CLOUD COMPUTING ( UNIT - 1 )

Overview of Cloud Computing: Introduction – Essentials of Cloud Computing – Needs

of Cloud Computing- History of Cloud Computing- Benefits of Cloud Computing –
Limitations of Cloud Computing- Vendors of Cloud Computing- Elastic
ComputingSocial Networking- Enterprise Cloud Computing. Factors that affect cloud
computing: Cloud Data center requirements- Influence of Cloud Computing on
Business Companies.

INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING

➔ Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, intelligence, and more,
over the Cloud (Internet).

➔ Cloud computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on

remote servers that are hosted on the internet instead of the computer’s hard
drive or local server.

➔ Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-based computing, it is a

technology where the resource is provided as a service through the Internet to
the user. The data which is stored can be files, images, documents, or any other
storable document.

➔ In simple terms, Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access

and use computing resources (such as servers, storage, databases, networking,
software, analytics, and intelligence) over the internet. Instead of owning and
maintaining physical hardware and software, users can leverage cloud services
provided by third-party providers to achieve their computing needs.

➔ It's like having a virtual computer that you can access from anywhere, as long
as you have an internet connection.

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 ➔ With cloud computing, you can store your files, collaborate with others, run
applications, and even scale up or down your resources based on your needs.
It's a flexible and convenient way to use technology without the limitations of
physical hardware. Many popular services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and
Netflix use cloud computing to provide their services.

➔ They also provide a wide variety of software and platform as a service. We can
take any required services on rent. The cloud computing services will be
charged based on usage.

Why is it Called the Cloud?

• They call it the "cloud" because all these services and powerful computers are
up in the sky on the internet, like clouds.
• Example: When you save a photo on your phone and can see it on your
computer, it's like magic happening in the internet cloud.
Some operations which can be performed with cloud computing are –

• Storage, backup, and recovery of data

• Delivery of software on demand
• Development of new applications and services
• Streaming videos and audio

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  How Cloud Computing Works:

(1) Accessing Services:

• Instead of having everything on your computer, you use services and

tools that are on the internet. It's like borrowing a friend's super-smart
computer whenever you need it.

• Example: Google Docs is a cloud service where you write your

documents online, and you can access them from any computer.

(2) No More Buying and Owning Stuff:

• You don't have to buy and keep big servers or software. You can rent
space and tools from companies, and they take care of everything.

• Example: It's like renting a bike when you need it instead of buying and
storing one that you might not use often.

(3) Making Things Easier:

• Cloud computing makes it easier for everyone. You can share files, work
together on projects, and use powerful tools without needing a super-
expensive computer.

• Example: It's like having a whole team of helpers to get things done
faster and better.

(4) Anytime, Anywhere Access:

• You can get to your stuff from anywhere with the internet. It's like
carrying your favorite games and pictures with you, no matter where you
go.

• Example: If you have a favorite game on your computer at home, you

can play it on your friend's computer as long as it's connected to the
internet.

 Why People Love Cloud Computing:

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 (1) Saving Money and Time:

• Cloud computing is like saving money because you only pay for what
you use, and it saves time because things get done faster.

• Example: It's like paying for the exact amount of pizza you eat instead
of buying a whole pizza every time.

(2) Being Super Smart:

• Cloud computing lets us use really smart technologies, like talking to

computers and making them learn new things.

• Example: If you use a smart speaker, it's like having a little cloud
computer that understands and talks back to you.

WHY CLOUD COMPUTING..? [OPT]

1. Easy Access to Cool Tools:

• Cloud computing lets you use really cool computer tools and services
without needing a super expensive computer yourself.
• Example: You can edit documents online, play games, and do other fun
stuff without having a super powerful computer at home.
2. No Need to Buy Expensive Stuff:
• Instead of buying big, expensive computers and software, you can rent
them when you need. It's like borrowing a friend's awesome computer.
• Example: You don't have to spend a lot of money upfront on fancy
gadgets; you just pay for what you use.

3. Your Stuff Anywhere You Go:

• With cloud computing, your files and favorite things are like travel
buddies. You can access them from any computer with internet.

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 • Example: It's like carrying your favorite games, pictures, and music with
you wherever you go.
4. It Saves Money and Time:
• Cloud computing is like saving money because you only pay for what
you use. Plus, things get done faster, so you save time too.
• Example: It's similar to paying only for the slices of pizza you eat
instead of buying a whole pizza every time.
5. Smart Computers Doing Clever Things:
• Cloud computing lets us use super smart computers that can understand
us, learn new things, and do really clever stuff.
• Example: If you talk to a voice-activated assistant, it's like having a tiny
smart computer in the cloud that listens and talks back to you.
6. Sharing and Working Together:
• Cloud computing makes it easy to share things and work together on
projects. It's like having a digital team that helps you get things done.
• Example: You and your friends can work on a document together online,
just like working on a project at the same time.
 TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING :

1. Public Cloud:
Services are provided by third-party
cloud service providers over the
internet, and resources are shared
among multiple users.

