WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
Defining and Understanding
Terms: WEEK 1
Belief or Paniniwala
- conviction concerning particular
ideas
- Shapes our ideas regarding our
reality
- Influenced by perception, actual
experience, and through mental
process based on ideas and
attitudes
- Needs proof to believe
- Tiwala (you trust because there
is a proof)
Faith or Pananampalataya
- Belief that may not be based on
proof
- Can be also based on proof (not
always)
- Unwavering confidence or trust
- Observance of religious duties
- Attitude of reverence
- Tumataya sa pananam
Important Note: Faith is Subjective
Faith = Pananampalataya (taong
tumataya sa kanyang gusto)
Traditions
- Where we get dogmas and
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teachings
- Oral - passed through words
- Written - Bible -> Biblius
(collection of books)
- Canon - Standard of faith and
religion
- Bible has 66 books
- The original dialect of Bible is
Aramaic
- Septuagint (Hebrew) -Sept -
Seven ; Tua - two ; Gint - scrolls
= Seventy two scrolls
- St. Jerome - Vulgate (Latin)
- Abrahamic Religions (by
Abraham) -> Judaism, Islam,
Christianity
Belief Systems
- Collection of beliefs about life
and the universe being held by
the people of beliefs about life
and universe being held by
people
- Stories or Ideas we hold that
define our personal sense of
reality through which one makes
sense of the world
- Usually, Belief systems →
Religion
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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
Worldview
- explanation and interpretation
of reality, history, and
civilization
- A particular way of ordering
realities of one’s world
- How one views the world or
reality
DIFFERENT WORLDVIEWS
1. Monism
- mono (isa), ism (movement,
cultural, political, spiritual)
- everything is connected; one
- “All of reality can be reduced to
one thing or essence” ex: body
& soul is just one
- Paniniwala mo ay lahat
magkaugnay at iisa
2. Polytheism
- Belief in more than one
god/deity
- Poly (many), Theism (God
movement ; Greek word)
- Example: Ancient Greek, Egypt,
and Hinduism
3. Monotheism
- Belief in a single deity
- Mono: one ; Theism: God
movement
- Muslim, Christianity, Judaism
- Elleh (God of All)
GRADE 11
Green grades cutie!
- El - God; Leh - of all (no
letter E in the Islamic
alphabet = Allah)
- A - alif I and U are the
only letters in Islamic
4. Atheism and Agnosticism
- Atheism is disbelief in the
existence of a deity, deities,
supernatural (faith)
- Agnosticism believes that one
cannot prove or disprove the
existence of a deity/deities
(knowledge, learning,
understanding)
- A in greek grammar means wala
- Atheism - faith and total
rejection of God ; Agnosticism -
knowledge, there is God but you
don’t have the knowledge or you
deny
5. Theology
- study of religious faith, practice,
and experience
- Theo - God ; Logos - study ;
Theology: Study of God and His
relation to the world
- Done in a rational and
philosophical way
- Philosophical way as it aims to
know the truth abt God
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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
Religion
- relationship between humans
and that which they regard as
holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual,
divine, or worthy of special
reverence
- Consists of the way people deal
with their ultimate concerns
about life and the life after
- A set of beliefs and practices
that relates to metaphysical
(beyond physci) and
transcendental issues
ELEMENTS OF RELIGION
A religion without these elements or
lacks an element is not a religion but is
a cult
1. Beliefs
- Religion profess belief system
and worldviews seeking to
explain all things
- Religions have sacred histories
and narratives preserved in
sacred texts
- Belief systems + Worldviews
- Septuagint - 72 scrolls
2. Organization
- Religions are organized sets of
beliefs, rituals, and emotions;
- Each have their own structure,
hierarchy, symbol of authority,
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and function
- Hierarchy is important
- It is like a government
- Members have to fulfill
expected roles
- Atheist have hierarchies too
3. Emotions and values
- Religions evoke emotions traced
to the divine and people’s
relationship with the divine
- The relationship of your religion
with God
- Religions influence values and
ascribe meaning to actions and
objects
- Mahal-alaga : Members value
their religion so much
4. Rituals and ceremonies
- Rituals and ceremonies mark
certain major life events (ex:
birth, marriage, and death) and
significant events to the faithful
- Sense of culture and identity
- They place major events within
a larger narrative ascribing
meaning to them
- Our identity ascribes as to a
particular religion
- Reminds our connection with
the divine
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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
- Through rituals and ceremonies,
we are taking a glimpse of the
afterlife
- Sacraments (christians) ; Taichi
(Taoists) ; (Buddhism) Yoga
- KBL: Kasal, Binyag, Libing
5. Sacred objects, texts, and
spaces
- Representations of the divine
and indications of the
relationship between the faithful
and the divine
- We don’t do Idolatry, it is
veneration
- Veneration to idols. Ex. We are
not praying to the Black
Nazareth, instead we are
venerating. We are just being
reminded how Jesus looks to
not forget him.
- Location of great spiritual
significance dedicated for
rituals, worship, or pilgrim sites
- Catholic venerate physical
elements that serves as a
reminder
→ “Philosophy is the handmaid of
theology”
Religious and Spiritual
SPIRITUALITY
- Set of principles or an
GRADE 11
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integrated view on life that often
transcends religious affiliation
- Affects personal life, deeper
understanding and
pagsasabuhay
- Nagdadasal ka because it's
already a part of your personal
existence. Ex. Praying is not a
burden to you.
- Emphasizes the experience and
expression of the sacred search
for the transcendent meaning,
the attainment of harmony with
the universe, and the
achievement of a sense of
purpose and balance in the face
of life’s challenges.
- It’s not obligatory that you show
it to others, but is part of your
personal experience or life
- Di ka man present sa mga
catholic events, but u already
have a grasp of who God is in
your life and have faith
ELEMENTS OF SPIRITUALITY
1. Holistic/fully integrated view of
life
2. Search for meaning and purpose
3. Desire to attain knowledge
regarding the sacred
4. Self-reflective existence
(Mortality)
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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

