 sin2 q sin 2q

cos q
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 231

22. Assertion : The value of sin θ = 43 is not possible. 2. Triangle in which we study trigonometric ratios is
Reason : Hypotenuse is the largest side in any right called ..........
angled triangle.

Ans :
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and Right Triangle
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A). 3. Cosine of 90c is ..........
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but

Ans :
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Zero
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. 4. Sum of .......... of sine and cosine of angle is
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. one.


Ans :


Ans :
Square
sin θ = P = 4
H 3 5. Reciprocal of sin θ is ..........
Here, perpendicular is greater than the

Ans :
hypotenuse which is not possible in any right triangle. cosec θ
Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason
(R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). 6. The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds
Thus (a) is correct option. ..........


Ans :
23. Assertion : sin2 67c + cos2 67c = 1
Reason : For any value of θ, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and 7. sine of ^90c − θh is ..........
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion

Ans :
(A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but cos θ
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A). 8. If sin θ = 5 , then the value of tan θ is ..........
13
.
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.


Ans : From sin θ = 5 we can draw the figure as given below.
13
We have sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
sin2 67c + cos2 67c = 1
Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason
AC 5
(R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). Now, tan θ = BC = 12
Thus (a) is correct option.
9. The value of the (tan2 60c + sin2 45c) is .......... .


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

tan2 60c + sin2 45c = ( 3 ) 2 + c 1 m

2

= 3+1 = 7

2 2
1. FILL IN THE BLANK
10. If cot θ = 12 , then the value of sin θ is ......... .
5


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
1. Maximum value for sine of any angle is .........


Ans : Given, cot θ = 12 & tan θ = 5
5 12
1
Page 232 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

From tan θ = 5 we can draw the figure as given

Very Short Answer Question
12
below.
14. Prove that
(1 + tan A − sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2 tan A


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

LHS = (1 + tan A − sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A)

So, sin θ = AC = 5
CB 13 = (1 + tan A) 2 − sec2 A

11. If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A − B) = 1 , A > B , = 1 + tan2 A + 2 tan A − sec2 A

then the value of A is ......... . 3
= sec2 A + 2 tan A − sec2 A



Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
= 2 tan A = RHS

We have tan (A + B) = 3
15. If tan A = cot B , then find the value of (A + B).
= tan 60c

Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

Hence, A + B = 60c
We have tan A = cot B
...(1)
tan A = tan (90c − B)
Again, tan (A - B) = 1
3 A = 90c − B

= tan 30c
Thus A + B = 90c

A - B = 30c ...(2) 16. If x = 3 sin θ + 4 cos θ and y = 3 cos θ − 4 sin θ then

Adding equation (1) and (2) we get prove that x2 + y2 = 25 .
2A = 90c & A = 45c

Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

1 We have x = 3 sin θ + 4 cos θ

12. The value of c sin2 θ +
1 + tan2 θ m
= ................... .
and y = 3 cos θ − 4 sin θ


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
x2 + y2
sin2 θ + 1 = sin2 θ + 12 = (3 sin θ + 4 cos θ) 2 + (3 cos θ − 4 sin θ) 2
1 + tan2 θ sec θ
= (9 sin2 θ + 16 cos2 θ + 24 sin θ cos θ) +
= sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

+ (9 cos2 θ + 16 sin2 θ − 24 sin θ cos θ)
13. The value of (1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = = 9 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) + 16 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ)

................... .


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
= 9 + 16 = 25

(1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ) 17. Evaluate sin2 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos2 30c


Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
= sec2 θ (1 − sin2 θ

= sec2 θ # cos2 θ

= 1 2 # cos2 θ = 1

cos θ 2 2
sin2 60c − 2 tan 45c − cos2 30c = c
2 m c 2 m
3 − 2 (1) − 3

= 3 − 2 − 3 =− 2
4 4

18. If sin θ + sin2 θ = 1 then prove that cos2 θ + cos 4 θ = 1.

Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 233

We have sin θ + sin2 θ = 1 We have tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 = tan 45º

sin θ + (1 − cos2 θ) = 1 3x + 30º = 45º

sin θ − cos2 θ = 0 x = 5º
2
sin θ = cos θ 23. What happens to value of cos θ when θ increases from
Squaring both sides, we get 0º to 90º.
sin2 θ = cos 4 θ

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

cos θ decreases from 1 to θ .

1 − cos2 θ = cos 4 θ
cos 4 θ + cos2 θ = 1 Hence Proved 24. If A and B are acute angles and sin A = cos B,
then find the value of A + B .
19. In a triangle ABC, write cos b B + C l in terms of

Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
2
angle A.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] We have sin A = cos B
sin A = sin ^90º − B h
In a triangle A + B + C = 180º
A = 90º − B
B + C = 180º − A
A + B = 90º
Thus cos b B + C l = cos :180º − A D
2 2
25. If cos A = 2 , find the value of 4 + 4 tan2 A .
5
= cos :90 − A D


Ans : [Board SQP 2018]
2

= sin A

2
20. If sec θ $ sin θ = 0 , then find the value of θ . 4 + 4 tan2 A = 4 ^1 + tan2 Ah


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] 4
4 sec2 A = = 24 2 = 4 # 25 = 25
cos2 A ^5h 4
We have sec q $ sin q = 0
1 $ sin q = 0
cos q 26. If k + 1 = sec2 θ ^1 + sin θh^1 − sin θh, then find the
value of k.
sin q = 0
cos q

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

tan θ = 0 = tan 0º We have k + 1 = sec2 θ ^1 + sin θh (1 − sin θ)

Thus θ = 0º = sec2 θ ^1 − sin2 θh

21. If tan 2A = cot ^A + 60ºh , find the value of A where = sec2 θ. cos2 θ

2A is an acute angle.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] = sec2 θ # 12

sec θ
We have tan 2A = cot ^A + 60ºh k+1 = 1 & k= 1−1 = 0
cot ^90c - 2Ah = cot ^A + 60ºh Thus k = 0
90c - 2A = A + 60º 27. Find the value of sin2 41º + sin2 49º
3A = 30º & A = 10º

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012, NCERT]

22. If tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 then find the value of x. We have

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] sin2 41 + sin2 49 = sin2 (90º − 49º) + sin2 49º
Page 234 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

= cos2 49 + sin2 49º

1 − sin θ = sec θ − tan θ .
31. Prove that
1 + sin θ
=1


Ans :

1 − sin θ = (1 − sin θ) (1 − sin θ)

LHS =
1 + sin θ (1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ)

(1 − sin θ) 2 (1 − sin θ) 2
=
=
1 − sin2 θ cos2 θ

= 1 − sin θ = 1 − sin θ

cos θ cos θ cos θ

TWO MARKS QUESTION = sec θ − tan θ = RHS

Hence Proved
2
32. Prove that : 1 − tan2 θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ
2 1 + tan θ
28. Prove that 1 + cot α = cosec α

Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
1 + cosec α


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
1 − tan2 θ = 1 − tan2 θ
1 + tan2 θ sec2 θ
1+ cot2 α 2
= 1 + cosec α − 1 2
1 + cosse α 1 + cosse α = 12 − tan2 θ

sec θ sec θ
(1 + cosec α) (cosec α − 1)
= 1+
2
1 + cosec α = cos2 θ − sin 2θ # cos2 θ

cos θ
= 1 + cosec α − 1

= cos2 θ − sin2 θ
Hence Proved
= cosec α
Hence Proved
33. Prove that tan2 θ + cot2 θ = 1.
3
1 + tan2 θ 1 + cot2 θ
29. Prove that : sin A3 − 2 sin A = tan A .
2 cos A − cos A

Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]


Ans : [Board 2018]

2
LHS = tan2 θ + cot2 θ
sin A - 2 sin3 A = sin A (1 − 2 sin A)
1 + tan2 θ 1 + cot2 θ
2 cos3 A - cos A cos A (2 cos2 A − 1)
2 2
sin A (1 − 2 sin2 A) = tan2 θ + cot θ2

=
sec θ cosec θ
cos A (2 cos2 A − 1)
sin2 θ cos2 θ
[1 − 2 (1 − cos A)] 2
=
+ cos2 θ sin2 θ
= tan A
1 1
(2 cos2 A − 1) cos2 θ sin2 θ

= sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 = RHS

[1 − 2 + 2 cos2 A)]
= tan A

(2 cos2 A − 1) 1 1
34. Prove that : + = 2 sec2 θ
2 1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
(2 cos A − 1)
= tan A


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
(2 cos2 A − 1)
= tan A
Hence Proved LHS = 1 + 1
1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
30. Show that tan 4 θ + tan2 θ = sec 4 θ − sec2 θ (1 − sin θ) + (1 + sin θ)