2. Private Cloud:
Cloud infrastructure is used exclusively by a single organization. It can be managed
by the organization or a third party.

3. Hybrid Cloud:

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Combines public and private cloud models. Organizations use both to meet specific
business requirements.

 Types of Cloud Services :

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

• It's like renting the basic building blocks of a computer—things like storage,
computing power, and networks.
• Example: Instead of owning your own computer, you rent the parts you need
to run software and store data.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
• Imagine borrowing a ready-to-use platform for building and running your
applications without worrying about the nitty-gritty details.
• Example: It's like having a kitchen with all the tools and ingredients ready;
you just focus on cooking your special dish.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS):

• Instead of buying and installing software on your computer, you use software
that's already set up and maintained for you.

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 • Example: Think of using email and documents online without installing
anything; it's like having your office tools on the internet.

 TERMINOLOGY USED IN CLOUD COMPUTING :

 Cloud consumer An individual person or organization that sustains a business

relationship with cloud providers and avails the services offered by the
provider

 Cloud provider An individual person or organization who offers a service and

is liable for the services of cloud computing to the parties that demand it

 Cloud auditor A party that conducts evaluation of cloud services, such as

performance, operation on various systems, and security, among others

 Cloud broker The management between cloud providers and cloud

consumers, like presentation and delivery of various services

 Cloud carrier The mediator responsible for connectivity and transport of

cloud services from service providers to cloud consumers

ESSENTIALS / CHARCTERSTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

There are many characteristics of Cloud Computing here are few of them :
1. Renting Instead of Owning:
• Cloud computing is like renting a computer or services on the internet instead
of buying and owning them.

• Example: It's similar to using a friend's awesome computer whenever you need
it without having to buy one yourself.

2. Anywhere, Anytime Access:

• With the cloud, your digital stuff is like a travel companion. You can access it
from any computer with the internet.
• Example: It's like carrying your favorite games, photos, and documents with
you wherever you go.

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3. Measured Service:
• Cloud usage is monitored, and users are billed based on their actual
consumption of resources. This "pay-as-you-go" model is cost-effective.
• Example: Users pay for the amount of storage space they use or the computing
power they consume.
4. No Worries About Maintenance:
• Cloud providers take care of the boring stuff—like fixing and updating. You
just use the services without worrying about maintenance.
• Example: It's like having someone else take care of your bike, making sure it's
in good shape without you doing the repairs.
5. Sharing and Working Together:
• Cloud computing makes it easy to share things and work together with others
on projects. It's like having a digital team.
• Example: You and your friends can edit a document together online, just like
working on a project at the same time.
7. Safe and Secure:
• Cloud providers make sure your stuff is safe and secure from bad things
happening. It's like having a digital guardian.
• Example: It's similar to having a security guard protecting your digital things
in the cloud.
8. Trying New Things Easily:
• Cloud computing makes it easy to try new ideas and tools without spending a
lot of money. It's like a playground for creativity.
• Example: It's like testing a new game without buying it first; you can see if
you like it.
9. On-Demand Services:
• Cloud computing provides services and resources on-demand. Users can access
computing power, storage, and applications whenever they need them.

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 • Example: Instead of having a physical server, you can use cloud services to
quickly scale up your computing power during busy times.
10. Broad Network Access:
• Cloud services are accessible over the internet from a variety of devices, such
as laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
• Example: Users can access their files stored in the cloud from any device with
an internet connection.
11. Service Models:
• Cloud computing offers different service models, including Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS),
catering to various user needs.
• Example: IaaS provides virtualized computing resources, PaaS offers a
platform for application development, and SaaS delivers ready-to-use software
applications.
12. Deployment Models:
• Cloud computing can be deployed in various ways, including public, private,
and hybrid clouds, depending on organizational requirements.
• Example: A public cloud provides services to multiple organizations, while a
private cloud is dedicated to a single organization.
13. Innovation and Emerging Technologies:
• Cloud computing enables the adoption of emerging technologies such as
artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things.

• Example: Businesses can leverage cloud-based AI services to enhance

customer experiences or implement IoT solutions for data collection and
analysis.

14. Updates Happen Automatically:

• Cloud services update themselves automatically, so you always have the latest
features without doing anything.

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15. Always Learning and Getting Better:

• Cloud computing keeps learning and improving, offering new and better ways
to do things over time.
NEEDS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

➔ Cloud computing may be extremely fast and simple to operate.

➔ Since downloading and deploying of software needs time, clouds maintain

everything up to date. Cloud computing is cheaper as well. There is no
requirement of purchasing and deploying costly software as it is already
deployed online and you operate it from there.

➔ One of the chief benefits of using cloud computing for various corporations is
that it provides nearly infinite storage.

