PHYSICS

OXIDISING AGENT
OXIDATION BALANCING OF
REDOX REACTIONS
(OXIDANTS):
NUMBER REDOX REACTION
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A reagent which
can increase
RULES TO ASSIGN OXIDATION NUMBER the oxidation
1) Identify oxidation and reduction
1) Oxidation number of an element in free elemental number.
REDUCING AGENT 2) Make total increase and total decrease
state or Uncombined state zera
(REDUCTANTS): in O.N equal
2) In polyatomic ion, the algebraic sum of all the
oxidation numbers of atoms of the ion must equal OXIDATION: A reagent which REDOX REACTIONS: 3) Balance atoms except O & H
the charge on the ion Increase in the can decrease Reactions which 4)
the oxidation ACIDIC BASIC
3) The oxidation number of oxygen in most oxidation number involve change
number. Balance Balance
in oxidation number

PHYSICS
of the compounds is -2
In peroxides -1 - Oxygen with H2O - Charge with OH-
REDUCTION: of the
In superoxides —1/2
In O2 F2 +1 Decrease in the interacting species - Hydrogen with H+ - Oxygen with H2O
In OF2 +2 oxidation number
4) Oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 in
most of its compounds(In metal hydrides -1)
5) Oxidation number of fluorine is always -1 in its
compounds
6) Alkali metals have oxidation number +1 and
alkaline earth metals have oxidation number +2 always
in its compounds
REDOX REACTION
7) The algebraic sum of the oxidation number of all
the atoms in a compound must be zero. TYPES OF REDOX REACTIONS

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>
+1 x -2
KMnO4 1 + x + 4x(-2) = 0 x = +7

DECOMPOSITION REACTION DISPLACEMENT REACTION DISPROPORTIONATION REACTIONS

COMBINATION REACTION
Reaction leads to the breakdown of a An ion (or an atom) in a compound In a disproportionation reaction an element
POINTS TO A redox reaction in the form
compound into two or more components is replaced by an ion (or an atom) of
in one oxidation state is simultaneously
REMEMBER A+B→C
at least one of which must be in the another element.
oxidised and reduced.
Either A and B or both A and B must be in elemental state. X + YZ → XZ + Y
It always contains an element that can exist
the elemental form for such a reaction to be eg: H2O → H2 + O2
Fe3O4 in at least three oxidation states.
Carbon suboxide CaOCl2 a redox reaction.
+2 O +2 +2 +3 +1 -1 eg: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
O = C = C = C = O FeO. Fe2O3 Ca(OCl)Cl eg: H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
Comproportionation reaction:
CrO5 Tribromooctaoxide
A reaction in which an element in a
-2
O
higher oxidation state reacts with the
-1 O O O
-1
O same element in a lower oxidation state to
= =

= =

= =

O +6 +4 +6
O= Br Br =O
Cr
Br
give the element in an intermediate
O
-1
+6 O-1 O O O oxidation state
METAL NON-METAL eg: Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT
Tetrathionate ion A metal in a compound can be Non-metal in a compound can
O O
Highest O.S— Undergoes Reduction—Oxidising agent displaced by another metal in be displaced by a metal or a
-
O S
+5 O
S
O
S S
+5
O
- the uncombined state. non-metal
Lowest O.S — Undergoes Oxidation—Reducing agent eg: CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4 eg: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
O O
Intermediate O.S — Oxidation & Reduction Na + H2O → NaOH + H2
—Oxidising Agent & Reducing Agent

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