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] =

(1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ)
tan 4 θ + tan2 θ = tan2 θ (1 + tan2 θ) =
2 = 2 sec2 θ = RHS
1 − sin2 θ
= tan2 θ # sec2 θ

= (sec2 θ − 1) sec2 θ
35. Prove that cosec θ + cosec θ = 2 sec2 θ .
cosec θ − 1 cosec θ + 1


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
= sec 4 θ − sec2 θ
Hence Proved
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 235

LHS = cosec θ + cosec θ 38. If sin ^A + B h = 1 and sin ^A − B h = 12 ,

cosec θ − 1 cosec θ + 1 0 # A + B < 90º and A > B, then find A and B.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
= cosec θ :
cosec θ − 1 cosec θ + 1D
1 + 1

= cosec θ ; cosec θ + 1 + cosec θ − 1 E

(cosec θ − 1) (cosec θ + 1)
We have sin ^A + B h = 1 = sin 90º
= cosec θ c 2 cosec θ
cosec2 θ − 1 m
A + B = 90º ...(1)

2
θ = 2 cosec2 θ and sin ^A - B h = 1 = sin 30º
= 2 cosec
2
2
cosec θ − 1 cot2 θ
A - B = 30º ...(2)
2# 1θ 2
= cos sin =
2

cos2 θ Solving eq. (1) and (2), we obtain
2
θ
sin2 θ

= 2 sec2 θ = RHS
Hence Proved A = 60º and B = 30º

39. Find cosec 30º and cos 60º geometrically.

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

Let a triangle ABC with each side equal to 2a as

shown below.

36. If 5 tan θ = 3 ,then what is the value of

5 sin θ − 3 cos θ
b 4 sin θ + 3 cos θ l ?


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

We have 5 tan θ = 3 & tan θ = 3

5
Dividing numerator and denominator by
cos θ we have
sin θ
5 sin θ − 3 cos θ = 5 cos θ − 3 = 5 tan θ − 3
4 sin θ + 3 cos θ sin θ
4 cos θ +3
4 tan θ + 3
In 3 ABC , +A = +B = +C = 60º
5 # 53 − 3 3−3 = 0 Now we draw AD perpendicular to BC , then
=
= 12
4 # 35 + 3 5 +3
TBDA b TCDA
37. Evaluate :
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º − tan 45º BD = CD
cot2 45º
+BAD = CAD = 30º by CPCT


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
AD = 3a
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º − tan 45º
cot2 45º
In TBDA, cosec 30º = AB = 2a = 2
BD a
3× _ 13 i + ^ 3 h + 2 − 1 2 2

=
^1 h2

and cos 60º = BD = a = 1
AB 2a 2
3× 13 + 3 + 2 − 1
=
40. Evaluate : sin 90º + 1
1 cos 45º cosec 30º


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
= 1+3+2−1 = 5

We have sin 90º + 1 = 11 + 1

cos 45º cosec 30º 2
2
Page 236 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

44. If cos ^A − B h = 23 and sin ^A + B h = 23 , find sin A

= 2 +1 = 2 2 +1 and B , where ^A + B h and ^A - B h are acute angles.
2 2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
41. If 2 sin θ = 1, find the value of sec2 θ − cosec2 θ.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] We have cos ^A - B h = 3 = cos 30º
2
We have 2 sin θ = 1 A - B = 30º ...(1)
sin θ = 1 = sin 45º
2 Also sin ^A + B h = 3 = sin 60º
2
Thus θ = 45º
A + B = 60º ...(2)
2 2 2 2
Now sec θ − cosec θ = sec 45º − cosec 45º
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain,
= ^ 2h −^ 2h
2 2
2A = 90º
=0
A = 45º
Substituting this value of A in equation (1),
42. If 4 cos θ = 11 sin θ, find the value of 11 cos θ − 7 sin θ .
11 cos θ + 7 sin θ we get B = 15º


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
45. Find the value of cos 2θ , if 2 sin 2θ = 3 .
We have 4 cos θ = 11 sin θ

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012, Set-25]

or, cos θ = 11 sin θ We have 2 sin 2θ = 3

4
sin 2θ = 3 = sin 60º
11 # 114 sin θ − 7 sin θ 2
Now 11 cos θ − 7 sin θ =
11 cos θ + 7 sin θ 11 # 114 sin θ + 7 sin θ
2θ = 60º
sin θ ^ 121
4 − 7h
=

sin θ ^ 121
4 + 7h
Hence, cos 2θ = cos 60º = 1 .
2
= 121 − 28 = 93
46. Find the value of sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º is it
121 + 28 149 equal to sin 90º or cos 90º ?
43. If tan ^A + B h = 3 , tan ^A − B h = 13

Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
0c < A + B # 90c, then find A and B.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º = 1 # 1 + 3 # 3
2 2 2 2
We have tan ^A + B h = 3 = tan 60º =1+3 =4=1
4 4 4
A + B = 60º ...(1) It is equal to sin 90º = 1 but not equal to
Also tan ^A - B h = 1 = tan 30º cos 90º as cos 90º = 0 .
3
47. If 3 sin θ − cos θ = 0 and 0º < θ < 90º, find the value
A - B = 30º ...(2)
of θ.
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain,

Ans : [Boar Term-1, 2012]

2A = 90º We have

A = 90º = 45º 3 sin θ − cos θ = 0 and 0º < θ < 0

2
3 sin θ = cos θ
Substituting this value of A in equation (1), we get
sin q = 1
B = 60º − A = 60º − 45º = 15º cos q 3
Hence, A = 45º and B = 15º
tan θ = 1 = tan 30º sin q
;tan q = cos q E
3
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 237

=3 3 −3 3

θ = 30º 2 2

=0
Hence Proved
48. Evaluate : cos 45º + 1
sec 30º sec 60º


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

1
We have cos 45º + 1 = 2
+1
sec 30º sec 60º 2 2
3

= 1 # 3 +1

2 2 2
51. Express the trigonometric ratio of sec A and tan A in
terms of sin A.
= 6 +1 = 6 +2

4 2 4

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

49. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of a circle with 1 = 1

centre O, find tan A tan B. We have sec A =
cos A 1 − sin2 A

and tan A = sin A = sin A

cos A 1 − sin2 A
^sin θ + cos θh
4 4
52. Prove that : =1
1 − 2 sin θ cos2 θ
2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

^sin θ + cos θh ^sin θh + ^cos θh

4 4 2 2 2 2
=
1 − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ 1 − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ

^sin θ + cos θh − 2 sin θ cos θ

2 2 2 2 2
=

1 − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 2 2
= 1 − 2 sin 2θ cos2 θ

1 − 2 sin cos θ
In TABC, +C is a angle in a semi-circle, thus
=1

+C = 90º
53. Prove that : sec 4 θ − sec2 θ = tan 4 θ + tan2 θ
tan A = BC = 2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
AC 3

and tan B = AC = 3 We have

BC 2
sec 4 θ − sec2 θ = sec2 θ ^sec2 θ − 1h
tan A tan B = 2 # 3 = 1
3 2 [[1 + tan 2 q = sec 2 q]]

50. If sin φ = 1 , show that 3 cos φ − 4 cos3 φ = 0 . = sec2 θ ^tan2 θh

2


Ans : = ^1 + tan2 θh tan2 θ

We have sin φ = 1 = tan2 θ + tan 4 θ

2
Hence Proved.
φ = 30º
Now substituting this value of θ in LHS we have 54. Find the value of θ , if,
cos θ + cos θ = 4; θ # 90º
3 cos φ − 4 cos3 φ = 3 cos 30º − 4 cos3 30º 1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
3

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
= 3c 3 m − 4c 3 m

2 2
We have cos θ + cos θ = 4
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
Page 238 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

cos θ ^1 + sin θh + cos θ ^1 − sin θh We have sin θ − cos θ = 1

=4
^1 − sin θh^1 + sin θh
2
Squaring both sides, we get
cos θ 61 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ@
=4
^sin θ − cos θh = b 2 l
1 2
1 − sin2 θ 2

cos q ^2 h
cos2 q
=4 sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 sin θ cos θ = 1
4
1 =2
cos θ 1 − 2 sin θ cos θ = 1
4

cos θ = 1 2 sin q cos q = 1 − 1 = 3

2 4 4
cos θ = cos 60º Again, ^sin θ + cos θh2 = sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
Thus θ = 60º . = 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ

sin A sin ^90º − Ah = 1+ 3 = 7

55. Prove that : − 1 + = − sin2 A
cot ^90º − Ah 4 4


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 7 = 7
Thus sin θ + cos θ =
4 2
sin A sin ^90º − Ah
−1 + =− sin2 A
cot ^90º − Ah 58. If θ be an acute angle and 5 cosec θ = 7 , then evaluate
sin θ + cos2 θ − 1.
sin A sin ^90º - Ah