➔ There are many challenges associated with a conventional infrastructure:

✔ Software licensing and support For every application and data

center, licensing is needed. However, in cloud computing, for allocated data
centers, only a single licence is needed for the application.

✔ Modifiability When alteration is needed, the application constantly

needs and sustains extra charge

✔ Physical security It is tough to uphold security, and therefore,

security is still a serious issues related to cloud computing.

✔ Cost-effective management To make the application significantly

accessible, the replication of data is required from time to time, which is
very cost effective for a organization

➔ After many years of data center augmentation and development of IT, various
companies are left with overgrown, complex computing platforms. Cloud
computing is a new trend in computing due to its many benefits, which are

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 discussed in the following sections in detail :

1. Flexible Resources: Imagine you have a computer that can automatically

become bigger or smaller based on your needs. That's what cloud computing
offers—flexible and scalable resources.

2. Save Money: Instead of buying and maintaining your own computer servers,
you can "rent" space on powerful computers in the cloud. This can save you a
lot of money because you only pay for what you use.

3. Access Anywhere: With cloud computing, your files and programs are not
stuck on one computer. You can access them from any device with an internet
connection. It's like having your computer stuff everywhere you go.

4. No Worries About Crashes: Cloud providers have really strong computers,

and they keep multiple copies of your stuff in different places. So, even if one
part breaks, your things are safe and still accessible.

5. Work Together Easily: Imagine working on a project with others, even if they
are far away. Cloud computing lets multiple people collaborate on the same
documents and projects in real-time.

6. Always Updated: Your software and apps are automatically kept up-to-date in
the cloud. You don't need to worry about downloading and installing updates; it
just happens in the background.

7. Safe and Secure: Cloud providers take extra steps to keep your data safe. They
use things like passwords, encryption, and special measures to make sure your
information stays private and secure.

8. Recover from Disasters: If something bad happens (like a computer crash or a

fire), your data is still safe in the cloud. It's like having a backup copy that you
can easily get back.

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 9. Try New Things Easily: If you want to test a new idea or try out a new
software, you can do it quickly in the cloud without having to buy new
equipment.

10.Help the Environment: Cloud providers use big, efficient data centers. This
can be better for the environment because it uses less energy than if everyone
had their own individual servers.(ALSO WRITE CHARACTERSTICS OF
CLOUD COMPUTING)

HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING

➔ Before Computing was come into existence, Client Server Architecture was
used where all the data and control of client resides in Server side. If a single user
want to access some data, firstly user need to connect to the server and after that
user will get appropriate access.

➔ Cloud computing is an Internet-based service that has evolved after going

through a number of phases, for example, grid and utility computing, SaaS, etc.

➔ In 1999, Salesforce.com came into the market. This was a pioneer of cloud
computing. After that, Amazon Web Services was launched in 2002, which
provided customized cloud-based services including storage, computation, etc., to
the cloud users.

➔ Another big invention in cloud computing was in 2009, as Web 2.0 and Google
services, through Google Apps. The following sections show the historical
evolution of computing

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  CLIENT-SERVER TECHNOLOGY :

➔ In cloud computing, client-server technology refers to the relationship between

the client and the server in a distributed computing environment.

➔ The client, which could be a computer, a smartphone, or any device connected

to the internet, sends requests to the server for services or data. The server,
which is a powerful computer or a network of computers located in a data
center, processes these requests and provides the requested services or data
back to the client.

➔ In cloud computing, the server is typically part of a larger infrastructure known

as the cloud. This infrastructure consists of multiple servers connected
together. The client can access these resources and services provided by the
cloud through the internet.

➔ So, in summary, client-server technology in cloud computing refers to the

interaction between the client, which initiates requests, and the server, which
processes these requests and provides the necessary services or data from the
cloud infrastructure.

1. Old Way - One Chef, One Kitchen (Traditional Computing):

• Imagine a restaurant with one chef doing all the cooking in one kitchen.
• This is like traditional computing, where one powerful computer (the server)
does all the tasks.
2. Smart Waiter Arrives (Client-Server Technology):

• Now, picture a smart waiter (client-server technology) taking your order and
bringing it to the chef.

• Your order (request) is processed more efficiently, with the waiter (client)
handling tasks too.
3. Cloud Computing - Many Kitchens Everywhere:

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 • Enter the cloud! Think of many kitchens worldwide (data centers) instead of
just one.
• Your smart waiter (client) can send request to any server in the world, making
things faster and more flexible.
• This network of working together is like the cloud in cloud computing.
4. You're the Customer (End User):

• You're the customer (end user) sitting at a table, enjoying your meal (using
applications, services) without worrying about how the kitchen (servers) makes
it happen.
So, in the world of cloud computing, client-server technology is like having clients
connecting to a global network servers to efficiently serve your computing needs. It's
a more advanced and flexible way of getting things done compared to the old-
fashioned one-kitchen approach.

