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4AR-1 AssNo.1 ARC423-18.
4AR-1 AssNo.1 ARC423-18.
COMPREHENSIVE COURSE 1
_____________________________________________________________
4AR-1
Assignment no. 1
HOA1
Glicel G. Bullos
19-13735-538
B Y Z A N T I N E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
1. What element could be used to span larger spaces than stone and wood
construction in Byzantine architecture?
A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
**Answer: B**
5. How did the Romans alter their building methods in Constantinople due to
the climate?
A. They used more stone.
B. They adopted Oriental arts.
C. They constructed larger buildings.
D. They relied less on concrete.
**Answer: B**
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B Y Z A N T I N E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
8. What material was mainly used for the construction of the core of
Byzantine walls?
A. Stone
B. Brick
C. Concrete
D. Marble
**Answer: C**
10. Which century saw the erection of the Church of S. Sophia, considered a
great achievement in Byzantine architecture?
A. 5th century
B. 10th century
C. 6th century
D. 12th century
**Answer: C**
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B Y Z A N T I N E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
12. How many windows were used to light the interior of S. Sophia's dome?
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50
**Answer: C**
14. What material was frequently used for roofing in Byzantine architecture?
A. Lead
B. Ceramic tiles
C. Stone slabs
D. Wooden shingles
**Answer: B**
15. Which city served as a connecting link between East and West, evident in
its architecture?
A. Rome
B. Athens
C. Constantinople
D. Jerusalem
**Answer: C**
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B Y Z A N T I N E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
16. Which material was often used for the construction of domes in Byzantine
architecture?
A. Stone
B. Brick
C. Marble
D. Wood
**Answer: B**
17. What is the main decorative feature of the interior of S. Mark's Basilica in
Venice?
A. Marble columns
B. Glass windows
C. Mosaic decorations
D. Painted frescoes
**Answer: C**
18. How did Byzantine craftsmen execute their carving work differently from
the Romans?
A. They used chisels.
B. They used incisions.
C. They used hammers.
D. They used brushes.
**Answer: B**
19. What feature did Byzantine ornamentation frequently utilize to create its
patterns?
A. Raised relief
B. Flat surfaces
C. Translucent glass
D. Incised lines
**Answer: D**
20. What type of plan did early Byzantine churches typically follow?
A. Basilica
B. Centralized
C. Cross-in-square
D. Longitudinal
**Answer: C**
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E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
1. Which material was often used by Early Christians for their churches, taken
from Roman temples that were no longer in use?
A. Marble
B. Iron
C. Aluminum
D. Stone
**Answer: D**
5. What was the primary material used for roofing in Early Christian
churches?
A. Marble
B. Glass
C. Timber
D. Copper
**Answer: C**
01
E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
10. Which city served as the center of the Roman Empire and became a hub
for Early Christian architecture?
A. Jerusalem
B. Athens
C. Rome
D. Alexandria
**Answer: C**
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E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
11. What was the primary purpose of the atrium in Early Christian churches?
A. Place of worship
B. Courtyard for gatherings
C. Baptismal area
D. Altar location
**Answer: B**
12. What architectural element was often used to decorate the columns in
Early Christian churches?
A. Fresco paintings
B. Marble sculptures
C. Glass mosaics
D. Carved capitals
**Answer: D**
13. Which term refers to the area in a church where the transept and the
nave intersect?
A. Crossing
B. Narthex
C. Apse
D. Atrium
**Answer: A**
14. Which material was NOT commonly used in the construction of Early
Christian churches?
A. Stone
B. Concrete
C. Steel
D. Plaster
**Answer: C**
03
E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
16. What did Early Christians commonly use as places of worship before the
construction of formal churches?
A. Temples
B. Basilicas
C. Synagogues
D. House churches
**Answer: D**
20. Which emperor is credited with ending the persecution of Christians and
declaring Christianity a legal religion in the Roman Empire?
A. Augustus
B. Nero
C. Trajan
D. Constantine
**Answer: D**
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E G Y P T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
01
E G Y P T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
6. What architectural feature did ancient Egyptians use to symbolize the sun
god Ra, often seen flanking temple entrances?
A. Sphinx
B. Obelisk
C. Pylon
D. Hypostyle hall
ANSWER: B
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E G Y P T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
11. What architectural motif was commonly used in ancient Egyptian temples
and tombs to symbolize rebirth and regeneration?