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
= 1 − sin2 A
cot ^90º - Ah
We have 5 cosec θ = 7
sin A cos A = cos2 A
tan A cosec θ = 7
5
sin A cos A = cos2 A
sin θ = 5
sin A
cos A [cosec θ = 1
]
7 sin θ

cos A sin A cos A = cos2 A

sin A sin θ + cos2 θ − 1 = sin θ − ^1 − cos2 θh

cos2 A = cos2 A Hence Proved. = sin θ − sin2 θ [sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]

= 5 − b 5 l = 35 − 25 = 10
2
1 − cos A = cosec A − cot A
56. Prove that : 7 7 49 49
1 + cos A


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
59. If sin A = 3 , find the value of 2 cot2 A - 1.
2
1 − cos A = 1 − cos A 1 − cos A

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
1 + cos A 1 + cos A # 1 − cos A
Using cot2 θ = − 1 + cosec2 θ we have
^1 − cos Ah
2
=
2 cot2 A - 1 = 2 ^cosec2 A −
^1 − cos Ah
2 −1

^1 − cos Ah = 22 − 3

2
=
2
sin A
sin A
= 23 2 − 3 = 8 − 3 = − 1

= 1 − cos A = 1 − cos A

sin A sin A sin A
_ i 3 3
2

Thus 2 cot A - 1 = − 1
2
= cosec A − cot A
Hence Proved. 3

57. If sin θ − cos θ = 1 , then find the value of sin θ + cos θ .

2


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 239

THREE MARKS QUESTION (i) tan θ = AC = 1.5 = 15

AD 2.6 26

cos2 (45c + θ) + cos2 (45c − θ) (ii) sec θ + cosec θ = CD + CD = 3 + 3 = 41

60. Show that : =1 AD AC 2.6 1.5 13
tan (60c + θ) tan (30c − θ)


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 62. Prove that : cot θ + cosec θ − 1 = 1 + cot θ
cot θ − cosec θ + 1 sin θ
cos2 (45c + θ) + cos2 (45c − θ)

Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
LHS =
tan (60c + θ) tan (30c − θ)
LHS = cot θ + cosec θ − 1
2
cos (45c + θ) + sin (90c − 45c + θ) 2 cot θ − cosec θ + 1
=

tan (60c + θ) cot (90c − 30c + θ) cos θ
sin θ + sin θ − 1
1
= cos
θ
sin θ − sin θ + 1
1
cos2 (45c + θ) + sin2 (45c + θ)
=

tan (60c + θ) cot (60c + θ) sin θ (cos θ + 1 − sin θ)
=

sin θ (cos θ − 1 + sin θ)
= 1 = 1 = RHS

1 2
= sin θ cos θ + sin θ − sin θ

61. The rod of TV disc antenna is fixed at right angles sin θ (cos θ + sin θ − 1)
to wall AB and a rod CD is supporting the disc as
shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m , sin θ cos θ + sin θ − (1 − cos2 θ)
=

find (i) tan θ (ii) sec θ + cosec θ . sin θ (cos θ + sin θ − 1)

sin θ (cos θ + 1) − (1 − cos2 θ)

=

sin θ (cos θ + sin θ − 1)
(1 + cos θ) (sin θ − 1 + cos θ)
=

sin θ (cos θ + sin θ − 1)

= 1 + cos θ = RHS

sin θ
63. If sin θ + cos θ = 2 prove that tan θ + cot θ = 2


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

We have sin θ + cos θ = 2

Squaring both the sides, we get


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
(sin θ + cos θ) 2 = ( 2 ) 2
From the given information we draw the figure as
sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 2
below
1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 2
2 sin q cos q = 1

sin q cos q = 1 ...(1)

2

Now tan θ + cot θ = sin θ + cos θ

cos θ sin θ
In right angle triangle TCAD , applying Pythagoras 2 2

theorem, = sin θ + cos θ

cos θ sin θ
AD2 + AC2 = DC2 1
=
= 11 = 2 = RHS
2 2 2 sin θ cos θ
AD + (1.5) = (3) 2

64. If sin θ + cos θ = 3 , then prove that tan θ + cot θ = 1.

AD2 = 9 − 2.25 = 6.75


Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
AD = 6.75 = 2.6 m (Approx)
Page 240 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

Given, sin θ + cos θ = 3 = ^ 2 θ + cos2 θh + ^cosec2 θ + sec2 θh

sin
Squaring above equation, we have
+ 2 sin θ # 1 + 2 cos θ # 1
sin θ cos θ
sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3
1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3 = 1 + ^1 + cot2 θh + ^1 + tan2 θh + 2 + 2

2 sin q cos q = 3 − 1 = 2 = 7 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ

sin q cos q = 1 = RHS

Now, tan θ + cot θ = sin θ + cos θ 67. Prove that ^1 + cot A − cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah = 2
cos θ sin θ

Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]

LHS = ^1 + cot A − cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah

2 2
= sin θ + cos θ

sin θ cos θ
1 = b1 + cos A − 1 l b1 + sin A + 1 l

=
sin A sin A cos A cos A
sin θ cos θ
Substituting value of sin q cos q we have = b sin A + cos A − 1 lb cos A + sin A + 1 l

sin A cos A
1 =1 =1
^sin A + cos A − 1h^cos A + sin A + 1h
tan θ + cot θ =
sin θ cos θ 1
=

sin A cos A
65. If 1 + sin2 θ = 3 sin θ cos θ , prove that tan θ = 1 or ½.


Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] ^sin A + cos Ah2 − ^1 h2
=

sin A cos A
We have, 1 + sin2 θ = 3 sin θ cos θ 2 2
2
Dividing by sin θ on both sides, we get = sin A + cos A + 2 sin A cos A − 1

sin A cos A
1 + sin2 θ = 3 sin θ cos θ
sin2 θ sin2 θ sin2 θ = 1 + 2 sin A cos A − 1

sin A cos A
1 + 1 = 3 cot θ = 2 = RHS

sin2 θ
68. Prove that sin A − cos A − 1 = 1
cosec2 θ + 1 = 3 cot θ sin A + cos A − 1 sec A − tan A


Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
1 + cot2 θ + 1 = 3 cot θ
cot2 θ − 3 cot θ + 2 = 0 LHS = sin A − cos A + 1
sin A + cos A − 1
cot2 θ − 2 cot θ − cot θ + 2 = 0
= sin A − cos A + 1 # 1 + sin A

cot θ (cot θ − 2) − 1 (cot θ − 2) = 0 sin A + cos A − 1 1 + sin A

(cot θ − 2) (cot θ − 1) = 0 ]sin A − cos A + 1g^1 + sin Ah

=
sin A + cos A − 1 + sin2 A + cos A sin A − sin A
cot θ = 1 or 2
^sin A − cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah
=
tan θ = 1 or ½. − 1 + cos A + ^1 − cos2 Ah + sin A cos A
66. Prove that ^sin A − cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah
^sin θ + cosec θh2 + ^cos θ + sec θh2 = 7 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ cos A ^1 − cos A + sin Ah
=


Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi Standard]
= 1 + sin A = 1 + sin A
LHS = ^sin θ + cosec θh + ^cos θ + sec θh
2 2 cos A cos A cos A

= ^ 2 θ + cosec2 θ + 2 sin θ cosec θh +

sin = sec A + tan A
^sec A + tan Ah
# ^sec A − tan Ah
^sec A − tan Ah
=
+ ^cos2 θ + sec2 θ + 2 cos θ sec θh
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 241

2 2
sin A cos C + cos A sin C .
= sec A − tan A
sec A − tan A

Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]

= 1 = RHS As per question statement figure is shown below.

sec A − tan A

69. Prove that : 2 (sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 3 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ) + 1 = 0

Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

LHS = 2 (sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 3 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ) + 1

= 2 [(sin2 θ) 3 + (cos2 θ) 3] − 3 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ) + 1

= 2 [(sin2 θ + cos2 θ) (sin 4 θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ + cos 4 θ] +

We have AC2 = 82 + 62 = 100
4 4
− 3 (sin θ + cos θ) + 1
AC = 10 cm
= 2 (sin 4 θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ + cos 4 θ) − 3 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ) + 1
Now sin A = BC = 8 ;
= 2 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ) − 3 (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ) + 1 AC 10

= − sin 4 θ − cos 4 θ − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ + 1 cos A = AB = 6