Advantages of Client–Server Networks

✔ Centralized control There is a centralized power used in the client-server
model. Servers assist in controlling the complete system. Access acceptance of
distinct users and resource allotment is made by servers.
✔ Administration managed File administration turns out to be trouble-free since
every file is saved at a single place.
✔ Replication for backup Since complete data is saved on the server, it is easy
to create a back-up of it. During the time of recovering the missing data, it
performs a vital role.

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 ✔ Remote service Access of distance server is possible to accomplish the needs
of consumers and support distinct network.
✔ Secure and safe For any computing, safety is a vital feature. Safety convention
and access privileges may be termed at the time of association of server.
Disadvantages of Client–Server Networks
1. If the server is unable to tackle countless requests from the consumers, it
might lead to congestion with data getting missed.
2. In case you are downloading a file from the server and if, because of
some fault, it gets discarded, download too discontinues.
3. Administration and deployment is extremely costly for such computing.
4. Expert IT are forever required for maintaining servers and other
technological particulars of the network. It needs unique guidance for
the upholding of server
 PEER-TO-PEER APPROACH :

➔ In cloud computing, the peer-to-peer approach is not commonly used.

➔ Cloud computing primarily relies on the client-server model, where clients

interact with servers to access resources and services.

➔ However, it's worth mentioning that peer-to-peer technology has its own
significance in other contexts, such as file sharing networks or decentralized
systems.

➔ In these cases, peers directly communicate with each other without relying on a
central server. But in the realm of cloud computing, the client-server model is
the predominant approach.

➔ FOR EXAMPLE : Imagine a big playground where everyone has their toys,
and they can share with each other without a boss telling them what to do. In
the same way, in a peer-to-peer cloud, all the computers (peers) are like friends

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 who share their computer stuff directly with each other. There's no big boss
computer; they all help each other out.

So, in simple terms, peer-to-peer in cloud computing is like a bunch of friends

sharing their computer toys and playing together without needing one boss to control
everything.

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networks :

1. It is not easy to administer this type of network.

2. Safety matters are forever on this network and it cannot be tackled

appropriately.

3. Backup or data revival is not simple. Every computer must have its personal
imitation system

 DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING :

➔ Distributed computing in cloud computing is about sharing the workload and

data across multiple computers to get things done faster and better.

➔ A system is not completely busy all the time; several systems remain idle many
times, so the idle time of various systems is combined and puts it to good use
for tasks that need a lot of computing power, it is known as distributed
computing. Distributed computing utilizes those idle resources that are not
utilized for some reason or the other

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 ➔ FOR EXAMPLE : Imagine you have a big task to complete, like analyzing a
huge dataset. In a traditional setup, you would have to do all the work on your
own computer, which might take a long time.

But with distributed computing in cloud computing, you can divide the task
into smaller parts and send them to multiple computers in the cloud. Each
computer works on its assigned part simultaneously, processing the data faster.
Once all the parts are processed, the results are combined to get the final
output.

This distributed approach allows for parallel(Equal) processing and efficient

utilization of resources. It helps complete tasks much quicker than if you were
to do them all on a single machine.

➔ So, in summary, Distributed computing in cloud computing allows you to

break down big tasks into smaller pieces and distribute them among multiple
computers in the cloud, making the overall process faster and more efficient.

 GRID COMPUTING :

➔ Grid Computing comes under the evolution of cloud computing which includes
all the nodes that are located in different locations. It has heterogeneous nodes
that are located in a different company. Some nodes are set ideal and these
nodes can be combined to perform any one task.

➔ It is highly preferable to perform complex activities as there are many

computers or nodes involved in the same network.

➔ Grid computing is a distributed computing model where resources from

multiple computers are pooled together to solve complex problems. It's similar
to cloud computing, but with a focus on sharing resources across different

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 organizations or institutions.

➔ It's a powerful way to harness the collective power of multiple computers for
large-scale computations.

➔ It is also beneficial for

appropriate consumption of
resources which remain
unused.It shows the typical
forms of cluster grids where
servers are connected with
each other in an organization

 UTILITY COMPUTING :

➔ Utility computing is a model within cloud computing where users pay for
computing resources based on actual usage, similar to how we pay for utilities
like electricity or water.

➔ In utility computing, users can dynamically scale their resources up or down as

needed, and they are billed accordingly. It provides flexibility and cost-
efficiency, as users only pay for what they use.

➔ So, it's like having computing resources available on-demand, just like how we
use utilities in our everyday life.

➔ One of the advantages is scalability, allowing you to

easily scale up or down your resources based on
demand. This ensures you have the right amount of
computing power when you need it, without any wasted
resources.

➔ It's like having a customizable and cost-efficient

computing solution at your fingertips!

