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Chapter 1
Chapter 1
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1.1 FUNDAMENTAL OF MATERIAL SCIENCE
• Materials science involves investigating the relationships
that exist between the structures and properties of
materials.
• The four components of the discipline of materials science
and engineering and their interrelationship as shown in Figure
1.0.
Figure 1.0: Four components of the discipline of materials science and engineering
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.1 Metal
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.1 Metal
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.2 Polymers
• Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials.
Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically
based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic
elements.
• They have very large molecular structures, often chain-like in
nature that have a backbone of carbon atoms.
• These materials typically have low densities, whereas their
mechanical characteristics are generally dissimilar to the
metallic and ceramic materials and they are not as stiff nor as
strong as these other material types.
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.2 Polymers
Polycarbonate
(PC) sheet
Polystyrene
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.3 Ceramics
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.3 Ceramics
Silicon Carbide
grinding wheel
Silicon Nitride
Silicon Dioxide (Silica) Ceramic Bearing
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.4 Composites
• A composite is composed of two (or more) individual
materials (metal, polymer, ceramic).
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.4 Composites
• Example: fiberglass, in which small glass fibers are embedded
within a polymeric material (normally an epoxy or polyester).
– The glass - relatively strong and stiff (but also brittle), whereas the
polymer - is ductile (but also weak and flexible).
– Thus, the resulting fiberglass is relatively stiff, strong, flexible, and
ductile. In addition, it has a low density.
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
1.2.5.1 Biomaterials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
1.2.5.1 Biomaterials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
1.2.5.2 Semiconductor
• Semiconductors have electrical properties that are
intermediate between the electrical conductors and
insulators.
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
1.2.5.3 Nano engineered Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5.4 Smart Materials
• Shape-memory alloys are metals that, after having been
deformed, revert back to their original shape when
temperature is changed.
Source: http://www.gcsescience.com/ex38.htm
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5.4 Smart Materials (click to play video)
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5.4 Smart Materials
• Piezoelectric ceramics expand and contract in response to an
applied electric field (or voltage); conversely, they also
generate an electric field when their dimensions are altered.
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5.4 Smart Materials (click to play video)
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1.2.5 Advanced Materials
1.2.5.4 Smart Materials (click to play video)
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
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