AC 10
= − (sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ + 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ) + 1

and sin C = AB = 6 ;
= − (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) 2 + 1
AC 10

= − 1 + 1 = 0 = RHS
cos C = BC = 8
AC 10
70. Prove that tan2 A + cosec2 A = 1
tan A − 1 sec A − cosec2 A 1 − 2 cos2 A
2 2
Thus sin A cos C + cos A sin C = 8 # 8 + 6 # 6
10 10 10 10


Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
= 64 + 36

2
cosec2 A 100 100
LHS = tan A +
tan A − 1 sec A − cosec2 A
2 2

= 100 = 1

sin2 A 1 100
=
+ cos2 A sin2 A
−1 sin2 A
cos2 A
1
cos2 A
− sin1 A
2 72. In the given +PQR, right-angled at Q, QR = 9 cm
sin2 A 1
and PR − PQ = 1 cm. Determine the value of
=
+ cos2 A sin2 A sin R + cos R.
sin A − cos2 A
2
sin A − cos2 A
2

cos2 A cos2 A sin2 A

=
sin2 A + cos2 A
sin A − cos A sin A − cos2 A
2 2 2

=
1
1 − cos2 A − cos2 A

=
1
1 − 2 cos2 A
= RHS

71. If in a triangle ABC right angled at B, AB = 6

units and BC = 8 units, then find the value of
Page 242 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] sin θ = sin 60º

RHS =
1 + cos θ 1 + cos 60º
Using Pythagoras theorem we have
3 3
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2 = 2 1 = 23 = 1

1+ 2 2 3
PQ2 + 92 = ^PQ + 1h2
RHS = LHS

PQ2 + 81 = ^PQ + 1h2 Hence, relation is verified for θ = 60º.

PQ2 + 81 = PQ2 + 1 + 2PQ 76. If tan A + cot A = 2, then find the value of
tan2 A + cot2 A.
PQ = 40


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Since PR - PQ = 1, thus,
We have tan A + cot A = 2
PR = 1 + 40 = 41
Squaring both sides, we have
sin R + cos R = 40 + 9 = 49
41 41 41 ^tan A + cot A = ^2 h2
2

73. If cos ^40º + x h = sin 30º, find the value of x .


Ans :
We have
cos ^40º - x h = sin 30º
cos ^40º + x h = sin ^90º − 60º
cos ^40º + x h = cos 60º
40º + x = 60º
x = 60º − 40º = 20º
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A cot A = 4
[Board Term-1 2015] 1
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A # =4
tan A
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 = 4
tan2 A + cot2 A = 4 − 2
tan2 A + cot2 A = 2
77. If cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ, show that
cos θ − sin θ = 2 cos θ.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]

Thus x = 20º .
We have cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ
2 2 2
74. Evaluate : 5 cos 60º + 4 cos 30º − tan 45º We have sin θ = 2 cos θ − cos θ
sin2 30º + cos2 60º


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] = ^ 2 − 1h cos θ

5 cos2 60º + 4 cos2 30º − tan2 45º ^ 2 − 1h^ 2 + 1h

=
cos θ
sin2 30º + cos2 60º ^ 2 + 1h

5 ^ 12 h2 + 4 _ 23 i ^1 h2
2
Thus sin θ = 1 cos θ
=
2 +1
^2h +^2h
1 2 1 2

^ 2 + 1h sin θ = cos θ
+3−1 5
= 1 1
4
2 sin θ + sin θ = cos θ
4 + 4

5
+2 13 cos θ − sin θ = 2 sin θ Hence proved.
= 4 1 = 14 = 13

2 2
2
78. Prove that : cos A + sin A = sin A + cos A.
75. Verify : 1 − cos θ = sin θ , for θ = 60º 1 − tan A 1 − cot A
1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ


Ans :

Ans : [Board Term-1 2013, 2011]

1 − cos θ = 1 − cos 60º LHS = cos A + sin A

LHS = 1 − tan A 1 − cot A
1 + cos θ 1 + cos 60º

1 − 12 1
= cossin
A + sin A
= 1 1 − ^ cosAA h 1 − ^ cos
=
= 2 1
1 + 12 3 bcos 60º = 2 l A
sin A
2 3
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 243

cos2 A sin2 A We have AC - AB = 1

=
+
cos A − sin A sin A − cos A
Let AB = x , then we have
=
cos2 A − sin2 A
cos A − sin A cos A − sin A AC = x + 1

2 2 Now AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= cos A − sin A

^x + 1h2 = x + 5
cos A − sin A 2 2

^cos A − sin Ah^cos A + sin Ah x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 25

=
^cos A − sin Ah

2x = 24
= cos A + sin A

x = 24 = 12 cm
= sin A + cos A
2

= RHS Hence proved. Hence, AB = 12 cm and AC = 13 cm

Now sin C = AB = 12
AC 13

cos C = BC = 5
AC 13

1 + sin C = 1 + 13 =
12 25
Now 13
= 25
1 + cos C 1 + 135 18
13
18

80. Prove that : cos A − sin A = cos A − sin A

1 + tan A 1 + cot A


Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]

cos A − sin A
1 + tan A 1 + cot A

= cos A − sin A

1 + sin A 1 + cos A
cos A sin A

=
cos2 A − sin2 A
cos A + sin A sin A + cos A

79. In TABC, +B = 90º, BC = 5 cm, AC − AB = 1, 2 2

= cos A − sin A
^sin A + cos Ah

Evaluate : 1 + sin C .
1 + cos C


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] ^cos A + sin Ah^cos A − sin Ah
=

As per question we have drawn the figure given below. sin A + cos A

= cos A − sin A
Hence Proved.

81. If b cos θ = a, then prove that

cosec θ + cot θ = b+a .
b−a


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

We have b cos θ = a

or, cos θ = a
b
Now consider the triangle shown below.
Page 244 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

AC2 = AB2 − BC2

or, cos θ = a
b Let tan A = P and sec A = H
B B
AC = b2 − a2
H2 = P2 + B2
Now cosec θ = b , cot θ = a 2
1 + tan2 A = 1 + b P l = 1 + P 2
2
b2 − a2 b2 − a2 Now
B B
b+a = b+a 2 2 2
cosec θ + cot θ =
b−a = B +2 P = H2

b2 − a2 B B

= bH l
2
82. Prove that : sin θ − 2 sin3 θ = tan θ
3
2 cos − cos θ B


Ans : [Bard Term-1 2015] = sec2 A
Hence Proved.

sin θ − 2 sin3 θ = sin θ ^1 − 2 sin θh

2

2 cos3 − cos θ cos θ ^2 cos2 θ − 1h

84. Prove that : ^cot θ − cosec θh2 = 1 − cos θ
1 + cos θ
sin θ ^sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 sin2 θh
=


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
cos θ ^2 cos2 θ − sin2 θ − cos2 θh
tan θ ^cos2 θ − sin2 θh cot θ − cosec θ = cos θ − 1
sin θ sin θ
=

^cos θ − sin θh
2 2

^cot θ − cosec θh = b sin θ − sin θ

2 cos θ 1 2

= tan θ

= b cos θ − 1 l
2

sin θ

^1 − cos θh
2
=
[[sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]]
sin2 θ

^1 − cos θh
2
=

^1 − cos θh
2

83. When is an equation called ‘an identity’. Prove the

trigonometric identity 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A . ^1 − cos θh (1 − cos θ)
=
^1 − cos θh^1 + cos θh



Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, NCERT]

Equations that are true no matter what value is = 1 − cos θ

Hence Proved.
plugged in for the variable. On simplifying an identity 1 + cos θ
equation, one always get a true statement. Consider 85. Prove that :
the triangle shown below. ^cosec θ − sin θh^sec θ − cos θh^tan θ + cot θh = 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

LHS = ^cosec θ − sin θh^sec θ − cos θh^tan θ + cot θh

Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 245

= b 1 − sin θ lb 1 − cos θ lb sin θ + cos θ l

88. Prove that :
sin θ cos θ cos θ sin θ 1 - 1 = 1 − 1 .
cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A
= c 1 − sin θ mc 1 − cos θ mc sin θ + cos θ m
2 2 2 2


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
sin θ cos θ sin θ. cos θ
2 2 1 - 1 = 1 − 1
= cos θ # sin θ # b
sin θ cos θ l
1 [sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]
sin θ cos θ cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A

1 1 + 1 = 1 + 1
= cos θ sin θ #
=1 cosec A − cot A cosec A + cot A sin A sin A
sin θ cos θ
86. Show that : 1 + 1 = 2
cosec2 θ − tan2 ^90º − θh = sin2 θ + sin ^90º − θh cosec A − cot A cosec A + cot A sin A