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 ➔ EXAMPLE :

➔ Imagine you're running a small online business selling handmade crafts.

During the holiday season, you expect a surge in website traffic and sales.
Instead of investing in expensive servers and infrastructure to handle the
peak load, you opt for a utility computing solution. You use a cloud service
provider that offers utility computing, such as Amazon Web Services
(AWS) or Microsoft Azure. You can easily scale up your computing
resources during the busy period to ensure smooth website performance
and handle the increased traffic. Once the holiday season is over, you can
scale down your resources to save costs. It's like having the flexibility to
adjust your computing power based on your business needs, without the
hassle and expense of managing your own infrastructure.

Benefits of Cloud Computing (Write Characterstics of cloud computing)

LIMITATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

(1) INTERNET HICCUPS :

Cloud needs a good internet connection. If your internet is slow or down,

accessing cloud services becomes tricky.

(2) DATA SAFETY WORRIES:

Storing data online may make some people worry about its safety. There's
always a chance, though small, of someone getting unauthorized access.

(3) NO SPECIAL TREATMENT:

Cloud services are like a one-size-fits-all shirt. Not everything can be

customized to fit your specific needs.

(4) DOWNTIME DRAMA:

Sometimes, cloud services take a break. It's not often, but when it happens, you

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 can't access your stuff for a little while.

(5) DATA DOLLAR SIGNS:

Moving lots of data in and out of the cloud can cost you some extra money.
Gotta keep an eye on those bills.

(6) STUCK WITH YOUR CLOUD BUDDY:

If you pick a cloud provider and invest a lot, it's like getting into a long-term
relationship. Switching to someone else is tough and might cost U.

(7) CLOUD TRAFFIC JAMS:

Imagine a highway where everyone is sharing lanes. If a lot of people are using
the cloud at the same time, your services might slow down a bit.

(8) DATA LOCATION MYSTERY:

Your data might be stored in different parts of the world. This could mean
different rules about who gets to see your stuff.

(9) MOVING PAINS:

Shifting your existing systems to the cloud can be like moving houses. It takes
planning and might be a bit of a hassle.

(10) RESOURCE RATIONING:

Sometimes, you might not get all the resources you want. It's like m getting a
small slice of cake when you want the whole thing.

(11) LEARNING CURVE:

Figuring out how to use the cloud can be a bit like learning a new game. It
takes time to get the hang of it.

(12) DEPENDENT ON CLOUD DOCTORS:

If something goes wrong in the cloud, you need to rely on the cloud provider to
fix it. You can't just call your IT friend down the street.

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 (13) HIDDEN FEES:

Cloud bills can sometimes have surprises, like finding a hidden fee in your
phone bill. You need to be vigilant to avoid unexpected costs.

(14) SHARING ISN’T ALWAYS CARING:

Sharing resources with others in the cloud is great, but sometimes it means
your stuff isn’t as private as you might like.

(15) UPGRADES ON THEIR SCHEDULE:

When the cloud provider decides it's time for an upgrade, you have to go along
with it. You can't decide to stick with the old version if you like it better.

VENDORS OF CLOUD COMPUTING / CLOUD SERVICE

PROVIDER
➔ Cloud computing vendors are companies that provide services and resources
over the internet to individuals, businesses, and organizations. These services
include computing power, storage, databases, software, and more.

➔ Users can access and use these resources on a pay-as-you-go basis, allowing
for flexibility and scalability.

➔ Major cloud computing vendors include Amazon Web Services (AWS),

Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and others, each offering a set of
tools and solutions to meet diverse computing needs.

➔ These vendors play a crucial role in enabling the adoption of cloud technology
across various industries. Major Service Provider are,

1) AWS (Amazon Web Service)

2) Google Cloud

3) Microsoft Azure

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 4) SalesForce

5) RackSpace

(1) AWS (AMAZON WEB SERVICE) : Iaas

➔ Launched in 2006, AWS is the best cloud service provider leading in the

market. It becomes a major player in AI, database, machine learning, 5G

cloud, multi-cloud etc.

➔ AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a secure cloud service platform provided

by Amazon. It offers various services such as database storage, computing

power, content delivery, Relational Database, Simple Email, Simple Queue,
and other functionality to increase the organization's growth.

➔ AWS offers 175 fully-featured services to meet any kind of business

requirements. These services are database storage, computing power,

networking and many more

➔ It's widely used by businesses of all sizes, from startups to large enterprises.

 Features of AWS
AWS provides various powerful features for building scalable, cost-effective,
enterprise applications. Some important features of AWS is given below-

• AWS is scalable because it has an ability to scale the computing resources up

or down according to the organization's demand.

• AWS is cost-effective as it works on a pay-as-you-go pricing model.

• It provides various flexible storage options.

• It can efficiently manage and secure Windows workloads.