-> Religion can be considered as the

DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIONS:
manifestation of one’s spirituality How World Religions Began
-> But being religious is not a
guarantee of spirituality
How did religion emerge in early
society?
“Religious but not spiritual”
1. Animism
- They have difficulty to
- Filipinos believe Anito
self-transcend due to a lack of
- Bathala (si Bathala na
self-reflection on the value and
ang Bahala), deities
importance of religious
practices and rituals
Animism in Philippines
- More focused on the rituals and
- Belief system that subscribes to
religious practices itself rather
a God called Bathala and deities
than its benefit to spiritual
- Before the muslims came,
growth
filipinos had a religion, economy
already
“Spiritual but not religious”
- Anito = spirits ng loved ones
- They view spirituality as an
- in Kaluwalhatian
achievement of balance
(Heaven)
between the body, spirit, and
- Cosmogony (Sarimanok,
mind, as well as the attainment
Malakas at Maganda, gods)
of overall well-being in one’s life
- nature and animals are sacred
- Actions should co-inside of what
and magical
is inside you
- Bulan - the only moon na
- Taoists and Buddist
natira (7 moons, but only
- They reject religious norms and
1 remained because
rituals as means to spiritual
Bukanawa ate them)
growths
- Adlaw - sun
- Nono - elder, spirits
- Nuno sa punso -
crocodile, dwarfs
- nature ceremonies
- Diwata lives in ilog, river