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] cosec A + cot A + cosec A − cot A = 2
^cosec A − cot Ah^cosec A + cot a sin A
cosec2 θ − tan2 ^90º − θh
2 cosec A = 2
= cosec2 θ − cot2 θ
cosec2 A - cot2 A sin A
2
= 12 − cos2 θ
1
2 sinA

sin θ sin θ = 2
1 sin A
2
= 1 − cos
θ = sin2 θ 2 = 2
2 Hence Proved.
sin θ sin2 θ sin A sin A
=1
89. If sec θ = x + 41x prove that sec θ + tan θ = 2x or, 21x


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
= sin2 θ + cos2 θ

= sin2 θ + sin2 ^90º − θh
We have sec θ = x + 1 (1)
4x
Hence Proved
Squaring both side we have

sec2 θ = x2 + 2x 1 + 1 2
4x 16x

1 + tan2 θ = x2 + 1 + 1 2
2 16x

2 2 tan2 θ = x2 + 1 + 1 2 − 1
87. Prove that : cosec θ − cosec θ = 2 sec2 θ 2 16x
cosec θ − 1 cosec θ + 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] = x2 − 1 + 1 2

2 16x
We have
= x 2 − 2x 1 + 1 2

2 2 4x 16x
cosec θ − cosec θ = cosec2 θ 1 1
cosec θ − 1 cosec θ + 1 ; 1 −1− 1
+ 1E
tan2 θ = bx − 1 l
sin θ sin θ 2

4x
= cosec2 θ : sin θ − sin θ D

1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
Taking square root both sides we obtain
^1 + sin θh − ^1 − sin θh
= 12 sin θ > H tan θ = ! bx − 1 l
^1 − sin θh^1 + sin θh

sin θ 4x

= 1 ; 2 sin θ2 E
Now tan θ = x − 1 (2)
sin θ 1 − sin θ 4x

= 22 = 2 sec2 θ
Hence Proved or tan θ =− bx − 1 l =− x + 1 (3)
cos θ 4x 4x

Adding (1) and (2) we have

Page 246 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

tan θ + sec θ = 2x
^cos θ + sin θh^cos θ + sin θ − sin θ cos θh
2 2
Adding (1) and (3) we have =
^cos θ + sin θh

sec θ + tan θ = 1 + 1 = 1 Hence proved.

4x 4x 2x = ^1 − sin θ cos θh

90. Prove that : sin θ − cos θ + sin θ + cos θ = 2 3 3

sin θ + cos θ sin θ − cos θ 2 sin2 θ − 1 Y = cos θ − sin θ
cos θ − sin θ


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
^cos θ − sin θh^cos θ + sin θ + sin θ cos θh
2 2

=
^cos θ − sin θh

LHS = sin θ − cos θ + sin θ + cos θ
sin θ + cos θ sin θ − cos θ
= ^1 + sin θ cos θh

^sin θ − cos θh + ^sin θ + cos θh
2 2
=
Now given expression
sin2 θ − cos2 θ
^sin θ + cos θh − 2 sin θ cos θ + ^sin θ + cos θh + 2 sin θ cos θ
3 3 3 3
X + Y = cos θ + sin θ + cos θ − sin θ
2 2 2 2
= cos θ + sin θ cos θ − sin θ
sin θ − ^1 − sin θh
2 2

1+1 = ^1 − sin θ cos θh + ^1 + sin θ cos θh

=

sin2 θ − 1 + sin2 θ
= 2 − sin θ cos θ + sin θ cos θ

= 2 = RHS
2 sin2 θ − 1 = 2 = RHS
Hence Proved.
Hence Proved.
93. Express : sin A, tan A and cosec A in terms of sec A.
3 3
91. If x sin θ + y cos θ = sin θ cos θ and x sin θ = y cos θ,

Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
prove that x2 + y2 = 1.
(1) sin2 A + cos2 A = 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
sin A = 1 − cos2 A
We have x sin3 θ + y cos3 θ = sin θ cos θ (1)
and x sin θ = y cos θ = 1 − 12

sec A
y cos θ
or, x = (2) =
sec2 A − 1 = sec2 A − 1
sin θ sec A
sec2 A
Eliminating x from equation (1) and (2) we obtain,
y cos θ 3 (2) tan A = sin A = sin A sec A
sin θ + y cos3 θ = sin θ cos θ cos A
sin θ
= sec2 A − 1
y cos θ sin2 θ + y cos3 θ = sin θ cos θ
sec A # sec A
y cos θ [sin2 θ + cos2 θ] = sin θ cos θ = sec2 A − 1

2 2
y (sin θ + cos θ) = sin θ 1 = sec A
(3) cosec A =
sin A sec2 A − 1
y = sin θ ...(3)
Substituting this value of y in equation (2) we have, 94. If sin θ + cos θ = 2 , then evaluate tan θ + cot θ.


Ans : [Board SQP 2018]
x = cos θ (4)
Squaring and adding equation (3) and (4), we get We have sin θ + cos θ = 2

x2 + y2 = cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 Hence Proved. Squaring both sides, we get

^sin θ + cos θh = ^ 2 h
2 2
3 3 3 3
92. Prove that cos θ + sin θ + cos θ − sin θ = 2
cos θ + sin θ cos θ − sin θ sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 2


Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]

3 3 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 2
X = cos θ + sin θ
cos θ + sin θ
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 247

2 sin q cos q 2 − 1 = 1 96. If sec θ = x + 1 , x ! 0 find ^sec θ + tan θh .

4x
1 =2

Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
sin q cos q
Now, tan θ + cot θ = sin θ + cos θ We have sec θ = x + 1 ...(1)
cos θ sin θ 4x
2 2 Since, tan2 θ = sec2 θ − 1
= sin θ + cos θ

cos θ sin θ
Substituting value of sec θ we have
=
1 =2
cos θ sin θ tan2 θ

= cx + 1 m − 1
2

4x

= x2 + 2x + 1 2 − 1

4x 16x

= x2 + 1 2 − 1

16x 2

= cx − 1 m
2

4x

tan θ = ! e x − 1 o


FOUR MARKS QUESTION 4x

When sec θ = x + 1 and tan θ = x − 1 we have

4x 4x
95. If sin θ + cos θ = 3 , then prove that tan θ + cot θ = 1
. sec θ + tan θ = c x + 1 m + c x − 1 m = 2x


Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
4x 4x

We have sin θ + cos θ = 3 When sec θ = x + 1 and tan θ =− c x − 1 m we have

4x 4x
Squaring both the sides, we get
sec θ + tan θ = c x + 1 m + '− c x − 1 m1
(sin θ + cos θ) 2 = ( 3 ) 2 4x 4x
sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3 = x+ 1 −x+ 1

4x 4x
1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3
2 sin q cos q = 3 − 1 = 2 = 2 = 1

4x 2x
sin q cos q = 1 ...(1) 97. If sin A = 3 calculate sec A.
4


Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
Now tan θ + cot θ = sin θ + cos θ
cos θ sin θ
We have sin A = 3
2 2 4
= sin θ + cos θ

sin θ cos θ
Now cos2 A = 1 − sin2 A
or tan θ + cot θ = 1
cos2 A = 1 − b 3 l = 1 − 9 = 7
2
sin θ cos θ
4 16 16
Substituting the value of sin q cos q from equation (1)
we have cos A = 7
4
tan θ + cot θ = 1 = 1
1 1 = 4
Thus sec A =
cos A 7
Hence, tan θ + cot θ = 1
98. Prove that: tan θ + cot θ = 1 + sec θ cosec θ
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ
Page 248 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

Ans : [Board 2019 OD] = LHS

Hence Proved

100.Find A and B if sin ^A + 2B h = 23

1
tan θ + cot θ = tan θ + tan θ and
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ 1 − tan1 θ 1 − tan θ cos ^A + 4B h = 0 , where A and B are acute angles.
2

Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
= tan θ +
1
tan θ − 1 tan θ (1 − tan θ)
We have sin ^A + 2B h = 3
2
2
= tan θ −
1
tan θ − 1 tan θ (tan θ − 1)
sin ^A + 2B h = sin 60c _sin 60c = 2
3
i
=
tan3 θ − 1
tan θ (tan θ − 1) A + 2B = 60c ...(1)

(tan θ − 1) (tan2 θ + 1 + tan θ) Also, given cos ^A + 4B h = 0

=

cos ^A + 4B h = cos 90c ]cos 90c = 0g
tan θ (tan θ − 1)
2
= tan θ + 1 + tan θ
A + 4B = 90c ...(2)
tan θ
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get
= tan θ + cot θ + 1