(2) GOOGLE CLOUD : SaaS, PaaS

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 ➔ GCP is the cloud computing platform offered by Google. It provides a wide
range of services, including computing, storage, machine learning.
➔ GCP is known for its strong focus on data analytics and machine learning
capabilities, making it a popular choice for businesses in those areas.
GCP offers a wide range of services, including:
1. Compute Engine: This service provides virtual machines that you can use
to run your applications.
2. App Engine: It's a fully managed platform that allows you to build and
deploy web applications easily.
3. Cloud Storage: GCP offers scalable and durable object storage for your
files, images, and videos.
4. BigQuery: It's a fully managed, serverless data warehouse that allows you
to analyze massive datasets quickly.
5. Cloud Machine Learning Engine: This service enables you to build and
deploy machine learning models at scale.
6. Cloud Pub/Sub: It's a messaging service that allows you to send and receive
data between independent applications.

(3) MICROSOFT AZURE : PaaS

➔ Microsoft Azure was launched in 2010 as Windows Azure, and later in 2014,
it was renamed, Microsoft Azure. It was launched years after the release of
AWS and Google cloud but still, it is the fastest-growing cloud and giving
tough competition to AWS and other cloud service providers.

➔ There is a five-year partnership between Microsoft and Disney. Azure has 54

data centers regions across the world available in 140 countries.

➔ Azure offers hundreds of services including AI + Machine Learning, Analytics,

Blockchain, Databases, Developer Tools, DevOps,Internet of Things etc..

➔ Microsoft Azure is available with public or private cloud service or hybrid

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 cloud service consists of both private and public.

➔ 24/7 cooperative team paying attention to their customers. A free trial version
of Microsoft Azure is available for 30 days.

Features of Microsoft Azure

• Microsoft Azure provides scalable, flexible, and cost-effective

• It allows developers to quickly manage applications and websites.

• It managed each resource individually.

• Its IaaS infrastructure allows us to launch a general-purpose virtual machine

in different platforms such as Windows and Linux.

• It offers a Content Delivery System (CDS) for delivering the Images, videos,

audios, and applications.

(4) SALESFORCE : SaaS, PaaS

Salesforce is a supplier of SaaS-based goods, along with having a PaaS offering,

Force.com. It is a universal venture software corporation with headquarters in San
Francisco, United States, California. Salesforce is best identified for its consumer
relationship management (CRM).

(5) RACKSPACE : Cloud Hosting

➔ Rackspace is a company that specializes in cloud computing services. They

offer a range of solutions, including managed hosting and public or private
cloud options.

➔ Their focus is on providing excellent customer support and expertise to

businesses. With Rackspace, you can get help with managing your cloud
infrastructure, ensuring that your applications and data are secure and running
smoothly.

➔ They have a strong reputation in the industry and are known for their reliable

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 services. If you're considering moving your operations to the cloud, Rackspace
is definitely worth exploring

Core Services:

• Managed Hosting: Rackspace provides traditional managed hosting

services, offering dedicated servers, infrastructure, and support for
businesses that require a tailored hosting environment.
• Public and Private Cloud Solutions: Rackspace offers both public and
private cloud solutions. Their public cloud services provide scalable and
on-demand resources, while private cloud solutions cater to
organizations with specific security and compliance requirements.
• Managed AWS and Azure Services: In addition to their proprietary cloud
offerings, Rackspace also provides managed services for public clouds
such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. This allows
businesses to leverage the capabilities of major cloud providers with
Rackspace's expertise and support.

ELASTIC COMPUTING

➔ Elastic computing in cloud computing refers to the ability to dynamically scale

computing resources based on demand.

➔ Elastic computing is a subset of cloud computing that involves dynamically

increasing/decreasing the capacity of the cloud servers according to the

requirement.

➔ The ability of a cloud to expand or decrease its capacity for CPU, memory, and

storage resources in response to shifting organizational needs is known

as cloud elasticity.

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  How Does Cloud Elasticity Work?
1. Imagine a Restaurant:
• Think of a restaurant that adjusts the number of tables and chefs based on how busy
it is. If it's a busy evening, they might open up more tables and have more chefs
cooking to handle the increased demand.
2. Cloud Resources Like Tables and Chefs:
• In the cloud, these "tables" and "chefs" are like computing resources (servers,
storage, processing power). Elasticity allows you to automatically increase or
decrease these resources as your needs change.
3. Scaling Up and Down:
• When more customers (or, in the cloud, more workload) come in, elastic computing
sca les up by adding more virtual "tables" and "chefs" (computing resources). This
ensures that your application or website can handle the increased demand without
slowing down.
• When things quiet down, elastic computing scales down by reducing the number of
virtual "tables" and "chefs." This helps you save costs by not paying for resources
you don't need.
4. Automation:
• Elasticity is often automated. Imagine the restaurant manager deciding to open a new
table automatically when a certain number of customers arrive. In the cloud,
automation tools and scripts handle the scaling based on rules you set.
5. Pay for What You Use:
• Elasticity also ties into the pay-as-you-go model. You're charged based on the
resources you use. If you only need a few "tables" and "chefs," you only pay for
those. If you need more during busy times, you pay a bit more, but it's still flexible
and cost-effective.
6. Load Balancing:
• Think of a host or hostess at the restaurant directing customers to available tables
evenly. In the cloud, load balancing ensures that the workload is distributed evenly
across the available resources, optimizing performance.
7. APIs and Scripts:
• Cloud providers give you tools (like APIs) to programmatically manage these
resources. It's like having a remote control for adjusting your "tables" and "chefs"
based on your application's needs.
 EXAMPLE :