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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
- As a way to spread
christianity
- Sacred places of worship
- Church of San Nicolas de
Tolentino on top of
sacred Anito Site
- Ex: Angkan 1 has a
bigger house but Angkan
2 has a larger population
since the most
population usually wins,
they will build a house
over Angkan 1 house
- Senakulo - place where
Jesus had his last supper
- Kamahantik: City of the Anitos
(Southern part of Quezon)
- Religious Hierarchy
- Sonat - bading (split
personality and half
personality is part of
gods)
- Babaylan (Spaniards
were threatened by
women)
- Manunggul burial jar (sundo to
Kalualhatian)
- No hell in the Philippines
- Nature is part of our existence
- Other countries recognized
Kingdom of Tondo = Lakandula
(King; Demi-god)
- Believed to posses
power
GRADE 11
Green grades cutie!
- Luzon/Pangasinan = Urduja
(Princess)
Antonio Pigafetta
- magellan's voyage
- People believed in what
Pigafetta wrote (what he
witnessed and experienced)
Pedro Chirino
- relations in the island of the
philip
- Jesuit scholar
Isabelo de lo Reyes
- pre-hispanic to the 19th century
- Prominent figure in the
Philippine independence from
Spain
2. Nature-worship
3. Magic
4. Wish fulfillment
Paleolithic Period
- some one million years ago —
10,000 BCE
- Early humans were hunter
gatherers and fishers
- Caves are used for burial sites
Early Humans
- characterized by their reliance
on nature and susceptibility to
wild animals and natural
disasters
- Have developed reactions and
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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
responses to the natural
ecosphere rooted in the fear of
the unknown, intense forces of
nature and uncertainties of
human life
- Might have developed sacred &
supernatural views and religious
practices
- Anxiety, reverence, jubilation,
gratefulness, and other
responses to the natural
environment must all have
figured in the ritual observances
- Homo sapiens adaptability and
penchant for survival caused
migration
- Thus, geographical isolations
caused cultural shifts among
people
Neolithic period
- Survival, population, settlement,
and technology significant
changed
- Neolithic (bagong bato)
- transition in human history from
small nomadic bands of
hunter-gatherers to larger,
agricultural settlements and
early civilization
- resulted in the development of
more complex societies
- religious beliefs became more
complex and organized (belief
GRADE 11
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systems)
- Burry the dead and various
items such as food and tools
- Physical structures such as
temples and altars
- Some evidence of early religious
practices and beliefs
The development of early religious
beliefs is also brought by the
emergency of civilizations
CIVILIZATION
● Mesopotamia (tigris and
euphrates)
● Egypt (Nile)
● Indus Valley (Indus-India)
● China (Huang Ho/Yellow)
● The Americas (Lakes, rivers, &
oceans)
→ Traditions are influenced by
geographic, cultural, and social factors
→ Religions were shaped and
influenced by cultural diversity
→ Social factors also played a great role
in religions development and in shaping
individual’s beliefs, lifestyles, and
personalities
Religious Diversity means:
- Different countries
- Different geography
- Different access to resources
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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

- Different levels of development

EFFECTS OF RELIGION
- Different beliefs and practices

POSITIVE EFFECTS:
Caused the distribution and spread of
1. Psychological and personal benefits
religion:
- Reduces fear
- Universal religions: widely
- Provides positive goals
distributed and goal is to
- Gives hope
convert people
- Improvement of health
- Ethnic religions: confined to a
2. Social/communal benefits
particular region
- Social harmony/solidarity: Binds
people
The 3 Gs
a. Ecumenical: we are
- God
united kahit iba’t ibang
- Gold
pananampalataya.
- Glory
Nagkakaroon ng
common ground
CULTURE AND RELIGION
- Social transformation
Culture - system of vital ideals that
3. Literature, music, arts
contain, energize, and direct virtually
- Dante’s divine comedy
every aspect of social life and person’s
- Beethoven’s symphony
relationship w the world
- Michelangelo’s paintings
- Complex of distinctive spiritual,
(Sistine Chapel)
material, intellectual, and
4. Charity and humanitarianism
emotional features that
- Caritas Manila
characterize a society or social
- Islamic Relief Worldwide
group
- Red Cross / Red Crescent
- Samaritan’s Purpose
Religion - identifying feature and
5. Moral foundation and values
bonding agent for units of society
- Organized behavior
- Aspects of culture have religious
- Order and peace
significance