- 2B =− 30c & B = 15c
= sin θ + cos θ + 1
From equation (1) we have
cos θ sin θ
A + 2 ^15ch = 60c
2 2
= sin θ + cos θ + 1

sin θ cos θ A = 60c − 30c

1 = 30c
=
+1
sin θ cos θ Hence angle A = 30c and angle B = 15c.
= cosec θ sec θ + 1
101.If 4 tan θ = 3 , evaluate b 4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 l
4 sin θ + cos θ − 1
= 1 + sec θ cosec θ Hence Proved


Ans : [Board 2018]

99. Prove that: sin θ = 2+ sin θ We have 4 tan θ = 3 & tan θ = 3

cot θ + cosec θ cot θ − cosec θ 4


Ans : [Board 2019 OD]

LHS = sin θ
cot θ + cosec θ
2
= cos θsin θ 1 = sin θ
We know very well that if tan θ = 3 , then
sin θ + sin θ
cos θ +1 4
2 (1 − cos θ) (1 + cos θ) sin θ = and cos θ = 4
3
= 1 − cos θ =
5 5
cos θ + 1 cos θ + 1
Substituting above values in given expression,
= 1 − cos θ
...(1)
4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 = 4 # 5 − 5 + 1 = 13
3 4

Now, RHS = 2 + sin θ

cot θ − cosec θ 4 sin θ + cos θ − 1 4 # 5 + 45 − 1
3 11

2
= 2 + cos θsin θ 1 = 2 + sin θ
102.Evaluate :
sin θ − sin θ
cos θ − 1 tan2 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin2 90º tan2 60º − 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
2 (cos2 θ − 1)
2 + 1 − cos θ = 2 −


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
cos θ − 1 (cos θ − 1)
tan 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin 90º tan 60º − 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
2 2 2

(cos θ − 1) (cos θ + 1)
= 2−

= c 1 m # 1 + 1 # ^1 h2 # ^ 3 h − 2 # 1 # 12 # 1
2
cos θ − 1 2

3 2 2
= 2 − (cos θ + 1) = 1 − cos θ

Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 249

= 1 #1+1#3−2 = 3 + 32 + 12 + 1 = 48 = 2

3 2 2 24 24
= 1 + 3 − 2 = 1 + 9 − 12 = − 2 =− 1 105.Evaluate : 4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh − 3 ^cos2 45 − sin2 90ºh
6 2 6 6 3


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
103.Given that
4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh − 3 ^cos2 45 − sin2 90ºh
tan ^A + B h = tan A + tan B ,
1 − tan A tan B
= 4 ;b 1 l + b 1 l E − 3 =c 1 m − ^1 h2G
4 4 2

find the values of tan 75º and tan 90º by taking 2 2 2
suitable values of A and B.


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012, NCERT] = 4 : 1 + 1 D − 3 :1 − 1D

16 16 2

We have tan ^A + B h = tan A + tan B = 4 b 2 l − 3 b− 1 l = 1 + 3 = 4 = 2

1 − tan A tan B 16 2 2 2 2
(i) tan 75º = tan ^45º + 30ºh 106.If 15 tan2 θ + 4 sec2 θ = 23, then find the value of
^sec θ + cosec θh − sin θ .
2 2
= tan 45º + tan 30º

1 − tan 45º tan 30º

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

1+ 3 1

=
= 3 +1 We have 15 tan2 θ + 4 sec2 θ = 23
1 − 13 3 −1
15 tan2 θ + 4 ^tan2 θ + 1h = 23
^ 3 + 1h^ 3 + 1h
=
15 tan2 θ + 4 tan2 θ + 4 = 23
^ 3 − 1h^ 3 + 1h
19 tan2 θ = 19
= 3 + 22 3 + 1 = 4 + 2 3

^ 3 h − ^1 h2 2 tan θ = 1 = tan 45º
= 2+ 3
Thus θ = 45º
Now, ^sec θ + cosec θh2 − sin2 θ
Hence tan 75º = 2 + 3
= ^sec 45º + cosec 45ºh2 − sin2 45º

(ii) tan 90º = tan ^60º + 30ºh
= ^ 2 + 2h −c 1 m
2 2

= tan 60º + tan 30º
2
1 − tan 60º tan 30º
= ^2 2 h − 1 = 8 − 1 = 15
2
3+1
2 2 2
3+ 3
1
=
= 3
107.If 3 cot2 θ − 4 cot θ + 3 = 0 , then find the value of
1 − 3 # 13 0
cot2 θ + tan2 θ.
Hence, tan 90º = 3

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

104.Evaluate : We have 3 cot2 θ − 4 cot θ + 3 =0

Let cot θ = x , then we have
sin2 30º cos2 45º + 4 tan2 30º + 1 sin 90º − 2 cos2 90º + 1
2 24
3 x2 − 4x + 3 =0


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
3 x2 − 3x − x + 3 =0

^x - 3 h^ 3x - 1h = 0

sin2 30º cos2 45º + 4 tan2 30º + 1 sin 90º − 2 cos2 90º + 1 x = 3 or 1
2 24 3

= b 1 l # c 1 m + 4 c 1 m + 1 ^1 h2 − 2 ^0 h + 1 3 or cot θ = 1
2 2 2
Thus cot θ =
2 2 3 2 24 3

= 1 b 1 l + 4b 1 l + 1 + 1 = 1 + 4 + 1 + 1
Therefore θ = 30º or θ = 60º
4 2 3 2 24 8 3 2 24
If θ = 30º, then
Page 250 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

cot2 30º + tan2 30º = ^ 3 h + c 1 m A + B − C = 30º ...(1)

2 2

3
and cos ^B + C − Ah = 1 = cos 45º
= 3 + 1 = 10 2
3 3
If θ = 60º, then B + C − A = 45º ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we get
cot2 60º + tan2 60º = c 1 m + ^ 3 h
2 2

3 2B = 75º & B = 37.5º

= 1 + 3 = 10 .
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get,
3 3
2 ^A - C h =− 15º
108.Evaluate the following :
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º − 2 tan2 45º A - C =− 7.5º ...(3)
sin2 30º + cos2 45º
Now A + B + C = 180º


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
A + C = 180c − 37.5c = 142.5º ...(4)
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º − 2 tan2 45º = ^ 2 h
2 1 2 + 3 ` 23 j2 − 2 ^1 h2
sin2 30º + cos2 45º ^2h +` 2 j Adding equation (3) and (4), we have
1 2 1 2

2 ^ 12 h2 + 3 _ i − 2 ^1 h
2 2 2 2A = 135º & A = 67.5º
= 3

^2h +_ i C = 75º
1 2 1 2
2
and,
2
+4−2 Hence, +A = 67.5º, +B = 37.5º, +C = 75º
= 4
= 10
4 + 2
1 1 3
111.Prove that b2 x2 − a2 y2 = a2 b2, if :
tan θ + cot θ (1) x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ, or
109.Prove that : = 1 + tan θ + cot θ.
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ (2) x = a cosec θ, y = b cot θ


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

tan θ + cot θ = tan θ + tan θ

1 (1) We have x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ,
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ 1 − tan1 θ 1 − tan θ 2
x2 = sec2 θ, y = tan2 θ
2 2
2 a b
= tan θ + 1
tan θ − 1 ^1 − tan θh tan θ

2
or, x2 - y = sec2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
2 2
2
a b
= tan θ − 1
tan θ − 1 ^tan θ − 1h tan θ

Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
3
= tan θ − 1
^tan θ − 1h tan θ
(ii) We have x = a cosec θ, y = b cot θ

^tan θ − 1h^tan θ + tan θ + 1h

2
2 x2 = cosec2 θ, y = cot2 θ
2 2
=
^tan θ − 1h^tan θh
a b
2
2 x2 - y = cosec2 θ − cot θ = 1
= tan θ + tan θ + 1
a 2
b 2
tan θ
Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
= tan θ + 1 + cot θ

Hence Proved. 112.If cosec θ − cot θ = 2 cot θ, then prove that
cosec θ + cot θ = 2 cosec θ.
110.In an acute angled triangle ABC if sin ^A + B − C h = 12

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
and cos ^B + C − Ah = 12 find +A, +B and +C .