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Imagine you have a website that experiences high traffic during certain periods, like
during a sale or a special event. With elastic computing, you can automatically scale
up your resources during those peak times to handle the increased demand. This
means your website will continue to perform well and provide a great user
experience, even with a large number of visitors.
On the other hand, during periods of low traffic, you can scale down your resources
to save costs. This means you only pay for the resources you actually need, rather
than having to maintain a fixed infrastructure that may be underutilized.

 ADVANATAGE AND DISADVANATAGE :

Advantages of Elastic Cloud

Disadvantages of Elastic Cloud Computing
Computing
1. Scalability: Easily scales 1. Cost Management: Constant monitoring is
resources up or down based on required to avoid unnecessary costs during
demand. peak demand.
2. Cost Efficiency: Pay only for the 2. Learning Curve: Implementing and
resources you use, optimizing managing elasticity may require some
expenditure. learning and expertise.
3. Improved Performance: Ensures 3. Potential for Over-Provisioning: Without
optimal performance during varying proper monitoring, there's a risk of over-
workloads. provisioning resources.
4. Agility and Flexibility: Quickly 4. Dependence on Internet Connectivity:
adapts to changing business needs Relies on a stable internet connection for
and application requirements. seamless operation.
5. Load Balancing: Distributes 5. Potential for Resource Bottlenecks:
workloads evenly, optimizing Inadequate planning can lead to bottlenecks
resource utilization. during sudden scaling events.
6. Global Reach: Access to 6. Limited Customization: Some cloud
resources and services worldwide, services may have limitations in terms of
supporting global operations. customization.

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 Advantages of Elastic Cloud
Disadvantages of Elastic Cloud Computing
Computing

7. Disaster Recovery: Cloud 7. Reliability Concerns: Reliance on the

environments often include built-in
disaster recovery options.
8. Resource Efficiency: Maximizes
resource utilization, reducing waste.
cloud provider's infrastructure may raise
concerns about reliability.
8. Connectivity and Latency: Performance
may be impacted by network latency,
especially for real-time applications.

SOCIAL NETWORKING

➔ Social networking in cloud computing refers to the integration of social media

platforms with cloud-based services. It allows users to connect, communicate,
and share information with others through the cloud.

➔ In simple,Social Networking refers to grouping of individuals and

organizations together via some medium, in order to share thoughts, interests,
and activities.

➔ With social networking in the cloud, users can create profiles, post updates,
share photos and videos, and interact with friends, family, and colleagues. The
cloud provides the infrastructure and storage capabilities to support these social
networking platforms, making it easier for users to access their accounts and
data from anywhere, at any time.

➔ Cloud computing enables social networking platforms to handle large amounts

of user data, provide real-time updates, and offer personalized experiences. It
also allows for seamless collaboration and sharing of content among users.

➔ So, social networking in cloud computing brings together the power of social
media and the flexibility of cloud-based services, enabling users to connect,

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 share, and engage with others in a convenient and efficient way. It has
revolutionized the way we communicate and interact in the digital age.

 Examples of social networking platforms that utilize cloud computing :

S.No Service Description

Facebook
1. Allows to share text, photos, video etc. It also offers interesting online
games.
Google+
2.
It is pronounced as Google Plus. It is owned and operated by Google.
Twitter
3. Twitter allows the user to send and reply messages in form of tweets.
These tweets are the small messages, generally include 140+ characters.
Linkedin
4 Linkedin is a business and professional networking site.

Ibibo
5 Ibibo is a talent based social networking site. It allows the users to
promote one’s self and also discover new talent.
Whatsapp
6 It is a mobile based messaging app. It allows to send text, video, and
audio messages
Hike : It is also mobile based messager allows to send messages and
7
exciting emoticons.

 Where Social Networking Helps :

Following are the areas where social networking has become most popular:
(1) Online Marketing
Website like facebook allows us to create a page for specific product, community or
firm and promiting over the web.