A. Lotus flower
B. Scarab beetle
C. Ankh cross
D. Eye of Horus
ANSWER: B
13. What was the purpose of the "false door" often found in ancient Egyptian
tombs and temples?
A. To allow sunlight into dark chambers
B. To provide access to hidden passageways
C. To serve as a symbolic portal for the deceased's spirit
D. To display intricate carvings depicting daily life
ANSWER: C
15. Which ancient Egyptian pharaoh ordered the construction of the mortuary
temple known as Deir el-Bahari, featuring a unique terraced design?
A. Akhenaten
B. Amenhotep III
C. Hatshepsut
D. Seti I
ANSWER: C
03
E G Y P T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E
18. What architectural purpose did the "ka" statue serve in ancient Egyptian
tombs?
A. It represented the deceased's soul and ensured their resurrection.
B. It acted as a guardian against evil spirits.
C. It provided a place for offerings and prayers.
D. It served as a marker for the tomb's entrance.
ANSWER: A
2. During the Gothic period, which empire was reduced to the area of
Germany?
A. Byzantine Empire
B. Holy Roman Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Spanish Empire
ANSWER: B
5. What event struck Europe from 1347 to 1351, killing half of the population
and being spread by rats and fleas?
A. Black Plague
B. Spanish Flu
C. Cholera Outbreak
D. Typhoid Epidemic
ANSWER: A
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G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S
10. Which Gothic cathedral is known for its widest vault in England and its
importance as a medieval building?
A. Salisbury Cathedral
B. Winchester Cathedral
C. York Cathedral
D. Westminster Abbey
ANSWER: D
02
G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S
12. Which Italian city led the way in terms of art, learning, and commerce
during the Gothic period?
A. Florence
B. Milan
C. Rome
D. Venice
ANSWER: A
13. Which Gothic cathedral in Spain is known for being the largest medieval
church in Europe?
A. Burgos Cathedral
B. Seville Cathedral
C. Gerona Cathedral
D. Toledo Cathedral
ANSWER: B
15. Which Gothic architectural style in England is known for its "Geometrical"
window tracery?
A. Early English
B. Decorated
C. Perpendicular
D. Transitional
ANSWER: B
03
G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S
16. What feature distinguished hall churches from other Gothic churches?
A. Equal height of nave and aisle
B. Ornate western towers
C. Sculptured doorways
D. Circular windows
ANSWER: A
17. Which Gothic cathedral in France is known for its central wheel window
and two western towers with high pointed louvred openings?
A. Chartres Cathedral
B. Amiens Cathedral
C. Reims Cathedral
D. Notre Dame, Paris
ANSWER: D
20. Which Gothic cathedral in Italy is known for its peculiar Latin cross plan
and distinctive zebra marble striping on the wall?
A. Florence Cathedral
B. Milan Cathedral
C. Siena Cathedral
D. Pisa Cathedral
ANSWER: C
04
G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E
2. What term is used to describe the outward bulging in the middle of Greek
columns?
A. Entasis
B. Acropolis
C. Doric
D. Volutes
Answer: A
5. Which Greek temple had both a front and back porch, as well as a
colonnade surrounding the entire structure?
A. Temple of Hera
B. Parthenon
C. Temple of Athena Nike
D. Erechtheum
Answer: B
01
G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E
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G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E
11. What is the primary feature of the Great Altar of Pergamum that
distinguishes it from traditional Greek architecture?
A. Doric columns
B. Raised frieze
C. Ionic capitals
D. Corinthian order
Answer: B
13. What elements of Greek architecture are still visible in modern structures?
A. Gothic arches
B. Egyptian pyramids
C. Corinthian columns
D. Roman aqueducts
Answer: C
14. Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of a Greek temple?
A. Stylobate
B. Acropolis
C. Entablature
D. Pediment
Answer: B
03
G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E
18. What was the primary material used in early Greek architecture?
A. Stone
B. Marble
C. Wood
D. Bronze
Answer: C
19. What is the main difference between Doric and Ionic columns?
A. Capital design
B. Shaft thickness
C. Presence of a base
D. Height-to-diameter ratio
Answer: A
20. What architectural form did grander temples, like the Parthenon,
typically follow?
A. Dipteral
B. Trabeated
C. Peripteral
D. Monolithic
Answer: C
04
R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E
2. What was the primary architectural feature adopted by Romans from the
Etruscans for constructing walls without external supports?