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
We have cosec θ − cot θ = 2 cot θ

We have sin ^A + B − C h = 1 = sin 30º Squaring both sides we have

2
cosec2 θ + cot2 θ − 2 cosec θ cot θ = 2 cot2 θ
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 251

cosec2 θ − cot2 θ = 2 cosec θ cot θ 115.Prove that : tan θ + sin θ = sec θ + 1 .

tan θ − sin θ sec θ − 1
^cosec θ + cot θh^cosec θ − cot θh = 2 cosec θ cot θ

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
_cosec q − cot q = 2 cot q i sin θ
tan θ + sin θ = cos θ + sin θ
We have
^cosec θ + cot θh 2 cot θ = 2 cosec θ cot θ tan θ − sin θ sin θ
cos θ − sin θ
cosec θ + cot θ = 2 cosec θ
Hence Proved. sin θ ^ cos1 θ + 1h
=
sin θ ^ cos1 θ − 1h

= sec θ + 1
sec θ − 1
Hence Proved.

116.Prove that : cosec A + cosec A = 2 sec2 A

cosec A − 1 cosec A + 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
113.Prove that :
cot3 θ sin3 θ + tan3 θ cos3 θ = sec θ cosec θ − 1 cosec A + cosec A
^ θ + sin θh ^cos θ + sin θh
cos cosec θ + sec θ
2 2
cosec A − 1 cosec A + 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] 2 2
= cosec A + cosec A + cosec A − cosec A
^cosec A − 1h^cosec A + 1h
3 3 3 3

cot θ sin θ + tan θ cos θ
^ θ + sin θh ^cos θ + sin θh
cos 2 2
2
= 2 cosec
A = 2 cosec2 A
2
cos 3 θ
# sin θ
3
# cos θ sin 3 θ 3 cosec A − 1 cot2 A
=
2 +
sin 3 θ cos 3 θ
^cos θ + sin θh ^cos θ + sin θ
2
2 2
= cos = 22 # sin 2A
2
sin A
2

cos θ 3
sin θ 3 A
sin A cos A
= 2 +
2
sin A
^cos θ + sin θh ^cos θ + sin θh
2

= 22 = 2 sec2 A
Hence Proved.
^cos θ + sin θh^cos θ + sin θ − sin θ cos θh
2 2 cos A
=

^cos θ + sin θh p2 − 1
2
117.If cosec θ + cot θ = p, then prove that cos θ = .
p2 + 1
θ cos θ
1
− sin
= 1 − sin θ cos θ =
cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ

Ans : [Board Term-1 2016
cos θ + sin θ cos θ
cos θ sin θ
θ
+ cossinθ sin θ
^cosec θ + cot θh − 1
2
p2 − 1
= cosec θ sec θ − 1 =
Hence Proved
^cosec θ + cot θh + 1
2 2
cosec θ + sec θ p +1
sec θ − 1 + sec θ + 1 = 2 cosec θ. 2 2
114.Prove that :
sec θ + 1 sec θ − 1 = cosec2 θ + cot2 θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ − 1

cosec θ + cot θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ + 1


Ans : [Board Terim-1, 2012, Set-9]
= 1 + cot2 θ + cot2 θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ − 1
sec θ + 1 = ^sec θ − 1h + ^sec θ + 1h
cosec2 θ + cosec2 θ − 1 + 2 cosec θ cot θ + 1
sec θ − 1 +
sec θ + 1 sec θ − 1 ^sec θ + 1h^sec θ − 1h 2 cot θ ^cot θ + cosec θh
=
2 cosec θ ^cosec θ + cot θh

= 2 sec
θ = 2 sec θ = 2 sec θ
sec2 θ − 1 tan2 θ tan θ
= cos θ # sin θ = cos θ

sin θ
= 2 # 1 # cos θ

cos θ sin θ 118.If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ − b cos θ = n, prove
that m2 + n2 = a2 + b2
= 2# 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
sin θ

= 2 cosec θ
Hence Proved We have
m2 = a2 cos2 θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ + b2 sin2 θ ...(1)
Page 252 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

and, n2 = a2 sin2 θ − 2ab sin θ cos θ + b2 cos2 θ ...(2) x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 sin2 A cos2 C + r2 sin2 A sin2 C + r2 cos2 A
Adding equations (1) and (2) we get = r2 sin2 A ^cos2 C + sin2 C h + r2 cos2 A

m2 + n2 = a2 ^cos2 θ + sin2 θh + b2 ^cos2 θ + sin2 θh = r2 sin2 A + r2 cos2 A

= a 2 ^1 h + b2 ^1 h
= r2 ^sin2 A + cos2 Ah

= a2 + b2
= r2
Hence Proved.

122.Prove that: 1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ = 2 sec θ .

2
cos θ + sin θ 3 1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
119.Prove that : = 1 + sin θ cos θ.

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
1 − tan θ sin θ − cos θ


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
cos2 θ + sin3 θ
1 − tan θ sin θ − cos θ ^1 + sin θh ^1 + sin θh ^1 − sin θh ^1 − sin θh
= +
^1 − sin θh ^1 + sin θh ^1 + sin θh ^1 − sin θh
# #
2
= cossinθθ +
sin3 θ
1 − cos θ sin θ − cos θ ^1 + sin θh ^1 − sin θh
2 2
= +
^1 − sin θh
2 2
cos3 θ sin3 θ 1 − sin θ
=
−
^1 + sin θh ^1 − sin θ
cos θ − sin θ cos θ − sin θ 2 2
=
+
3 3
cos2 θ cos2 θ
= cos θ − sin θ

cos θ − sin θ
= 1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ = 1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ

^cos θ − sin θh^cos θ + sin θ + sin θ cos θh
2 2 cos θ cos θ cos θ
=
^cos θ − sin θh

= 2 = 2 sec θ
Hence Proved
cos θ
= 1 + sin θ cos θ
Hence Proved
123.Prove that
120.If cos θ + sin θ = p and sec θ + cosec θ = q, prove that
q ^p2 − 1h = 2p ^1 − sin θ + cos θh = 2 ^1 + cos θh^1 − sin θh .
2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

We have cos θ + sin θ = p and sec θ + cosec θ = q
q ^p2 - 1h = ^sec θ + cosec θh [^cos θ + sin θh2 − 1]
= ^ θ + cosec θh^cos2 θ + sin2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ − 1h
sec
= ^sec θ + cosec θh [1 + 2 sin θ cos θ − 1]
^1 − sin θ + cos θh
2
= 1 + sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 sin θ − 2 sin θ cos θ + 2 cos θ
= 1 + 1 − 2 sin θ − 2 sin θ cos θ + 2 cos θ
= 2 + 2 cos θ − 2 sin θ − 2 sin θ cos θ

= b 1 + 1 l^2 sin θ cos θh

= 2 ^1 + cos θh − 2 sin θ ^1 + cos θ

cos θ sin θ
= ^1 + cos θh^2 − 2 sin θh

= b sin θ + cos θ l 2 sin θ cos θ

cos θ sin θ = 2 ^1 + cos θh^1 − sin θh
Hence Proved

= 2 ^sin θ + cos θh = 2p
Hence Proved.
124.Prove that : tan θ + sec θ − 1 = sec θ + tan θ
tan θ − sec θ − 1
121.If x = r sin A cos C, y = r sin A sin C and z = r cos A,

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
then prove that x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
tan θ + sec θ − 1


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012, Set-50] tan θ − sec θ + 1
Since, x2 = r2 sin2 A cos2 C ^tan θ + sec θh − ^sec θ − tan θh
2 2

=

y2 = r2 sin2 A sin2 C tan θ − sec θ + 1

and z2 = r2 cos2 A ^tan θ + sec θh − ^sec θ − tan θh^sec θ + tan θh

=

tan θ − sec θ + 1
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 253

^tan θ + sec θh (1 − sec θ + tan θ) dimensions.