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 (2) Online Jobs
Website like linkedin allows us to create connection with professionals and helps to
find the suitable job based on one’s specific skills set.
(3) Online News
On social networking sites, people also post daily news which helps us to keep us
updated.
(4) Chatting
Social networking allows us to keep in contact with friends and family. We can
communicate with them via messages.
(5) Share Picture, Audio and video
One can share picture, audio and video using social networking sites.

ENTERPRICE CLOUD COMPUTING

➔ Enterprise cloud computing refers to the use of cloud computing services by

businesses and organizations to meet their IT needs. It offers several benefits
such as cost savings, scalability, flexibility, and increased efficiency.

➔ Enterprises can leverage cloud computing to store and manage data, run
applications, and access computing resources on-demand. This helps them
streamline their operations, improve collaboration, and focus on their core
business objectives.

➔ Cloud service providers like Rackspace offer enterprise-grade cloud solutions

specifically designed for businesses. They provide secure infrastructure,
reliable support, and customized services to meet the unique requirements of
enterprises. Rackspace offers different types of cloud solutions:

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 1. Public Cloud: This lets you access computing resources over the internet,
like virtual servers and storage. It's scalable and flexible, so you can easily
adjust your resources based on your needs.

2. Private Cloud: With a private cloud, you have dedicated resources that are
not shared with others. It offers enhanced security and control over your data
and applications.

3. Hybrid Cloud: Rackspace's hybrid cloud combines public and private

clouds. It allows you to have a mix of on-premises infrastructure and cloud
resources, giving you flexibility and cost-effectiveness.

➔ Rackspace also specializes in managed cloud services. They take care of

managing and maintaining your cloud infrastructure, providing support,
monitoring, security, and optimization services. This way, you can focus on
your core business while they handle the technical stuff.

➔ Rackspace has a great reputation in the industry for their expertise and
customer support. They ensure reliable infrastructure, strong security measures,
and round-the-clock technical assistance.

➔ These solutions provide robust

security, reliable infrastructure,
and dedicated support to ensure
the smooth functioning of
enterprise applications and
services

FACTORS THAT AFFECT

CLOUD COMPUTING [opt]

In cloud computing, there are several factors that can affect the performance and
functionality of the cloud. Here are some key factors to consider:

1. Internet Connection: The speed and reliability of your internet connection can

PAGE 31
impact your cloud experience. A fast and stable connection is important for accessing
and transferring data.

2. Security: Protecting your data and ensuring secure access to cloud resources is
crucial. Encryption, authentication, and access controls help keep your information
safe.

3. Scalability: Cloud computing allows you to easily scale your resources up or

down based on your needs. This flexibility is important for handling changes in
demand.

4. Service Level Agreements (SLAs): SLAs define the terms of service and
performance guarantees from your cloud provider. Understanding these agreements
helps ensure you receive the level of service you expect.

5. Location: The physical location of cloud data centers can affect the speed at which
you can access your data. Choosing a provider with data centers near your location
can improve performance.

6. Cost: Cloud computing costs can vary based on factors like resource usage and
data transfer. Understanding the pricing models of your provider helps you manage
costs effectively.

CLOUD DATA CENTER REQUIREMENTS

In cloud computing, data centers play a crucial role in providing the infrastructure
and resources needed to support cloud services. Here are some key requirements for
cloud data centers:

1. Scalability: Cloud data centers should be designed to handle the scalability needs
of cloud computing. They should have the ability to quickly and efficiently scale up
or down resources based on demand.

2. Redundancy: To ensure high availability and minimize downtime, cloud data

PAGE 32
centers require redundancy. This includes redundant power supplies, network
connections, and storage systems to prevent single points of failure.

3. Security: Data centers need robust security measures to protect the sensitive
information stored in the cloud. This includes physical security measures, such as
access controls and surveillance, as well as cybersecurity measures like firewalls and
encryption.

4. Connectivity: Cloud data centers need high-speed and reliable network

connectivity to ensure smooth communication between servers, storage systems, and
users accessing the cloud services.

6. Monitoring and Management: Data centers require advanced monitoring and

management systems to track performance, detect issues, and ensure efficient
resource allocation. This helps optimize the overall performance and reliability of the
cloud services.

 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES OF CLOUD COMPUTING :

In cloud computing, scaling refers to the process of adjusting the resources allocated
to a system to meet the changing demands of the users. There are two types of

PAGE 33
scaling: vertical scaling and horizontal scaling 123.

Vertical scaling (or “scaling up”) is the process of increasing the capacity of a single
machine by adding more resources such as memory, storage, etc. to increase the
throughput of the system. This approach is also called the scale-up approach. MySQL
is an example of a system that uses vertical scaling 1.

Horizontal scaling (or “scaling out”) is the process of adding more instances of the
same type to the existing pool of resources and not increasing the capacity of existing
resources like in vertical scaling. This kind of scaling also helps in decreasing the
load on the server. This approach is also called the scale-out approach. Adding more
servers or instances to the existing pool of resources is an example of horizontal scaling

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