A. Buttresses
B. Arches
C. Lintels
D. Columns
**Answer: B**
3. What material did Romans often use for constructing their aqueducts to
transport water to cities?
A. Marble
B. Concrete
C. Copper
D. Zinc
**Answer: B**
4. What was the central public space in Roman cities, often surrounded by
important buildings and used for various activities?
A. Amphitheater
B. Circus
C. Forum
D. Basilica
**Answer: C**
5. Which Roman building was primarily used for legal and administrative
purposes and featured a central nave higher than its side naves?
A. Temple
B. Domus
C. Basilica
D. Insula
**Answer: C**
01
R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E
6. What was the main purpose of Roman baths, which often included rooms
like the frigidarium and tepidarium?
A. Entertainment
B. Worship
C. Social gatherings
D. Personal hygiene
**Answer: D**
8. Which Roman structure was specifically designed for horse races and
chariot competitions?
A. Amphitheater
B. Circus
C. Theater
D. Forum
**Answer: B**
10. Which material was commonly used by Romans to create intricate mosaic
artworks?
A. Stone
B. Glass
C. Marble
D. Wood
**Answer: B**
02
R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E
12. Which Roman structure was primarily used for gladiatorial contests and
other forms of entertainment?
A. Basilica
B. Domus
C. Circus
D. Forum
**Answer: C**
14. Which Roman emperor initiated the construction of the Pantheon in Rome,
known for its hemispherical dome?
A. Augustus
B. Trajan
C. Hadrian
D. Nero
**Answer: C**
03
R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E
17. What was the distinguishing feature of a Roman triumphal arch compared
to other architectural structures?
A. Large central courtyard
B. Decorative mosaic floors
C. Inscriptions commemorating victories
D. Water features
**Answer: C**
18. Which Roman structure served as a central gathering space for political,
economic, and social activities in cities?
A. Basilica
B. Domus
C. Circus
D. Amphitheater
**Answer: A**
19. What distinguished the construction style of Roman bridges from those
built by other civilizations?
A. Pointed arches
B. Wide roadways
C. Use of iron reinforcements
D. Lack of external supports
**Answer: D**
04
P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
4. What was the primary purpose of Stonehenge, one of the most famous
prehistoric monuments?
A. Burial site
B. Solar observatory
C. Agricultural calendar
D. Defensive fortress
01
P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
10. Which architectural feature of Stonehenge aligns with the sun's path
during sunrise on Midsummer Day, serving as a solar observatory?
A. Outer ring
B. Inner ring
C. Horseshoe-shaped ring
D. Megalithic trilithons
02
P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
12. What type of house was built by the Inuit (Eskimo) people using hard-
packed snow blocks constructed spirally?
A. Wigwam
B. Hogan
C. Igloo
D. Trullo
13. What was the primary building material for the construction of Trullo, a
dry-walled rough stone shelter with a corbelled roof?
A. Mud
B. Stone
C. Timber
D. Bamboo
14. What significant role did the development of agriculture play in human
history during the Neolithic period?
A. Allowed for permanent settlements
B. Enabled long-distance trade
C. Led to the invention of writing
D. Facilitated the construction of megalithic structures
03
P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
17. Which period saw the rise of organized governments, job specialization,
and the growth of social diseases?
A. Paleolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Early Civilization
D. Mesolithic
18. What was the primary function of a tumulus or passage grave, a dominant
tomb type found in prehistoric architecture?
A. Solar observation
B. Religious ceremonies
C. Burial chamber
D. Agricultural rituals
20. What significant development allowed humans to spread from Africa into
Southern Europe and Asia during prehistoric times?
A. Invention of agriculture
B. Domestication of animals
C. Use of fire
D. Development of spoken language
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R O M A N E S Q U E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
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R O M A N E S Q U E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
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R O M A N E S Q U E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
14. Which region in Italy was known for its rich and colorful Romanesque
architecture, influenced by Byzantine and Muslim designs?
A. Southern Italy
B. Central Italy
C. Northern Italy
D. Eastern Italy
**Answer: A**
15. Which architectural style is considered the first distinctive style to spread
across Europe since the Roman Empire?
A. Gothic
B. Renaissance
C. Romanesque
D. Baroque
**Answer: C**
03
R O M A N E S Q U E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
17. What were some typical features of Romanesque fortifications and town
walls?
A. Ribbed vaults
B. Flying buttresses
C. Castles with stone curtain walls
D. Timber-framed roofs
**Answer: C**
04