=

tan θ − sec θ + 1

= tan θ + sec θ
Hence Proved

125.Prove that :
^sin θ + cosec θh + ^cos θ + sec θh = 7 + tan θ + cot θ cot θ
2 2 2 2 2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

^sin θ + cosec θh + ^cos θ + sec θ

2

= sin2 θ + cosec2 θ + 2 sin θ cosec θ + cos2 θ

+ sec2 θ + 2 cos θ sec θ
= ^sin2 θ + cos2 θh + cosec2 θ + 2 + sec2 θ + 2
1 =
= 1 + ^1 + cot2 θh + 2 + ^1 + tan2 θh + 2 Now cot θ =
tan θ
5

= 7 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ Hence Proved

sin θ = 1
6
126.If sin θ = c and d > 0, find the value of cos θ
c2 + d2 cos θ = 5
and tan θ. 6


Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]

^1 + cot θh − ^1 + tan θh
2 2
c 2 2
We have sin θ = (1) cosec2 θ − sec2 θ =
c + d2 ^1 + cot θh + ^1 + tan θh
2 2 2
cosec θ + sec θ
Now cos2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ 2 2
= cot θ 2− tan θ 2

2 + cot θ + tan θ
= 1 − b 2c 2 l
2

c +d ^ 5 h − ^ 15 h2
2

=

2 + ^ 5 h + ` 15 j2
2 2
= 1− 2c 2

c +d
5 − 15
2 2 2 2 =
= 25 − 1 = 24 = 2
= c +2 d −2 c = 2 d 2
2 + 5 + 15 35 + 1 36 3
c +d c +d
2
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = c 1 m + e 5
2

Thus cos θ = d (2) o

6 6
c2 + d2
c =1+5=6

6 6 6
Again, tan θ = sin θ = c2 + d2 = c
cos θ d d =1
Hence proved.
c2 + d2
Thus tan θ = c 128.If sec θ + tan θ = p, show that sec θ − tan θ = 1 ,
d p
Hence, find the values of cos θ and sin θ.
127.If tan θ = 1 ,

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
5
2 2
(1) Evaluate : cosec2 θ − sec2 θ We have sec θ + tan θ = p (1)
cosec θ + sec θ
(2) Verify the identity : sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1 = 1 (sec θ − tan θ)
Now
p sec θ + tan θ # (sec θ − tan θ)


Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

= sec2 θ − tan2θ = sec θ − tan θ

We have tan θ = 1 sec θ − tan θ
5

We draw the triangle as shown below and write all

Page 254 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

or 1 = sec θ − tan θ (2)

p 1 2
= 1+
+
sin2 A cos2 A sin A cos A
Solving sec θ + tan θ = p and sec θ − tan θ = 1 ,
p
= b1 + 1
l
2

sin A cos A
p2 + 1
sec θ = 1 b p + 1 l =
2 p 2p = ^1 + sec A cosec Ah2
Hence Proved

Thus cos θ =
2p 131.If ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h
p2 + 1
= ^sec A − tan Ah^sec B − tan B h^sec C − tan C h
p2 − 1 Prove that each of the side is equal to ! 1.
and tan θ = 1 b p − 1 l =
2 p 2p

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

p2 − 1 We have
and sin θ = tan θ cos θ =
p2 + 1
^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h
129.Prove that : ^cosec θ + cot θh = sec θ + 1
2
= ^sec A − tan Ah^sec B − tan B h^sec C − tan C h
sec θ − 1


Ans :
Multiply both sides by
^cosec θ + cot θh = cosec θ + cot θ + 2 cosec θ. cot θ
2 2 2

^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h

= b 1 l + b cos θ l + 2 # 1 # cos θ
2 2

sin θ sin θ sin θ sin θ or, ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h #

^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h

2
= 12 + cos2 θ + 2 cos2 θ

sin θ sin θ sin θ
= ^sec A − tan Ah2 ^sec B − tan B h2 ^sec C − tan C h2
^1 + cos θh
2 2
= 1 + cos θ 2+ 2 cos θ =
2 or, ^sec2 A - tan2 Ah^sec2 B - tan2 B h^sec2 C - tan2 C h
sin θ 1 − cos θ

^1 + cos θh^1 + cos θh = ^sec A − tan Ah2 ^sec A − tan B h2 ^sec C − tan C h2
=
^1 + cos θh^1 − cos θh

or, 1 = 8^sec A − tan Ah^sec B − tan B h^sec C − tan C hB2
1 + sec1 θ
= 1 + cos θ =
or, ^sec A − tan Ah^sec B − tan B h^sec C + tan C h = ! 1
1 − cos θ 1 − sec1 θ
132.If 4 sin θ = 3, find the value of x if
= sec θ + 1
Hence Prove.
sec θ − 1 cosec2 θ − cot2 θ + 2 cot θ = 7 + cos θ
sec2 θ − 1 x
130.Prove that :
^sin A + sec Ah + ^cos A + cosec Ah = ^1 + sec A cosec Ah
2 2 2

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

We have sin θ = 3
4
LHS = ^sin A + sec Ah2 + ^cos A + cosec Ah2
or, sin2 θ = 9
= b A + 1 l + b cos A + 1 l
2 2
sin 16
cos A sin A 2 2
Since sin θ + cos = 1, we have
= sin2 A +
1 + 2 sin A + cos2 A +
cos2 A cos A cos2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ = 1 − 9 = 7
16 16
+ 12 + 2 cos A
sin A sin A 7
cos θ =
4
= sin2 A + cos2 A +
1 + 1 +
sin2 A cos2 A 3
and tan θ = sin θ = 4
= 3
cos θ
+ 2 b sin A + cos A l
7
4 7
cos A sin A
Thus cosec2 θ − cot2 θ + 2 cot θ = 7 + cos θ
x
c sin A cos A m
= 1 + sin A

2 2
+ cos A + 2 sin A + cos A 2 2
sec2 θ − 1
sin2 A cos2 A
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 255

1 +2 7 7 7 2 + 2 cos φ
sin φ ^1 + cos φh
# 3 = x + 4 =4
tan2 θ

1 +2 7 = 7 + 7 2 ^1 + cos φh
=4
tan θ 3 x 4 sin φ ^1 + cos φh

7 +2 7 − 7 = 7 2 =4
3 3 4 x sin φ

4 7- 7 = 7 sin φ = 1
4 x 2

3 7 = 7 sin φ = sin 30c

4 x
Thus φ = 30º
Thus x =4 135.If tan A + sin A = m and tan A − sin A = n, show
3
that m2 − n2 = 4 mn .
133.Prove that sec2 θ + cosec2 θ can never be less than 2.

Ans : [Board-Term 1 2009


Ans : [Board-Term 1 2011]
We have tan A + sin A = m
Let sec2 θ + cosec2 θ = x
and tan A - sin A = n
1 + tan2 θ + 1 + cot2 θ = x
m2 - n2 = ^tan A + sin Ah2 − ^tan A − sin Ah2
2 2
2 + tan θ + cot θ = x
= ^ 2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan Ah
tan
2 2
2 + tan θ + cot θ = x
− ^tan2 A + sin2 A − 2 sin A tan Ah
2 2
tan θ $ 0 and cot θ $ 0
= tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A

Thus x > 2
− tan2 A − sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A
Thus sec2 θ + cosec2 θ > 2
= 4 sin A tan A

2 2
Hence sec θ + cosec θ can never be less than 2.
4 mn = 4 ^tan A + sin Ah^tan A − sin Ah
134.(a) Solve for φ , if tan 5φ = 1 = 4 tan2 A − sin2 A

sin φ 1 + cos φ
(b) Solve for φ , if + =4
1 + cos φ sin φ 2
= 4 sin 2A − sin2 A



Ans : cos A
2 2 2
(a) tan 5φ = 1 = 4 sin A − sin2 A cos A

cos A
tan 5φ = tan 45º
sin2 A ^1 − cos2 Ah
5φ = 45º =4

cos2 A
Thus φ = 9º 2 2
= 4 sin A #2 sin A

sin φ 1 + cos φ cos A
(b) + =4
1 + cos φ sin φ
= 4 sin A # sin A

cos A
sin φ + ^1 + cos θh
2 2

sin φ ^1 + cos φh
=4 = 4 sin A # sin A

cos A
sin2 φ + 1 + 2 cos φ + cos2 φ = 4 sin A tan A

=4
sin φ + sin φ cos φ
Thus m2 - n2 = 4 mn Hence Proved
2 2
sin φ + cos φ + 1 + 2 cos φ
=4
sin φ ^1 + cos φh 136.If cos α = m and cos α = n, show that
cos β sin β
Page 256 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8

^m + n h cos β = n .
2 2 2 2

Ans : [Board-Term 1 2010]

We have cos α = m and cos α = n
cos β sin β

2 2
m = cos 2α and n2 = cos 2 α
2
cos β sin β 1

sin
^m + n h cos β = = 2 +
2 2
cos α cos α cos2 β
sin2 β G
2 2 2
cos β 1

= cos2 α ; 12 + 12 E cos2 β

cos β sin β =
sin2 β + cos2 β
= cos2 α
cos2 β
cos2 β sin2 β

= cos2 α c 1
cos2 β sin2 β m
cos2 β

2
= cos 2 α

sin β
= n2
Hence Proved.

137.If 7 cosec φ − 3 cot φ = 7, prove that

7 cot φ − 3 cosec φ = 3.


Ans :

We have 7 cosec φ − 3 cot φ = 7

7 cosec φ − 7 = 3 cot φ
7 ^cosec φ − 1h = 3 cot φ
7 ^cosec φ − 1h^cosec φ + 1h = 3 cot φ ^cosec φ + h
7 ^cosec2 φ − 1h = 3 cot φ ^cosec φ + h
7 cot2 φ = cot φ cosec