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WORLD RELIGION
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER
NEGATIVE EFFECTS:
1. Medieval era was severely affected
by the black plague (because of the
silk road)
- Crusades reshaped that view of
religions and faith
- Significant reasons why
religions fight for Jerusalem:
- Economic: whoever
controls Jerusalem,
controls the taxation.
Jerusalem is also a
gateway to Asia and
europe.
- Geopolitical: who
controls the jerusalem,
controls the silk road
(middle ground)
- Religious: Sepulcher –
The church where Jesus
died and resurrected
2. Violence, human rights violations,
abuse of power
- Extremism
- Fundamentalism
3. Women’s rights and gender issues
- Discrimination and injustice
- Marginalization
4. Science
- Galileo
- Copernicus
5. Threats to religion
- ISIS movement
- Discrimination, intolerance,
GRADE 11
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violent acts, hate crime
- Religious tolerance
- Understanding and respect
- Interreligious dialogue
- Peace initiatives
1. This is the center of worship
for Indigenous Filipinos. They
are akin to saints in the
Catholic religion. Essentially,
they are our "ancestors" -
Anito
2. Isa sa mga pinag-away ni
Sarimanok para magawa ang
kabihasnang Pilipinas. - Ulap
3. Isang uri ng banga na kung
saan nilalagay ang mga
bangkay ng mga yumao. -
Manunggul
4. Isa sa mga ilog sa
Mesopotamia. - Tigres
5. An Era where civilizations
developed and agricultural
technologies were invented. -
Neolithic
6. A movement first called by
Pope Urban II in order to take
back Jerusalem. - Crusades
7. Isang mataas na miyembro ng
Komunidad noong unang
panahon na nagtatalaga ng
mga Babaylan sa mga
balangay at mga tribu. - Sonat
8. Mas mahabang ilog sa
Mesopotamia - Euphrates
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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

9. Binibigay o nilalapag sa mga 22. A time when crude tools were

puntod para sa mga yumao. - used by prehistoric humans,
Alay lumang bato. - Paleolithic
10. Hantungan ng mga yumao- 23. A religious leader in charge
Kaluwalhatian of rituals and ceremonies in
11. The central religion in Europe balangays and communities -
- Catholicism Babaylan
12. Supreme God for Animists. - 24. A river that was responsible
Bathala for the development of the
13. Missionary Jesuits who wrote Indian Peninsula. - Indus
about Pre Hispanic religions 25. 15. A religion that emerged
in the Philippines. - Chirino during the 6th Century in
14. One of the oldest civilizations, Arabia. - Islam
modern day Iraq. - 26. Eva ng mga Pilipino -
Mesopotamia Maganda
15. Sinaunang nilalang na
pinaniniwalaang kumakain ng
mga buwan. - Bakunawa
16. Makapangyarihang nilalang
na may angking lakas ng ilang
tao. Kumakain ng tao. -
Aswang
17. Sister of Adlao and the only
moon left in the skies. - Bulan
18. A kind of dialogue that
intends to sow seeds of peace
among religions and cultures.
- Interreligious
19. Isa sa mga pinagaway ni
Sarimanok. - Karagatan
20. The city was essential during
the Medieval period because
of economic, geopolitical and
religious reasons. - Jerusalem
21. A mountain discovered for its
rich collection of prehistoric
artifacts and religious sites. -
Kamahantik

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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

- Writings (Ketuvim)
JUDAISM
- teachings/stories

YHWH - Name of THE MOST HIGH GOD

Jewish Prayer Costume
given to the children of Israel
- Kippa
- Pronounced as YAHWEH or
- Prayer Shawl
YAHOWAH
- Temple Memorial Bands
- Means He was - He is - He will
- Prayer Book
be or eternal one
- Fringes
Shalom is:
Shalom - “peace be with you”
- Wishing for wholeness
- They use scrolls instead of bible
- Well-being
- Would read a passage and would
- Prosperity
share a sermon
- Safety
- Harmony with God and Others
The Tanakh
- Judaism started with Abraham
- Hebrew Bible
- For the jews, Jesus was not the
- Most sacred jewish scripture
messiah
- Literally means “instruction”
- Up to this day, the Jews are still
and refers to the will of God as it
waiting for the messiah
is reveal to humankind
- Contains three major parts:
3 Promises to Abraham
- Torah (teaching)
- Land
- PentaTeuch or 5
- Blessing for him and his
scrolls
descendants
- Believed to be
- Blessing through him for all the
written by Moses
nations
- The Prophets (Nevi’im)
- Spokesperson of
Moses and Israelites
Jesus
- created Ba’al; lost faith in God
- Former Prophet
- israelites created a fake god
- Latter Prophet
dahil mapaghanap ng God
- 12 Minor
(Ba’al)
Prophets

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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

40 - significant number in Judaism and - The Lord wanted Jacob to have

Christianity the birthright blessing and not
- Testing of Faith/Loyalty Esau
- Birthright: doubles the portion
40 days and night of inheritance, leadership of
40 days - desert family
40 years JACOB AND HIS 12 SONS
40 generations - really loved rachel and had a
crush on Leah bc of her eyes
Lent - Kuaresma (40) - Had 2 concubines Zilpah and
Bilhah
JUDAISM (God, the Covenant, and His - Jacob/Israel - struggled w God
People MOSES
- 10 commandments translated - God made a covenant with the
into 613 laws (Mosaic Law) Israelites in Mt. Sinai through
the prophet Moses
Early Development - Passover - commemoration of
ABRAHAM Last supper
- call of Abraham - Cenacle = Last Supper 3’
- Abraham didn’t love Hagar
(inanakan lang) (Ishamel is their Torah
son) - “The Law”
ISAAC AND REBEKAH - Five books of moses pentateuch
- Inutusan ni Abraham servant - teachings, commandments,
niya to find Isaac a wife and history
- Servant asked for a sign that Nevi’im
someone would give him and - “Prophets” - God’s
the animals water spokespersons
- Took Isaac years before he Ketuvim
married Rebekah - “Writings” - poetry, temple,
- Kailangan mauna ate ni ritual, private prayer,
Rebekah bago sha ikasal philosophical explorations
JACOB AND ESAU
- Sons of Isaac

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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

Talmud 13 Principles of Faith

- Made by men 1. God exists
- Magisterium 2. God is one and unique
- Written version of the “oral 3. God is incorporeal (di pwede
Torah” - studies and maging katawan tao si god)..
interpretations of the Torah (by 4. God is eternal
the Rabbis) 5. Prayer is to be directed to God
- comprised by the Mishnah and alone and no other
Gemara 6. The words of the prophets are
- Mishnah - Oral Law in true
Judaism - additional 7. Moses’ prophecies are true, and
commentaries Mishnah moses was the greatest of the
(legends, folklores, the prophets
sayings” 8. The written Torah and Oral
Torah was given to moses (in the
NOTE: Halakha are jewish religions laws form of 10 commandments)
derived from the written torah and oral 9. There will be no other Torah
torah 10. God knows the thoughts and
deeds of men
Elam - Eternal forever 11. God will reward the good and
punish the wicked
The Oneness of the Universal God: 12. The Messiah will come
Yahweh 13. The dead will be resurrected
- Creator
- Omniscient Ten Commandments & 613 Rules
- Holy (Mitzvot)
- Eternal 1. I am the Lord your God
- Perfect 2. You shall not make other gods
- Omnipotent aside me. No carved idols
- Transcendent 3. You shall not take the name of
- Merciful the Lord your God in Vain
- Loving 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to
- Just keep it holy
5. Honor your father and your

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WORLD RELIGION GRADE 11
REVIEWER/ 3RD QUARTER Green grades cutie!

mother Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year

6. You shall not murder
7. You shall not commit adultery
8. You shall not steal
9. You shall not covet your
neighbor’s house, you shall not
covet your neighbor's wife
Yom Kippur - Day of atonement
Hanukkah (Festival of lights) - celebrate
their survival and commemoration of
the rededication

Food that are considered clean and Jewish Sections

lawful Orthodox
1. Kosher - good to eat, malinis, Conservative - traditional
rumenant Reform - modernized
a. Cows, sheep, goats, deer
b. Chicken, duck, turkey Issues in Judaism
c. Trout, tuna, salmon - holocaust
d. Chuck, rib, shoulder, - Zionism
plate
2. Not Kosher - not good
a. Pigs, rabbits, kangaroo
b. Vulture, eagle, owl
c. Crustaceans, mollusks
water mammals
d. Meat and dairy together
e. Loin, sirloin, rumps,
flank, heel (may be
kosher if prepared
properly)

Ruminant - 3 stomach

Worship and Prayer

Pronouncement of faith in Yahweh is
Shema

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